Results for 'Uncertainty'

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  1. Living with Uncertainty: The Moral Significance of Ignorance.Michael J. Zimmerman - 2008 - New York: Cambridge University Press.
    Every choice we make is set against a background of massive ignorance about our past, our future, our circumstances, and ourselves. Philosophers are divided on the moral significance of such ignorance. Some say that it has a direct impact on how we ought to behave - the question of what our moral obligations are; others deny this, claiming that it only affects how we ought to be judged in light of the behaviour in which we choose to engage - the (...)
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  2. Anxiety, normative uncertainty, and social regulation.Charlie Kurth - 2016 - Biology and Philosophy 31 (1):1-21.
    Emotion plays an important role in securing social stability. But while emotions like fear, anger, and guilt have received much attention in this context, little work has been done to understand the role that anxiety plays. That’s unfortunate. I argue that a particular form of anxiety—what I call ‘practical anxiety’—plays an important, but as of yet unrecognized, role in norm-based social regulation. More specifically, it provides a valuable form of metacognition, one that contributes to social stability by helping individuals negotiate (...)
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  3. An Enactive-Ecological Approach to Information and Uncertainty.Eros Moreira de Carvalho & Giovanni Rolla - 2020 - Frontiers in Psychology 11 (Enaction and Ecological Psycholo):1-11.
    Information is a central notion for cognitive sciences and neurosciences, but there is no agreement on what it means for a cognitive system to acquire information about its surroundings. In this paper, we approximate three influential views on information: the one at play in ecological psychology, which is sometimes called information for action; the notion of information as covariance as developed by some enactivists, and the idea of information as minimization of uncertainty as presented by Shannon. Our main thesis (...)
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  4.  86
    Moral Decision-Making Under Uncertainty.Christian Tarsney, Teruji Thomas & William MacAskill - 2024 - Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
  5. Types of Uncertainty.Richard Bradley & Mareile Drechsler - 2013 - Erkenntnis 79 (6):1225-1248.
    We distinguish three qualitatively different types of uncertainty—ethical, option and state space uncertainty—that are distinct from state uncertainty, the empirical uncertainty that is typically measured by a probability function on states of the world. Ethical uncertainty arises if the agent cannot assign precise utilities to consequences. Option uncertainty arises when the agent does not know what precise consequence an act has at every state. Finally, state space uncertainty exists when the agent is unsure (...)
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  6. Movement under uncertainty: The effects of the rubber-hand illusion vary along the nonclinical autism spectrum.Colin Palmer, Bryan Paton, Jakob Hohwy & Peter Enticott - forthcoming - Neuropsychologia.
    Recent research has begun to investigate sensory processing in relation to nonclinical variation in traits associated with the autism spectrum disorders (ASD). We propose that existing accounts of autistic perception can be augmented by considering a role for individual differences in top-down expectations for the precision of sensory input, related to the processing of state-dependent levels of uncertainty. We therefore examined ASD-like traits in relation to the rubber-hand illusion: an experimental paradigm that typically elicits crossmodal integration of visual, tactile, (...)
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  7. An axiomatic approach to axiological uncertainty.Stefan Riedener - 2020 - Philosophical Studies 177 (2):483-504.
    How ought you to evaluate your options if you’re uncertain about which axiology is true? One prominent response is Expected Moral Value Maximisation, the view that under axiological uncertainty, an option is better than another if and only if it has the greater expected moral value across axiologies. EMVM raises two fundamental questions. First, there’s a question about what it should even mean. In particular, it presupposes that we can compare moral value across axiologies. So to even understand EMVM, (...)
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  8.  72
    Values and Uncertainty in Simulation Models.Margaret Morrison - 2014 - Erkenntnis 79 (S5):939-959.
    In this paper I argue for a distinction between subjective and value laden aspects of judgements showing why equating the former with the latter has the potential to confuse matters when the goal is uncovering the influence of political influences on scientific practice. I will focus on three separate but interrelated issues. The first concerns the issue of ‘verification’ in computational modelling. This is a practice that involves a number of formal techniques but as I show, even these allegedly objective (...)
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  9.  2
    Improvising in the Community of Philosophical Inquiry: A Way to Learn to Inhabit Uncertainty.Eleonora Zorzi - 2025 - Childhood and Philosophy 21:01-17.
