Results for 'Francesco Muzzioli'

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  1.  74
    Preferences: neither behavioural nor mental.Francesco Guala - 2019 - Economics and Philosophy 35 (3):383-401.
    Recent debates on the nature of preferences in economics have typically assumed that they are to be interpreted either as behavioural regularities or as mental states. In this paper I challenge this dichotomy and argue that neither interpretation is consistent with scientific practice in choice theory and behavioural economics. Preferences are belief-dependent dispositions with a multiply realizable causal basis, which explains why economists are reluctant to make a commitment about their interpretation.
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  2. Reciprocity: Weak or strong? What punishment experiments do (and do not) demonstrate.Francesco Guala - 2012 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 35 (1):1-15.
    Economists and biologists have proposed a distinction between two mechanisms – “strong” and “weak” reciprocity – that may explain the evolution of human sociality. Weak reciprocity theorists emphasize the benefits of long-term cooperation and the use of low-cost strategies to deter free-riders. Strong reciprocity theorists, in contrast, claim that cooperation in social dilemma games can be sustained by costly punishment mechanisms, even in one-shot and finitely repeated games. To support this claim, they have generated a large body of evidence concerning (...)
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  3.  59
    Cognitive penetrability and emotion recognition in human facial expressions.Francesco Marchi & Albert Newen - 2015 - Frontiers in Psychology 6.
  4.  99
    Experimental localism and external validity.Francesco Guala - 2003 - Philosophy of Science 70 (5):1195-1205.
    Experimental “localism” stresses the importance of context‐specific knowledge, and the limitations of universal theories in science. I illustrate Latour's radical approach to localism and show that it has some unpalatable consequences, in particular the suggestion that problems of external validity (or how to generalize experimental results to nonlaboratory circumstances) cannot be solved. In the last part of the paper I try to sketch a solution to the problem of external validity by extending Mayo's error‐probabilistic approach.
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  5.  24
    Formal Issues of Trope-Only Theories of Universals.Francesco Maria Ferrari - 2022 - Erkenntnis 89 (3):919-946.
    The paper discusses some formal difficulties concerning the theory of universals of Trope-Only ontologies, from which the formal theory of predication advanced by Trope-Only theorists seems to be irremediably affected. It is impossible to lay out a successful defense of a Trope-Only theory without Russellian types, but such types are ontologically inconsistent with tropes’ nominalism. Historically, Tropists’ first way to avoid the problem is appealing to the supervenience claim, which however fails on its terms and, thus, fails as a ground (...)
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  6.  81
    Extrapolation, Analogy, and Comparative Process Tracing.Francesco Guala - 2010 - Philosophy of Science 77 (5):1070-1082.
    Comparative process tracing is the best analysis of extrapolation inferences in the philosophical and scientific literature so far. In this essay I examine some similarities and differences between comparative process tracing and former attempts to capture the logic of extrapolation, such as the analogical approach. I show that these accounts are not different in spirit, although comparative process tracing supersedes previous proposals in terms of analytical detail. I also examine some qualms about the possibility of drawing extrapolation inferences in the (...)
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  7. The Philosophy of Social Science: Metaphysical and Empirical.Francesco Guala - 2007 - Philosophy Compass 2 (6):954-980.
    opinionated survey paper to be published in the Blackwell’s Philosophy Compass.
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  8. A Political Justification of Nudging.Francesco Guala & Luigi Mittone - 2015 - Review of Philosophy and Psychology 6 (3):385-395.
    Thaler and Sunstein justify nudge policies from welfaristic premises: nudges are acceptable because they benefit the individuals who are nudged. A tacit assumption behind this strategy is that we can identify the true preferences of decision-makers. We argue that this assumption is often unwarranted, and that as a consequence nudge policies must be justified in a different way. A possible strategy is to abandon welfarism and endorse genuine paternalism. Another one is to argue that the biases of decision that choice (...)
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  9. Has Game Theory Been Refuted?Francesco Guala - 2006 - Journal of Philosophy 103 (5):239-263.
    The answer in a nutshell is: Yes, five years ago, but nobody has noticed. Nobody noticed because the majority of social scientists subscribe to one of the following views: (1) the ‘anomalous’ behaviour observed in standard prisoner’s dilemma or ultimatum game experiments has refuted standard game theory a long time ago; (2) game theory is flexible enough to accommodate any observed choices by ‘refining’ players’ preferences; or (3) it is just a piece of pure mathematics (a tautology). None of these (...)
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  10.  47
    Reciprocity: Weak or strong? What punishment experiments do (and do not) demonstrate.Francesco Guala - 2012 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 35 (1):1-15.
