New manuscripts

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Sep 27th 2023 GMT
Manuscripts
  1. Consciousness and self-location.Yu Feng - manuscript
  2. Speculative Philosophy of Science vs. Logical Positivism: Preliminary Round.Joel Katzav - manuscript
    I outline the theoretical framework of, and three research programs within, American speculative philosophy of science during the period 1900-1931. One program applies verificationism to research in psychology, one investigates the methodology of research programs, and one analyses scientific explanation and other scientific concepts. The primary sources for my outline are works by Morris Raphael Cohen, Grace Andrus de Laguna, Theodore de Laguna, Edgar Arthur Singer Jr., Harold Smart, and Marie Collins Swabey. I also use my outline to provide a (...)
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Sep 26th 2023 GMT
forthcoming articles
  1. Can Artificial Intelligence Make Art?: Folk Intuitions as to whether AI-driven Robots Can Be Viewed as Artists and Produce Art.Elzė Sigutė Mikalonytė & Markus Https://Orcidorg Kneer
    In two experiments (total N=693) we explored whether people are willing to consider paintings made by AI-driven robots as art, and robots as artists. Across the two experiments, we manipulated three factors: (i) agent type (AI-driven robot v. human agent), (ii) behavior type (intentional creation of a painting v. accidental creation), and (iii) object type (abstract v. representational painting). We found that people judge robot paintings and human paintings as art to roughly the same extent. However, people are much less (...)
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Manuscripts
  1.  10
    The Detoxification of Desire.Gerald Hull - manuscript
    Agency is an amazing thing: it transduces cognitivity into causality, it makes thought real. How it does so has been a matter of considerable dispute, the resolution of which has been hampered by moral complications. The supposition of a rational basis for morality can play an essential role in clarifying agency by providing a ground for legitimizing the objects of desire and the motivation they provide. The four-stage model of agency presented here – deliberation, calculation, activation and completion – emerges (...)
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  2.  16
    A quadrilemma for theories of consciousness.Christian List - manuscript
    In this discussion paper, I argue that no theory of consciousness can simultaneously respect four initially plausible metaphysical claims – namely, “first-person realism”, “non-solipsism”, “non-fragmentation”, and “one world” – but that any three of the four claims are mutually consistent. So, theories of consciousness face a “quadrilemma”. Since it will be hard to achieve a consensus on which of the four claims to retain and which to give up, we arrive at a landscape of competing theories, all of which have (...)
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  3.  17
    Three mistakes in the moral mathematics of existential risk.David Thorstad - manuscript
    Longtermists have recently argued that it is overwhelmingly important to do what we can to mitigate existential risks to humanity. I consider three mistakes that are often made in calculating the value of existential risk mitigation: focusing on cumulative risk rather than period risk; ignoring background risk; and neglecting population dynamics. I show how correcting these mistakes pushes the value of existential risk mitigation substantially below leading estimates, potentially low enough to threaten the normative case for existential risk mitigation. I (...)
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Sep 25th 2023 GMT
Manuscripts
  1.  19
    Is Endurantism the Folk Friendly View of Persistence?Samuel Baron, Andrew Latham & Kristie Miller - manuscript
    Many philosophers have thought that our folk, or pre-reflective, view of persistence is one on which objects endure. This assumption not only plays a role in disputes about the nature of persistence itself, but is also put to use in several other areas of metaphysics, including debates about the nature of change and temporal passage. In this paper, we empirically test three broad claims. First, that most people (i.e. most non-philosophers) believe that, and it seems to them as though, objects (...)
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  2.  88
    When is a brain organoid a sentience candidate?Jonathan Birch - manuscript
    It would be unwise to dismiss the possibility of human brain organoids developing sentience. However, scepticism about this idea is appropriate when considering current organoids. It is a point of consensus that a brainstem-dead human is not sentient, and current organoids lack a functioning brainstem. There are nonetheless troubling early warning signs, suggesting organoid research may create forms of sentience in the near future. To err on the side of caution, researchers with very different views about the neural basis of (...)