    Esta contribución teórica propone una reflexión abierta sobre la incertidumbre, tan presente en los debates sociales y educativos contemporáneos, y sobre el valor que puede tener para el bienestar de las personas y las comunidades aprender a habitar esas «incertidumbres». Percibir diferentes alternativas antes de tomar una decisión, encontrarse perdido ante la ambigüedad de alguna información y sentir desorientación frente a la complejidad, son características de esta escurridiza «incertidumbre» (Barreneche, Santi, 2022). La incertidumbre puede ser percibida de forma negativa si (...)
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  10.  26
    The value of uncertainty.Mark Miller, Kate Nave, George Deane & Andy Clark - unknown
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  11.  30
    Conviction Narrative Theory: A theory of choice under radical uncertainty.Samuel G. B. Johnson, Avri Bilovich & David Tuckett - 2023 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 46:e82.
    Conviction Narrative Theory (CNT) is a theory of choice underradical uncertainty– situations where outcomes cannot be enumerated and probabilities cannot be assigned. Whereas most theories of choice assume that people rely on (potentially biased) probabilistic judgments, such theories cannot account for adaptive decision-making when probabilities cannot be assigned. CNT proposes that people usenarratives– structured representations of causal, temporal, analogical, and valence relationships – rather than probabilities, as the currency of thought that unifies our sense-making and decision-making faculties. According to (...)
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  12.  26
    What's Observed in a Rating? Rankings as Orientation in the Face of Uncertainty.Elena Esposito & David Stark - 2019 - Theory, Culture and Society 36 (4):3-26.
    Ratings and rankings are criticized for being simplistic, obscurantist, inaccurate, and subjective, yet they are becoming an increasingly influential social form. We elaborate the criticisms of ratings and rankings in various fields but go on to argue that analysis should shift its target. The problem that ratings deal with is not observation of an independent world. Instead, the challenge they face is the circularity of second-order observation in which observations must take into account the observations of others. To this purpose (...)
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  13. Types of Technological Innovation in the Face of Uncertainty.Daniele Chiffi, Stefano Moroni & Luca Zanetti - 2022 - Philosophy and Technology 35 (4):1-17.
    Technological innovation is almost always investigated from an economic perspective; with few exceptions, the specific technological and social nature of innovation is often ignored. We argue that a novel way to characterise and make sense of different types of technological innovation is to start considering uncertainty. This seems plausible since technological development and innovation almost always occur under conditions of uncertainty. We rely on the distinction between, on the one hand, uncertainty that can be quantified (e.g. probabilistic (...)
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  14. The relationship between future self-continuity and intention to use Internet wealth management: The mediating role of tolerance of uncertainty and trait anxiety.Rongzhao Wang, Xuanxuan Lin, Zetong Ye, Hua Gao & Jianrong Liu - 2022 - Frontiers in Psychology 13:939508.
    This study aimed to analyze the mediating effect of tolerance of uncertainty and trait anxiety on future self-continuity and intention to use Internet wealth management systems. A questionnaire survey was distributed online and a total of 388 participants completed questionnaire, The questionnaire included the following scales: Chinese version of the FSC, Intention to Use the Internet Wealth Management, TU, and TA. Pearson correlation was used to investigate the correlation coefficient between variables while the sequential regression method was used to (...)
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  15.  83
    Initial-Condition Dependence and Initial-Condition Uncertainty in Climate Science.Charlotte Werndl - 2019 - British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 70 (4):953-976.
    This article examines initial-condition dependence and initial-condition uncertainty for climate projections and predictions. The first contribution is to provide a clear conceptual characterization of predictions and projections. Concerning initial-condition dependence, projections are often described as experiments that do not depend on initial conditions. Although prominent, this claim has not been scrutinized much and can be interpreted differently. If interpreted as the claim that projections are not based on estimates of the actual initial conditions of the world or that what (...)
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  16.  54
    The String Uncertainty Relations Follow from the New Relativity Principle.Carlos Castro - 2000 - Foundations of Physics 30 (8):1301-1316.