    Economists and biologists have proposed a distinction between two mechanisms – “strong” and “weak” reciprocity – that may explain the evolution of human sociality. Weak reciprocity theorists emphasize the benefits of long-term cooperation and the use of low-cost strategies to deter free-riders. Strong reciprocity theorists, in contrast, claim that cooperation in social dilemma games can be sustained by costly punishment mechanisms, even in one-shot and finitely repeated games. To support this claim, they have generated a large body of evidence concerning (...)
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  11.  36
    Social kinds: historical and multi-functional.Francesco Guala - 2023 - European Journal for Philosophy of Science 13 (3):1-15.
    The notion of multi-functional kind is introduced to explain how social scientists may be able to draw inferences across historically unrelated societies or cultures. Multi-functional kinds are neither eternal nor purely historical, support non-trivial inductive generalisations, and allow to overcome scepticism about the inductive potential of multiply realised (functional) properties. Two examples, from monetary economics and anthropology, provide support for a pluralistic ontology of the social world.
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  12.  56
    Building economic machines: The FCC auctions.Francesco Guala - 2001 - Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part A 32 (3):453-477.
    The auctions of the Federal Communication Commission, designed in 1994 to sell spectrum licences, are one of the few widely acclaimed and copied cases of economic engineering to date. This paper includes a detailed narrative of the process of designing, testing and implementing the FCC auctions, focusing in particular on the role played by game theoretical modelling and laboratory experimentation. Some general remarks about the scope, interpretation and use of rational choice models open and conclude the paper.
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  13. The normativity of Lewis Conventions.Francesco Guala - 2013 - Synthese 190 (15):3107-3122.
    David Lewis famously proposed to model conventions as solutions to coordination games, where equilibrium selection is driven by precedence, or the history of play. A characteristic feature of Lewis Conventions is that they are intrinsically non-normative. Some philosophers have argued that for this reason they miss a crucial aspect of our folk notion of convention. It is doubtful however that Lewis was merely analysing a folk concept. I illustrate how his theory can (and must) be assessed using empirical data, and (...)
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  14. Paradigmatic experiments: The ultimatum game from testing to measurement device.Francesco Guala - 2008 - Philosophy of Science 75 (5):658-669.
    The Ultimatum Game is one of the most successful experimental designs in the history of the social sciences. In this article I try to explain this success—what makes it a “paradigmatic experiment”—stressing in particular its versatility. Despite the intentions of its inventors, the Ultimatum Game was never a good design to test economic theory, and it is now mostly used as a heuristic tool for the observation of nonstandard preferences or as a “social thermometer” for the observation of culture‐specific norms. (...)
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  15.  16
    Ethics, Rationality, and Economic Behaviour.Francesco Farina, Frank Hahn & Stefano Vannucci (eds.) - 1996 - New York: Oxford University Press UK.
    The connection between economics and ethics is as old as economics itself, and central to both disciplines. It is an issue that has recently attracted much interest from economists and philosophers. The connection is, in part, a result of the desire of economists to make policy prescriptions, which clearly require some normative criteria. More deeply, much economic theory is founded on the assumption of utility maximization, thereby creating an immediate connection between the foundations of economics and the philosophical literature on (...)
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  16.  7
    Contributions of expected learning progress and perceptual novelty to curiosity-driven exploration.Francesco Poli, Marlene Meyer, Rogier B. Mars & Sabine Hunnius - 2022 - Cognition 225 (C):105119.
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  17.  51
    Experiments as Mediators in the Non-Laboratory Sciences.Francesco Guala - 1998 - Philosophica 62 (2).
  18.  85
    Money as an Institution and Money as an Object.Francesco Guala - 2020 - Journal of Social Ontology 6 (2):265-279.
    The folk conception of money as an object is not a promising starting point to develop general, explanatory metaphysical accounts of the social world. A theory of institutions as rules in equilibrium is more consistent with scientific theories of money, is able to shed light on the folk view, and side-steps some unnecessary puzzles.
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  19.  62
    Artefacts in experimental economics: Preference reversals and the becker–degroot–marschak mechanism.Francesco Guala - 2000 - Economics and Philosophy 16 (1):47-75.
    Controversies in economics often fizzle out unresolved. One reason is that, despite their professed empiricism, economists find it hard to agree on the interpretation of the relevant empirical evidence. In this paper I will present an example of a controversial issue first raised and then solved by recourse to laboratory experimentation. A major theme of this paper, then, concerns the methodological advantages of controlled experiments. The second theme is the nature of experimental artefacts and of the methods devised to detect (...)
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  20.  26