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  3.  16
    Réplica a um argumento jus-positivista.Ricardo Tavares da Silva - manuscript
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Sep 24th 2023 GMT
Manuscripts
  1.  4
    Taking the morality out of happiness.Markus Https://Orcidorg Kneer & Dan Haybron - unknown
    In an important and widely discussed series of studies, Jonathan Phillips and colleagues have suggested that the ordinary concept of happiness has a substantial moral component. For in- stance, two persons who enjoy the same extent of positive emotions and are equally satisfied with their lives are judged as happy to different degrees if one is less moral than the other. Considering that the relation between morality and happiness or self-interest has been one of the central questions of moral philosophy (...)
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Sep 23rd 2023 GMT
Manuscripts
  1.  28
    LA COHERENCIA EN LA ARGUMENTACIÓN JURÍDICA.Amalia Amaya - manuscript
  2.  62
    Debating Powers: Where the Real Puzzle Lies.Samuel Kimpton-Nye - manuscript
    Stephen Mumford and Alexander Bird disagree about which properties are powers and, correspondingly, about the extent of the philosophical work to which powers may be put. Unfortunately, there is an important respect in which these authors are talking past each other and so the reason for their disagreement remains obscured. I highlight what has gone wrong in their recent exchange, attempt to clear up the confusion and pinpoint the true source of their disagreement. My hope is to redirect the efforts (...)
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  3.  61
    Tác động của yếu tố xã hội đến phản ứng của nhà đầu tư chứng khoán cá nhân trong khủng hoảng: bằng chứng từ Trung Quốc và Việt Nam.Nguyễn Phương Tri, Nguyễn Văn Quý, Giang Hoàng & Nguyễn Minh Hoàng - manuscript
    Cảm xúc là yếu tố cơ bản thúc đẩy con người đưa ra quyết định và xử lý thông tin. Sợ hãi là một trong những cảm xúc phổ biến nhất ảnh hưởng đến hành vi của nhà đầu tư cá nhân trên thị trường chứng khoán. Mặc dù nhiều nghiên cứu đã được thực hiện để khám phá tác động của nỗi sợ hãi đối với hiệu quả đầu tư và hành vi giao dịch của nhà đầu tư cá (...)
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Sep 22nd 2023 GMT
New books
  1.  3
    The problem of mental responsibility: outlines of an ethics of mind.Sebastian Schmidt - 2022 - Dissertation, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
    The dissertation is mainly concerned with the following question: How can we be responsible for our attitudes? Traditional formulations of the philosophical problem underlying this question see it as a conflict between responsibility and the absence of voluntary control. I interpret it, by contrast, as a problem about the responsibility that we have for being (ir)rational. To illuminate this responsibility, I engage in discussions about the normative status of object-given reasons for attitudes, present a novel case against pragmatism about reasons (...)
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forthcoming articles
  1. Notions of arbitrariness.Luca Gasparri, Piera Filippi, Markus Wild & Hans Johann Https://Orcidorg909X Glock
    Arbitrariness is a distinctive feature of human language, and a growing body of comparative work is investigating its presence in animal communication. But what is arbitrariness, exactly? We propose to distinguish four notions of semiotic arbitrariness: a notion of opaque association between sign forms and semiotic functions, one of sign-function mapping optionality, one of acquisition-dependent sign-function coupling, and one of lack of motivatedness. We characterize these notions, illustrate the benefits of keeping them apart, and describe two reactions to our proposal: (...)
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  2. Human control redressed: comparing AI and human predictability in a real-effort task.Serhiy Https://Orcidorg Kandul, Vincent Micheli, Juliane Beck, Thomas Burri, François Https://Orcidorg Fleuret, Markus Https://Orcidorg Kneer & Markus Christen
    Predictability is a prerequisite for effective human control of artificial intelligence (AI). The inability to predict malfunctioning of AI, for example, impedes timely human intervention. In this paper, we empirically investigate how AI’s predictability compares to the predictability of humans in a real-effort task. We show that humans are worse at predicting AI performance than at predicting human performance. Importantly, participants are not aware of the differences in relative predictability of AI and overestimate their prediction skills. These results raise doubts (...)