    Stringy corrections to the ordinary Heisenberg uncertainty relations have been known for some time. However, a proper understanding of the underlying new physical principle modifying the ordinary Heisenberg uncertainty relations has not yet emerged. The author has recently proposed a new scale relativity theory as a physical foundation of string and M theories. In this work the stringy uncertainty relations, and corrections thereof, are rigorously derived from this new relativity principle without any ad-hoc assumptions. The precise connection (...)
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  17.  74
    Time-energy uncertainty and relativistic canonical commutation relations in quantum spacetime.Eduard Prugovečki - 1982 - Foundations of Physics 12 (6):555-564.
    It is shown that the time operatorQ 0 appearing in the realization of the RCCR's [Qμ,Pv]=−jhgμv, on Minkowski quantum spacetime is a self adjoint operator on Hilbert space of square integrable functions over Σ m =σ×v m , where σ is a timelike hyperplane. This result leads to time-energy uncertainty relations that match their space-momentum counterparts. The operators Qμ appearing in Born's metric operator in quantum spacetime emerge as internal spacetime operators for exciton states, and the condition that the (...)
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  18.  76
    Embracing the Certainty of Uncertainty: Implications for Health Care and Research.Andrew J. E. Seely - 2013 - Perspectives in Biology and Medicine 56 (1):65-77.
    Centuries of scientific progress have been devoted to reducing uncertainty. Newtonian physics, introduced over 300 years ago, allowed for precise prediction of planetary and tidal motion, falling bodies and infinitely more, in addition to allowing the construction of the material world. The 20th century witnessed a revolution in our understanding of organ and cellular function and dysfunction, elucidation of pathways, mediators, receptors, and molecular interactions, and breakthroughs in the characterization of replication, transcription, and translation, all of which has been (...)
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  19. Probabilistic semantics and pragmatics : uncertainty in language and thought.Noah D. Goodman & Daniel Lassiter - 1996 - In Shalom Lappin, The handbook of contemporary semantic theory. Cambridge, Mass., USA: Blackwell Reference.
     
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  20.  13
    Two components of individual differences in actively open-minded thinking standards: myside bias and uncertainty aversion.Jonathan Baron - 2024 - Thinking and Reasoning 30 (4):648-673.
    The theory of actively open-minded thinking (AOT) implies standards for good thinking. Two broad aspects of these standards characterise individual differences in their acceptance: myside bias, in which thinking favours possible conclusions that are already strong; and uncertainty aversion, a belief that good thinking results in high confidence. Acceptance of AOT standards is often measured with short questionnaire scales. The present paper reports one study focusing on each of these two biases in the evaluation of the trustworthiness of sources, (...)
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  21.  16
    Medical choices, medical chances: how patients, families, and physicians can cope with uncertainty.Harold Bursztajn (ed.) - 1981 - New York: Routledge.
    Considered ahead of its time since the first publication in 1981, Medical Choices, Medical Chances provides a telescope for viewing how developments in the fields of medical research, medical technology, and health care organization are likely to influence the doctor-patient relationship in the 21st Century. The book explores this intricate web of relationships among doctors, patients, and families and offers a new framework for mastering the emotional and intellectual challenges of uncertainty, while at the same time providing tools for (...)
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  22.  21
    Fixation time as a function of stimulus uncertainty.James Allison - 1965 - Journal of Experimental Psychology 70 (4):433.
  23.  56
    Operations for a problem of existence: dealing with the ontological uncertainty of nano substances.Brice Laurent - 2015 - Foundations of Chemistry 17 (3):207-224.
    This paper discusses the operations meant to act on situations of ontological uncertainties for chemicals. Using examples related to substances developed as part of nanotechnology programs, it analyses technical and social instruments meant to define the existence of these substances, as « new » or « existing » chemicals. Carbon nanotubes developed by a French company offer an illustration of containment, while the legal disputes about nano silver in the U.S. display oppositions about whether or not these compounds are equivalent (...)
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  24. De se beliefs and centred uncertainty.Silvia Milano - 2018 - Dissertation, London School of Economics and Political Science
    What kind of thing do you believe when you believe that you are in a certain place, that it is a certain time, and that you are a certain individual? What happens if you get lost, or lose track of the time? Can you ever be unsure of your own identity? These are the kind of questions considered in my thesis. Beliefs about where, when and who you are are what are called in the literature de se, or self-locating beliefs. (...)