    E-Synthesis: A Bayesian Framework for Causal Assessment in Pharmacosurveillance.Francesco De Pretis, Jürgen Landes & Barbara Osimani - 2019 - Frontiers in Pharmacology 10.
    Background: Evidence suggesting adverse drug reactions often emerges unsystematically and unpredictably in form of anecdotal reports, case series and survey data. Safety trials and observational studies also provide crucial information regarding the (un-)safety of drugs. Hence, integrating multiple types of pharmacovigilance evidence is key to minimising the risks of harm. Methods: In previous work, we began the development of a Bayesian framework for aggregating multiple types of evidence to assess the probability of a putative causal link between drugs and side (...)
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  21.  40
    Critical notice.Francesco Guala - 2006 - Economics and Philosophy 22 (3):429-439.
    The title of this book is rather misleading. “Birth of neoliberal governmentality,” or something like that, would have been more faithful to its contents. In Foucault's vocabulary, “biopolitics” is the “rationalisation” of “governmentality” : it's the theory, in other words, as opposed to the art of managing people. The mismatch between title and content is easily explained: the general theme of the courses at the Collège de France had to be announced at the beginning of each academic year. It is (...)
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  22.  43
    Artificiality, Reactivity, and Demand Effects in Experimental Economics.Maria Jimenez-Buedo & Francesco Guala - 2016 - Philosophy of the Social Sciences 46 (1):3-23.
    A series of recent debates in experimental economics have associated demand effects with the artificiality of the experimental setting and have linked it to the problem of external validity. In this paper, we argue that these associations can be misleading, partly because of the ambiguity with which “artificiality” has been defined, but also because demand effects and external validity are related in complex ways. We argue that artificiality may be directly as well as inversely correlated with demand effects. We also (...)
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  23. Ambiguous Articles: An Essay On The Theory Of Descriptions.Francesco Pupa - 2008 - Dissertation, The Graduate Center, Cuny
    What, from a semantic perspective, is the difference between singular indefinite and definite descriptions? Just over a century ago, Russell provided what has become the standard philosophical response. Descriptions are quantifier phrases, not referring expressions. As such, they differ with respect to the quantities they denote. Indefinite descriptions denote existential quantities; definite descriptions denote uniquely existential quantities. Now around the 1930s and 1940s, some linguists, working independently of philosophers, developed a radically different response. Descriptions, linguists such as Jespersen held, were (...)
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  24.  71
    Embedded Definite Descriptions: A Novel Solution to a Familiar Problem.Francesco Pupa - 2013 - Pacific Philosophical Quarterly 94 (3):290-314.
    Paul Elbourne claims that Russellians cannot accommodate the behavior of certain embedded definite descriptions. Since Fregeans can handle such descriptions, Elbourne urges theorists to reject Russell's theory in favor of Frege's. Here, I show that such descriptions pose no threat to Russellianism. These descriptions, I argue, are neutral between the two camps.
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  25.  61
    Linguistic Justice and Analytic Philosophy.Francesco Chiesa & Anna Elisabetta Galeotti - 2018 - Philosophical Papers 47 (1):155-182.
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  26.  38
    The argument from convention revisited.Francesco Pupa - 2018 - Synthese 195 (5):2175-2204.
    The argument from convention contends that the regular use of definite descriptions as referential devices strongly implies that a referential semantic convention underlies such usage. On the presumption that definite descriptions also participate in a quantificational semantic convention, the argument from convention has served as an argument for the thesis that the English definite article is ambiguous. Here, I revisit this relatively new argument. First, I address two recurring criticisms of the argument from convention: its alleged tendency to overgenerate and (...)
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  27. Syntax and Interpretation.Francesco Pupa & Erika Troseth - 2011 - Mind and Language 26 (2):185-209.
    In his book Language in Context, Jason Stanley provides a novel solution to certain interpretational puzzles (Stanley, 2007). The aphonic approach, as we call it, hangs upon a substantial syntactic thesis. Here, we provide theoretical and empirical arguments against this particular syntactic thesis. Moreover, we demonstrate that the interpretational puzzles under question admit of a better solution under the explicit approach.
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  28.  4
    Nel crepuscolo della probabilità: ragione ed esperienza nella filosofia sociale di John Locke.Francesco Fagiani - 1983 - Napoli: Bibliopolis.
  29. Agostino Cera, Io con Tu. Karl Löwith e la possibilità di una Mitanthropologie.Francesco Ferrari - 2011 - Rivista di Storia Della Filosofia 66 (2):381.
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  30. A genius for legislation Bentham's 'art and science' of legislation and modern legisprudence.Francesco Ferraro - 2022 - In Philip Schofield & Xiaobo Zhai (eds.), Bentham on democracy, courts, and codification. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
     