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  3. Residential integration on fair terms for the disadvantaged.Hwa Young Kim & Andrew Walton
    This article contributes to normative debates about residential segregation and its relationship to inequality. It defends a position often disregarded in literature: that there is merit to advancing residential integration through some scenarios where advantaged individuals move to disadvantaged areas. It develops this case in dialogue with three other views. In relation to advocates of addressing the inequalities of residential segregation through redistribution, it defends integration as a means of tackling social and political factors that sustain injustice. It challenges those (...)
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  4. Not more than a feeling: An experimental investigation into the folk concept of happiness.Kevin Https://Orcidorg Reuter, Michael Https://Orcidorg Messerli & Luca Https://Orcidorg Barlassina
    Affect-based theorists and life satisfaction theorists disagree about the nature of happiness, but agree about this methodological principle: a philosophical theory of happiness should be in line with the folk concept HAPPINESS. In this article, we present two empirical studies indicating that it is affect-based theories that get the folk concept HAPPINESS right: competent speakers judge a person to be happy if and only if that person is described as feeling pleasure/good most of the time. Our studies also show that (...)
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  5. Reading minds or reading scripts?: de-intellectualising theory of mind.Derry Taylor, Gökhan Https://Orcidorg Gönül, Cameron Alexander, Klaus Https://Orcidorg088X Zuberbühler, Fabrice Clément & Hans-Johann Https://Orcidorg909X Glock
    Understanding the origins of human social cognition is a central challenge in contemporary science. In recent decades, the idea of a ‘Theory of Mind’ (ToM) has emerged as the most popular way of explaining unique features of human social cognition. This default view has been progressively undermined by research on ‘implicit’ ToM, which suggests that relevant precursor abilities may already be present in preverbal human infants and great apes. However, this area of research suffers from conceptual difficulties and empirical limitations, (...)
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  6. The Role of Certainty in a Two-Person Volunteer’s Dilemma.Daniel Https://Orcidorg624X Villiger, Johannes Https://Orcidorg Ullrich & Joachim Israel Krueger
    In the standard volunteer’s dilemma (VoD), a single prosocial act (i.e., volunteering) yields the optimal overall outcome. Whereas the volunteer’s outcome is certain, the defector’s outcome depends on what others do. This research addressed the confounding of prosocial responses with uncertainty avoidance in the standard VoD. In Experiment 1, participants (N = 102) considered 18 hypothetical one-shot two-person VoD scenarios with certain, risky, and uncertain outcomes when volunteering. In Experiment 2, participants (N = 496) considered three hypothetical one-shot two-person VoD (...)
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volume 41, issue 1, 2022
  1. “If relatives inherited the gene, they should inherit the data.” Bringing the family into the room where bioethics happens.Deborah R. Gordon & Barbara A. Koenig
    Biological kin share up to half of their genetic material, including predisposition to disease. Thus, variants of clinical significance identified in each individual’s genome can implicate an exponential number of relatives at potential risk. This has renewed the dilemma over family access to research participant’s genetic results, since prevailing US practices treat these as private, controlled by the individual. These individual-based ethics contrast with the family-based ethics – in which genetic information, privacy, and autonomy are considered to be familial – (...)
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  2. In Memoriam of Andrew Webster.Richard Tutton, Adam Hedgecoe, Gareth Thomas, Ros Williams & Clancy Pegg
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volume 41, issue 2, 2022
  1. “Idealists and capitalists”: ownership attitudes and preferences in genomic citizen science.Christi J. Guerrini, Jorge L. Contreras, Whitney Bash Brooks, Isabel Canfield, Meredith Trejo & Amy L. McGuire
    The perspectives of genomic citizen scientists on ownership of research outputs are not well understood, yet they are useful for identifying alignment of participant expectations and project practices and can help guide efforts to develop innovative tools and strategies for managing ownership claims. Here, we report findings from 52 interviews conducted in 2018 and 2019 to understand genomic citizen science stakeholders’ conceptualizations of, experiences with, and preferences for ownership of research outputs. Interviewees identified four approaches for recognizing genomic citizen scientists’ (...)