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  25.  31
    In vino veritas, in aqua lucrum: Farmland investment, environmental uncertainty, and groundwater access in California’s Cuyama Valley.Madeleine Fairbairn, Jim LaChance, Kathryn Teigen De Master & Loka Ashwood - 2020 - Agriculture and Human Values 38 (1):285-299.
    This paper explores the relationship between farmland investment and environmental uncertainty. It examines how farmland investors seek to “render land investible” in spite of drought, groundwater depletion, and changing regulations. To do so, we analyze a single case study: the purchase of 8000 acres of dry rangeland in California’s Cuyama Valley by the Harvard University endowment for use in creating an irrigated vineyard. Drawing from interviews with Cuyama Valley farmers and community members, participant observation at community meetings, and public (...)
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  26.  67
    Critical Decisions under Uncertainty: Representation and Structure.Benjamin Kuipers, Alan J. Moskowitz & Jerome P. Kassirer - 1988 - Cognitive Science 12 (2):177-210.
    How do people make difficult decisions in situations involving substantial risk and uncertainty? In this study, we presented a difficult medical decision to three expert physicians in a combined “thinking aloud” and “cross examination” experiment. Verbatim transcripts were analyzed using script analysis to observe the process of constructing and making the decision, and using referring phrase analysis to determine the representation of knowledge of likelihoods. These analyses are compared with a formal decision analysis of the same problem to highlight (...)
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  27.  29
    Developmental Trajectories in the Understanding of Everyday Uncertainty Terms.Björn Meder, Ralf Mayrhofer & Azzurra Ruggeri - 2022 - Topics in Cognitive Science 14 (2):258-281.
    Topics in Cognitive Science, Volume 14, Issue 2, Page 258-281, April 2022.
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  28.  33
    A Neuroadaptive Cognitive Model for Dealing With Uncertainty in Tracing Pilots' Cognitive State.Oliver W. Klaproth, Marc Halbrügge, Laurens R. Krol, Christoph Vernaleken, Thorsten O. Zander & Nele Russwinkel - 2020 - Topics in Cognitive Science 12 (3):1012-1029.
    When people are performing a task, it is hard to know whether they are about to make a mistake. Klaproth, Halbrügge, Krol, Vernaleken, Zander, and Russwinkel address this by recording EEG signals while people are performing a flight control task, and show that by examining the EEG signal they can determine when people failed to notice particular stimuli, which could lead to better assistive tools.
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  29.  33
    Luck Has Nothing to Do with It: Prevailing Uncertainty and Responsibilities of Due Care.Levente Szentkirályi - 2020 - Ethics, Policy and Environment 23 (3):261-280.
    We are surrounded by threats of environmental harm whose actual dangers to public health are scientifically unverified. It is widely presumed that under conditions of uncertainty, when it is not possible to foresee the outcomes of our actions, or to calculate the probability they will actually cause harm, we cannot be held culpable for the risks and harms our actions impose on others. It is commonly presumed, that is, that exposing others to what this paper terms ‘uncertain threats’ is (...)
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  30. Note on liouville's theorem and the Heisenberg uncertainty principle.J. H. Van Vleck - 1941 - Philosophy of Science 8 (2):275-279.
    It is well known that, in classical theory, Liouville's theorem shows that if an ensemble of systems is distributed over a small element of volume in phase space, the ensemble fills a region of equal volume at all later instants of time. In quantum mechanics, the uncertainty principle is associated with the products of the errors in conjugate coordinates and momenta, and such products can be interpreted in terms of volume elements in phase space. Comparison of these two facts (...)
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  31.  43
    Not knowing the “right thing to do:” Moral distress and tolerating uncertainty in medicine.Christinia Landry - 2017 - Clinical Ethics 12 (1):37-44.
    The four principles and consequentialism assist in teasing out moral dilemmas in medicine but often fail to account for the texture of our moral experience. In particular, these ethical approaches fail to account for the moral dilemma and the resultant distress. Conversely, by considering the relationships, emotionality, and motivations of human beings, Simone de Beauvoir's ethics of ambiguity furnishes a more robust ethical analysis and encourages a deeper understanding of how we actually negotiate relationships of care in medicine. I argue (...)
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  32.  85
    I don’t know where to look: the impact of intolerance of uncertainty on saccades towards non-predictive emotional face distractors.Jayne Morriss, Eugene McSorley & Carien M. van Reekum - 2017 - Cognition and Emotion 32 (5):953-962.