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  31. A genius for legislation Bentham's 'art and science' of legislation and modern legisprudence.Francesco Ferraro - 2022 - In Philip Schofield & Xiaobo Zhai (eds.), Bentham on democracy, courts, and codification. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
     
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  32. Cartography of the Mind: Philosophy and Psychology in Intersection.Francesco Ferretti, Massimo Marraffa & Mario De Caro (eds.) - 2007 - Springer.
  33. Cartographies of the Mind: The Interface between Philosophy and Cognitive Science.Francesco Ferretti, Massimo Marraffa & Mario De Caro (eds.) - 2007 - Springer.
  34. Coevoluzionismo senza se e senza ma.Francesco Ferretti - 2009 - Etica E Politica 11 (2):92-105.
    The main aim of this paper is to analyze the relationship between brain and language in terms of coevolution. Nowadays, the thesis of coevolution is defended by the exponents of the neoculturalist paradigm to claim that language is the product of cultural evolution. In our opinion, this claim is misleading. From our point of view, in fact, we can refer to the relationship between brain and language in terms of coevolution only if we are prepared to maintain that language is (...)
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  35. Coevolutionism with no ifs or buts.Francesco Ferretti - 2010 - Rivista di Estetica 44:29-43.
     
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  36. Diritti.Francesco Ferraro - 2015 - In Mario Ricciardi, Andrea Rossetti & Vito Velluzzi (eds.), Filosofia del diritto. Roma: Carocci editore.
     
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  37. Exploring the Province of Legislation: Theoretical and Empirical Perspectives in Legisprudence.Francesco Ferraro & Silvia Zorzetto (eds.) - 2022
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  38. Filosofia Della Mente E Scienze Cognitive.Francesco Ferretti & Elisabetta Gola - 1997 - Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane.
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  39. Il linguaggio dei diritti tra inflazione e scetticismo.Francesco Ferraro - 2013 - Etica E Politica 15 (1):25-51.
    Following the XVIII century Declarations, rights have progressively occupied the whole space of legal, political and moral debate; with the UN’s Declaration of Human Rights, the language of rights has been established as a universal ground for expressing human needs and claims, despite allegations of Western ethnocentrism. Rights are an indispensable tool for expressing the value of human dignity, because they allow right-holders to claim certain actions as due to them: they endow the individuals with a moral authority, the absence (...)
     
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  40. Imagery, Perception and Creativity.Francesco Ferretti - 2006 - Anthropology and Philosophy 7 (1-2):75-94.
    The aim of this paper is to justify the role of mental imagery in creativity. In more specific terms the central idea of this paper is that the justification for the role of mental images in the creative process lies in the analysis of the relationship between vision and imagery. Mental images are present in thought just in those situations in which the ideal way to solve a problem would be the perception of those same things before our own eyes. (...)
     
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  41.  7
    Il problema della morte e della sopravvivenza.Francesco Ferrari - 1934 - Milano,: Fratelli Bocca.
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  42. La coevoluzione di linguaggio e cervello.Francesco Ferretti - 2011 - Nuova Civiltà Delle Macchine 29 (4).
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  43.  8
    La comunità postsociale: azione e pensiero politico di Martin Buber.Francesco Ferrari - 2018 - Roma: Castelvecchi.
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  44.  4
    Libro del calmo pensare.Francesco Ferrari - 1943 - Milano,: Fratelli Bocca.
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  45. Linguaggio ed esperanza.Francesco Ferretti - 2004 - Filosofia Oggi 9 (3):159.
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  46.  5
    L'unico giornalista: stampa e comunicazione in Max Stirner.Francesco Ferrante - 1998 - Napoli: La città del sole.
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  47.  94
    Impossible interpretations, impossible demands.Francesco Pupa - 2015 - Linguistics and Philosophy 38 (3):269-287.
    While there has been much ado about the innumerable ways a speaker can alter the reach of her quantifier phrases, little fuss has been made over the fact that some forms of alteration are, as it were, impossible to pull off. These impossible interpretations cast a shadow over both syntactic and free enrichment approaches to the phenomenon of quantifier domain restriction. Indeed, I argue that these impossible interpretations help to undermine the presupposition that domain restriction is amenable to a uniform (...)
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  48.  9
    Leszek Nowak, a Neglected Thinker.Francesco Coniglione - 2023 - Organon F: Medzinárodný Časopis Pre Analytickú Filozofiu 30 (2):130-136.
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  49.  12
    Positivity relations on a locale.Francesco Ciraulo & Steven Vickers - 2016 - Annals of Pure and Applied Logic 167 (9):806-819.
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  50.  15
    A principle-based approach to AI: the case for European Union and Italy.Francesco Corea, Fabio Fossa, Andrea Loreggia, Stefano Quintarelli & Salvatore Sapienza - 2023 - AI and Society 38 (2):521-535.
    As Artificial Intelligence (AI) becomes more and more pervasive in our everyday life, new questions arise about its ethical and social impacts. Such issues concern all stakeholders involved in or committed to the design, implementation, deployment, and use of the technology. The present document addresses these preoccupations by introducing and discussing a set of practical obligations and recommendations for the development of applications and systems based on AI techniques. With this work we hope to contribute to spreading awareness on the (...)
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