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  2. Bio-imperialism. Disease, terror and the construction of national fragility: by Gwen Shuni D’Arcangelis, New Brunswick, London, Camden and Newark, NJ, Rutgers University Press, 2021, Pp 228+ix, paperback $29.95. [REVIEW]John Harrington
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volume 42, issue 1, 2023
  1. Intrinsic responsible innovation in a synthetic biology research project.Ken Taylor, Simon Woods, Alex Johns & Heath Murray
    This paper presents, from the perspectives of both social scientists and microbiologists, a case study of the implementation and practice of Responsible Innovation (RI) in a UK-based synthetic biology project. We highlight the impact of interdisciplinary working and examine the benefits that arise from creating the time and space for shared reflection on research. Our discussions over the course of the project included concerns about the potential escape to the environment of laboratory-constructed genetic material and alternatives to the role that (...)
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Manuscripts
  1. Who whom? Uptake and radical self-silencing.Maximilian De Gaynesford - unknown
    Radical self-silencing is a particular variety of speech act disablement where the subject silences themselves, whether knowingly or not, because of their own faults or deficiencies. The paper starts with some concrete cases and preparatory comments to help orient and motivate the investigation. It then offers a summary analysis, drawing on a small number of basic concepts to identify its five individually necessary and jointly sufficient conditions and discriminating their two basic forms, ‘internalist’ and ‘externalist’. The paper then explicates and (...)
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  2. Goodness (the good, the Agathon).Rafael Ferber - 2023 - In .
    This is a revised short overview of Plato’s “greatest thing to be learned” or the “greatest lesson” (megiston mathêma) – the Idea of the Good.
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  3. Socrates' "Flight into the Logoi": a non-standard interpretation of the founding document of Plato's dialectic.Rafael Ferber - 2023 - In .
    The paper proposes (1.) a non-standard interpretation of the proverbial expression “deuteros plous” by giving a fresh look to Phaedo, 99c9-d1. Then (2.) it proceeds to the philosophical problem raised in this passage according to this interpretation, that is, the problem of the “hypothesis” or the “unproved principle”. It indicates finally (3.) the kernel of truth contained in the standard Interpretation and it concludes with some remarks on the “weakness of the logoi”.
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  4. Reply to Dahl (2023): moral content is varied, and premature definitions should not constrain it.Roger Giner-Sorolla, Simon Myers & Joshua Rottman - unknown
    To propose a clear psychological definition of morality is no easy task, and Dahl (2023) is to be commended here for not only doing so, but leaving an explicit paper trail of traits deemed desirable for any such proposal. However, while a rationale for calling phenomena “moral” would be useful, is it really as vital for the conduct of research as Dahl presumes? We instead argue that the definition of the term “morality” is not always a task of scientific definition (...)
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  5. Reflections and replies.Hans-Johann Https://Orcidorg909X Glock - 2022 - In .
    This chapter replies to and reflects on the comments and discussions provided by the contributors to the festschrift.
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  6. Strawson and non-revisionary naturalism.Hans-Johann Https://Orcidorg909X Glock - 2022 - In .
    In Scepticism and Naturalism Strawson characterized his position as a form of naturalism. Not even in that work, however, did he subscribe to any standardly recognized types of naturalism (ontological, epistemological, meta-philosophical). Strawson’s naturalism, as far as it goes, is anthropological instead of scientific, and descriptive rather than revisionary. It insists that central features of our common-sense conceptual scheme are part of our human nature and therefore immune to naturalization by either reduction or elimination. My contribution explores both strengths and (...)
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  7. Strategic Choices for Switzerland in the US-China Competition.Simona Alba Https://Orcidorg Grano & Ralph Weber - 2023 - In .