    ABSTRACTAttentional bias to uncertain threat is associated with anxiety disorders. Here we examine the extent to which emotional face distractors and individual differences in intolerance of uncertainty, impact saccades in two versions of the “follow a cross” task. In both versions of the follow the cross task, the probability of receiving an emotional face distractor was 66.7%. To increase perceived uncertainty regarding the location of the face distractors, in one of the tasks additional non-predictive cues were presented before (...)
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  33.  29
    The Social Dimension of Legal Uncertainty.Frederic Kellogg - 2013 - European Journal of Pragmatism and American Philosophy 5 (2).
    Nineteenth-century references to the syllogism by J. S. Mill and Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr. reveal a distinct approach to the logic of inference in the formative years of pragmatism. In the latter may be found an element of the emergence of generals from particulars. Fallibilism in law and science reflects their social dimension as part of the communal ordering of experience. This implies a distinct approach to uncertainty, as experience yet to be integrated within a developing system of classification.
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  34. Geoengineering in a Climate of Uncertainty.Megan Blomfield - 2015 - In Jeremy Moss, Climate Change and Justice. Cambridge University Press.
    Against the background of continuing inadequacy in global efforts to address climate change and apparent social and political inertia, ever greater interest is being generated in the idea that geoengineering may offer some solution to this problem. I do not take a position, here, on whether or not geoengineering could ever be morally justifiable. My goal in this paper is more modest – but also has broader implications. I aim to show that even if some form of geoengineering might be (...)
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  35.  51
    (1 other version)On the expressivity of feature logics with negation, functional uncertainty, and sort equations.Franz Baader, Hans-Jürgen Bürckert, Bernhard Nebel, Werner Nutt & Gert Smolka - 1993 - Journal of Logic, Language and Information 2 (1):1-18.
    Feature logics are the logical basis for so-called unification grammars studied in computational linguistics. We investigate the expressivity of feature terms with negation and the functional uncertainty construct needed for the description of long-distance dependencies and obtain the following results: satisfiability of feature terms is undecidable, sort equations can be internalized, consistency of sort equations is decidable if there is at least one atom, and consistency of sort equations is undecidable if there is no atom.
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  36.  76
    Introduction to the Special Issue on Climate Ethics: Uncertainty, Values and Policy.Sabine Roeser - 2017 - Science and Engineering Ethics 23 (5):1247-1252.
    Climate change is a pressing phenomenon with huge potential ethical, legal and social policy implications. Climate change gives rise to intricate moral and policy issues as it involves contested science, uncertainty and risk. In order to come to scientifically and morally justified, as well as feasible, policies, targeting climate change requires an interdisciplinary approach. This special issue will identify the main challenges that climate change poses from social, economic, methodological and ethical perspectives by focusing on the complex interrelations between (...)
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  37.  39
    Constraints on the Precautionary Principle and the Problem of Uncertainty.Espen D. Stabell - 2017 - American Journal of Bioethics 17 (3):56-57.
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  38.  36
    Response latency, response uncertainty, information transmitted and the number of available judgmental categories.William Bevan & Lloyd L. Avant - 1968 - Journal of Experimental Psychology 76 (3p1):394.
  39.  37
    French Africa, 1947–48: Reform, Violence, and Uncertainty in a Colonial Situation.Frederick Cooper - 2014 - Critical Inquiry 40 (4):466-478.
  40.  26
    Robust schedules for tardiness optimization in job shop with interval uncertainty.Hernán Díaz, Juan José Palacios, Irene Díaz, Camino R. Vela & Inés González-Rodríguez - 2023 - Logic Journal of the IGPL 31 (2):240-254.
    This paper addresses a variant of the job shop scheduling problem with total tardiness minimization where task durations and due dates are uncertain. This uncertainty is modelled with intervals. Different ranking methods for intervals are considered and embedded into a genetic algorithm. A new robustness measure is proposed to compare the different ranking methods and assess their capacity to predict ‘expected delays’ of jobs. Experimental results show that dealing with uncertainty during the optimization process yields more robust solutions. (...)
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  41.  26
    Burying our mistakes: Dealing with prognostic uncertainty after severe brain injury.Mackenzie Graham - 2020 - Bioethics 34 (6):612-619.
    Prognosis after severe brain injury is highly uncertain, and decisions to withhold or withdraw life‐sustaining treatment are often made prematurely. These decisions are often driven by a desire to avoid a situation where the patient becomes ‘trapped’ in a condition they would find unacceptable. However, this means that a proportion of patients who would have gone on to make a good recovery, are allowed to die. I propose a shift in practice towards the routine provision of aggressive care, even in (...)
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  42.  36
    Death, taxes and uncertainty: Economic motivations in end-of-life decision making.George Slade Mellgard & Jacob M. Appel - 2022 - Clinical Ethics 17 (1):90-94.
    Economic motivations are key drivers of human behavior. Unfortunately, they are largely overlooked in literature related to medical decisionmaking, particularly with regard to end-of-life care. It is widely understood that the directions of a proxy acting in bad faith can be overridden. But what of cases in which the proxy or surrogate appears to be acting in good faith to effectuate the patient’s values, yet doing so directly serves the decision-maker’s financial interests? Such situations are not uncommon. Many patients care (...)
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  43.  51
    Theology and the Heisenberg uncertainty principle: II.Christopher F. Mooney - 1993 - Heythrop Journal 34 (4):373–386.
  44.  45
    Resource certainty or paternity uncertainty?Monique Borgerhoff Mulder - 1985 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 8 (4):677-678.
  45.  21
    The Aesthetics of Uncertainty by wolff, janet.Casey Haskins - 2009 - Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism 67 (4):427-429.
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  46. A possibilistic hierarchical model for behaviour under uncertainty.Gert de Cooman & Peter Walley - 2002 - Theory and Decision 52 (4):327-374.
    Hierarchical models are commonly used for modelling uncertainty. They arise whenever there is a `correct' or `ideal' uncertainty model but the modeller is uncertain about what it is. Hierarchical models which involve probability distributions are widely used in Bayesian inference. Alternative models which involve possibility distributions have been proposed by several authors, but these models do not have a clear operational meaning. This paper describes a new hierarchical model which is mathematically equivalent to some of the earlier, possibilistic (...)
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  47.  18
    Systems Practice: How to Act in Situations of Uncertainty and Complexity by Ray Ison.Karen McClendon - 2019 - World Futures 75 (5-6):376-380.
    Volume 75, Issue 5-6, 2019, Page 376-380.
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  48.  14
    Tensions in the Post-Althusserian Project: Descriptive Indeterminacy and Normative Uncertainty.Geoff Boucher - 2018 - In Tomas Marttila, Discourse, Culture and Organization: Inquiries Into Relational Structures of Power. Springer Verlag. pp. 299-322.
    The chapter presents Laclau and Mouffe’s theory and then outlines some of the most important criticism of their discourse analysis. After a brief summary of key terms, such as hegemonic articulation and constitutive outside, the chapter positions Laclau and Mouffe within the post-Althusserian moment, arguing that they inherit certain unresolved problems from this origin. The first problem concerns the application of categories derived from the theory of ideology to the entirety of the social field, which leads to what the chapter (...)
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  49.  20
    The Problem(s) with Representing Decision Processes under Uncertainty.Gilbert Skillman & Roberto Veneziani - 2023 - Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 46 (3):420-439.
    Underscoring the economic significance of the Knightian distinction between risk and uncertainty, Don Katzner forcefully challenges the continued dominance of the expected utility model based on subjective probability in macroeconomic analysis and offers in its place a simple yet elegant model of decision making inspired by the pioneering work of G.L.S. Shackle. In doing so, Katzner lends support to a research program to identify a more coherent and empirically grounded theory of decision making under uncertainty. Our paper makes (...)
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  50.  66
    A note on decisions under uncertainty: the impact of the choice of the welfare measure.Andreas Lange - 2001 - Theory and Decision 51 (1):51-71.
    The paper addresses the question, how policy decisions under uncertainty depend on the underlying welfare concept. We study three different welfare measures: The first is directly based on the ex ante (expected) utility of a representative consumer whereas the second relies on an ex ante and the third on an ex post valuation of policy changes compared to the status quo. We show that decisions based on these measures coincide if and only if risk-neutral expected utility maximization is applied. (...)
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