    This chapter explores the case of Switzerland as a “small power” in the currently emerging new world order. Particularly, we address the Swiss position amid the growing strategic competition between the United States (US) and the People’s Republic of China (PRC) and given its long-standing but evolving practice of neutrality. In our chapter, we set off by discussing Switzerland’s foreign policy positioning against the backdrop of three theoretical perspectives: Switzerland as a state like all others; Switzerland as a small state; (...)
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  8. Reasonableness on the Clapham Omnibus: Exploring the Outcome-Sensitive Folk Concept of Reasonable.Markus Https://Orcidorg Kneer - 2022 - In .
    The reasonable person standard is of great importance to US criminal and tort law. According to the law, whether or not an agent acted reasonably does not depend on features of the outcome which are not under her control. Mock juror attributions of reasonableness, however, are shown to be outcome-dependent. A series of experiments reveals that this outcome-dependence does not constitute a bias, since the very folk concept of reasonableness is outcome-sensitive. Consequently, the law makes a mistaken assumption as to (...)
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  9. Authenticity in the ethics of human enhancement.Muriel Leuenberger - 2023 - In .
    Authenticity has been recognized as a central concept in the ethics of human enhancement. In the last decade, a plethora of novel distinctions, specifications, and definitions of authenticity have been added to the debate. This chapter takes a step back and maps the different accounts of authenticity to provide a nuanced taxonomy of authenticity and reveal the emerging underlying structures of this concept. This chapter identifies three kinds of conditions for authentic creation and change of the true self (coherence, endorsement, (...)
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  10. Introduction - Wittgenstein and Beyond.Christoph Caspar Https://Orcidorg Pfisterer, Eva Schmidt & Nicole Https://Orcidorg Rathgeb - 2022 - In .
    The introduction charts Hans-Johann Glock’s academic career, introduces some of his core philosophical views, and provides an overview of the chapters included in the festschrift.
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  11. Human extinction from a Thomist perspective.Stefan Https://Orcidorg Riedener - 2022 - In .
    “Existential risks” are risks that threaten the destruction of humanity’s long-term potential: risks ofnuclear wars, pandemics, supervolcano eruptions, and so on. On standard utilitarianism, it seems, thereduction of such risks should be a key global priority today. Many effective altruists agree with thisverdict. But how should the importance of these risks be assessed on a Christian moral theory? Inthis paper, I begin to answer this question – taking Thomas Aquinas as a reference, and the risks ofanthropogenic extinction as an example. (...)
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  12. Introduction - Effective Altruism and Religion.Dominic Roser & Stefan Https://Orcidorg Riedener - 2022 - In .
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  13. Review of: "Femmes finales: natural selection, physiology, and the return of the repressed". [REVIEW]Peter Https://Orcidorg288X Schulte - unknown
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  14. Essays on Transformative Experiences.Daniel Https://Orcidorg624X Villiger - unknown
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  15.  5
    Moral certainties – subjective, objective, objectionable?Hans-Johann Glock, Cecilie Eriksen, Julia Hermann, Neil O'Hara & Nigel Pleasants - 2022 - In Glock, Hans-Johann (2022). Moral certainties – subjective, objective, objectionable? In: Eriksen, Cecilie; Hermann, Julia; O'Hara, Neil; Pleasants, Nigel. Philosophical perspectives on moral certainty. New York: Routledge, Taylor&Francis Group, 171-191. pp. 171-191.
    The idea of moral certainties is venerable, highly contentious, and nevertheless alive. What I call “hinge ethics” (in analogy to hinge epistemology) combines three currents – meta-ethical concerns about the scope and limits of moral knowledge and objectivity, the idea of limits of doubt as articulated in On Certainty, and sympathies for Wittgensteinian ideas about ethics. This essay critically assesses hinge ethics, focusing on Nigel Pleasants’ work. My main objection is not that Wittgensteinian ideas about certainty cannot be transferred from (...)
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  16.  3
    Friendship and special obligations.Joerg Loeschke & Diane Jeske - 2022 - In Loeschke, Joerg (2022). Friendship and special obligations. In: Jeske, Diane. The routledge handbook of philosophy of friendship. New York: Routledge, 288-300. pp. 288-300.
    An important part of friendships are the so-called special obligations generated by them. Friends owe things to each other that they do not owe to strangers. While such special obligations are an important part of our everyday practice, they raise several philosophical questions. These questions include the status of special obligations (are such obligations sui generis or is it possible to reduce them to general moral principles?), the source of such special obligations (what grounds special obligations of friendship?), and the (...)
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  17.  24
    Virtue Ethics and Action Guidance.Joshua Duclos - manuscript
    Virtue ethics has been dogged by the objection that it lacks the ability to provide adequate action-guidance, that it is agent-centered rather act-centered. Virtue ethics has also been faulted for devolving into moral cultural relativism. Rosalind Hursthouse has presented an action-based, naturalistic theory of virtue ethics intended to defuse these charges. Despite its merits, I argue that Hurthouse’s theory fails to successfully solve the problems associated with action guidance and relativism precisely because her attempt to provide a non-cultural basis for (...)
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  18. Pictorial language and linguistics.Emar Maier - manuscript
    A language is a system of signs used for communication, and linguists are tasked with, among other things, uncovering the syntax and semantics of such systems. In this paper I explore to what extent pictures fit this characterization of a language and hence would fall within the domain of linguistics. I conclude that at the very least there are well-defined systems of depiction for which we can give a precise semantics, in a familiar possible worlds framework, although pictorial propositions are (...)
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  19.  30
    A Solution to the Hard Problem of Consciousness: Complexity and Story.Maxson J. McDowell - manuscript
    Three decades after Chalmers (1995) named it, neither neuroscientists nor philosophers have found a convincing solution to the ‘hard problem’ of conscious subjective experience. Complexity theory suggests a solution and biology provides a model system that makes complexity intuitively accessible. Biological dynamic systems interact according to simple rules (while the environment provides simple constraints) and thus self-organize to create a new dynamic system at the next higher level of complexity. This cycle repeats several times to generate a hierarchy of levels. (...)
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  20.  9
    Transparency on underlying values is needed for useful equity measurements.Adam Pollack, Casey Helgeson, Carolyn Kousky & Klaus Keller - manuscript
    Decision-makers increasingly invoke equity to motivate, design, implement, and evaluate strategies for managing flood risks. But there is no objective definition of equity. This pluralistic setting calls for transparency about underlying values, but this practice is uncommon. Here, we review how equity is measured by surveying peer-reviewed publications that explicitly state an interest in equity in the context of flood-risk management. We develop a simple taxonomy for how transparent measurements can be defined. We map reviewed measurements to this taxonomy. Finally, (...)
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Sep 21st 2023 GMT
volume 54, issue 3, 2023
  1.  17
    Direct Inference and Probabilistic Accounts of Induction.Jon Williamson
    Schurz (2019, ch. 4) argues that probabilistic accounts of induction fail. In particular, he criticises probabilistic accounts of induction that appeal to direct inference principles, including subjective Bayesian approaches (e.g., Howson 2000) and objective Bayesian approaches (see, e.g., Williamson 2017). In this paper, I argue that Schurz’ preferred direct inference principle, namely Reichenbach’s Principle of the Narrowest Reference Class, faces formidable problems in a standard probabilistic setting. Furthermore, the main alternative direct inference principle, Lewis’ Principal Principle, is also hard to (...)
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Sep 20th 2023 GMT
Manuscripts
  1.  95
    The argument for near-term human disempowerment through AI.Leonard Dung - manuscript
    Many researchers and intellectuals warn about extreme risks from artificial intelligence. However, these warnings typically came without systematic arguments in support. This paper provides an argument that AI will lead to the permanent disempowerment of humanity, e.g. human extinction, by 2100. It rests on four substantive premises which it motivates and defends: First, the speed of advances in AI capability, as well as the capability level current systems have already reached, suggest that it is practically possible to build AI systems (...)
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1 — 50 / 113