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Johann Gottlieb Fichte is a key figure in the landscape of post-Kantian idealism. From 1794 up to the final year of his life in 1814, Fichte attempted to formulate a unified philosophical programme that would combine, in a single system, the main branches of theoretical and practical philosophy. At the heart of this programme we find Fichte’s idea of a ‘doctrine of science’ (Wissenschaftslehre) that tries to articulate the fundamental principles of human cognition on the basis of the ‘I’ and its self-positing activity. In subsequent years he worked to articulate a ‘doctrine of right’ (Rechtslehre) in the Foundations of Natural Right (1795/96), and a ‘doctrine of ethics’ (Sittenlehre) in the System of Ethics (1798), both of which Fichte published under the subtitle ‘according to the principles of the Wissenschaftslehre.’ In later years he also worked and lectured on a doctrine of religion (Religionslehre). In addition to his philosophical writings, Fichte produced numerous popular works, such as Some Lectures Concerning the Scholar’s Vocation, the Vocation of Human Beings (1800), and The Way Towards the Blessed Life (1806). 

Key works Fichte's main philosophical works are: Foundations for the Entire Doctrine of Ethics (Fichte 1970); Foundations of Natural Right According to the Principles of the Wissenschaftslehre (Fichte 2000); and the System of Ethics According to the Principles of the Wissenschaftslehre  (Fichte 2005).
Introductions For introductions to Fichte's philosophical system, see Breazeale (Breazeale 2013), Ware (Ware 2020), and Wood (Wood 2016).
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  1. The Establishment of the State in Fichte’s System.Türker Armaner - unknown - Yeditepe'de Felsefe (Philosophy at Yeditepe) 1.
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  2. Situating Hegel: From Transcendental Philosophy to a Phenomenology of Spirit.Michael Baur - forthcoming - In Kenneth Westphal & Marian Bykova, The Palgrave Hegel Hanbook.
    This chapter aims to situate Hegel’s philosophical outlook by illuminating it against the backdrop of Immanuel Kant’s transcendental philosophy, some early skeptical critiques of that philosophy, Fichte’s philosophy of freedom, and finally the Spinozistic thinking of Schelling and of Hegel himself.
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  3. From the 'I Think' to the 'I Act': Fichte on Kant's Incomplete Insight.G. Anthony Bruno - forthcoming - In Jeffery Kinlaw, Fichte’s Doctrine of Scientific Knowledge: A Critical Guide. Cambridge University Press.
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  4. Kant, Fichte, and the Act of the I.Charles E. DeBord - forthcoming - Philosophy Study.
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  5. George di Giovanni. Hegel and the Challenge of Spinoza: A Study in German Idealism, 1801-1831. [REVIEW]Robb Dunphy - forthcoming - Hegel Bulletin:1-7.
  6. Fichte's Aesthetic of Striving: Context and Development.Kienhow Goh - forthcoming - London/New York: Routledge.
    This book explores Fichte's theory of sensibility, focusing on its theoretical and practical significance. It offers unique insight into Fichte’s reinterpretation of Kant's aesthetic theory. Fichte's theory of sensibility can be found in his unpublished manuscript Practical Philosophy (1793). The author approaches this text as Fichte's attempt to reorganize Kant’s transcendental aesthetic and aesthetic of pure practical reason into a unified whole. The first half contains one of the first chapter-length studies of Abicht’s Attempt at a Critique of Pleasure (1789) (...)
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  7. (1 other version)I-hood as the Speculative Ground of Fichte’s Real Ethics.Kienhow Goh - forthcoming - In The Enigma of Fichtes First Principles: 49 (Fichte-Studien). Brill. pp. 267-287.
    This article considers how the I furnishes a ground for the moral principle’s reality or applicability, or the synthetic unification of the higher and the lower powers of desire, through its originally determined nature. It argues that the nature of I-hood as an immediate unity of seeing and being, an absolute identity of the subjective and objective, is key to securing the moral principle’s applicability. On its basis, Fichte envisages an originally determined system of drives and feelings on the one (...)
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  8. The Enigma of Fichtes First Principles: 49 (Fichte-Studien).Kienhow Goh (ed.) - forthcoming - Brill.
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  9. (1 other version)Anschauung und Begriff in formaler und transzendentaler Logik.Max Gottschlich - forthcoming - In Waibel Violetta, Die Rolle von Anschauung und Begriff bei Johann Gottlieb Fichte. Mit Kant über Kant hinaus (Reihe: Begriff und Konkretion). Duncker&Humblot.
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  10. Fichte’s Moral Philosophy, by Owen Ware. [REVIEW]Steven Hoeltzel - forthcoming - Mind:fzad066.
    A review of Ware's groundbreaking study, with particular attention to his accounts of (i) Fichte’s approach to establishing the authority of the moral law and (ii) Fichte’s conception of the natural drive and its contribution to our ethical vocation.
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  11. Fichte’s Doctrine of Scientific Knowledge: A Critical Guide.Jeffery Kinlaw (ed.) - forthcoming - Cambridge University Press.
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  12. Review: Ware, Owen (2020). Fichte’s Moral Philosophy. New York, USA: Oxford University Press. [REVIEW]Eric Lam - forthcoming - Fichteana.
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  13. The Bloomsbury Companion to Fichte.Bykova Marina (ed.) - forthcoming - Bloomsbury.
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  14. Fichte's Turn from Absolute I to Absolute Knowledge in advance.Yady Oren - forthcoming - Idealistic Studies.
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  15. Idealism and Facticity: Kant’s Grounding of Metaphysics and Fichte’s Challenge.Jens Pier - forthcoming - International Journal of Philosophical Studies.
    Kant scholarship often refers to transcendental idealism as a ‘theory.’ Kant’s project, however, is not easily reconciled with that term in its current use. This paper contends that his critique and idealism should be seen as a remedial response against our natural albeit confused prejudice of transcendental realism. Kant’s idealism articulates a ‘metametaphysical’ ethos that is supposed to provide a new grounding of metaphysics by proceeding ‘from the human standpoint:’ it aims to dispel the temptation of transcendental realism in favor (...)
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  16. From Kant to Maimon to Fichte.Jelscha Schmid - forthcoming - In Jeffery Kinlaw, Fichte’s Doctrine of Scientific Knowledge: A Critical Guide. Cambridge University Press.
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  17. Fichte’s method of philosophical experimentation in the Grundlage der gesamten Wissenschaftslehre.Jelscha Schmid - forthcoming - Archiv für Geschichte der Philosophie 106.
    Throughout different versions of the Wissenschaftslehre J. G. Fichte uses the term ‘experiment’ in reference to his philosophical method. This paper presents an account of Fichte’s methodological understanding of experiments in philosophy and their role in the Grundlage der gesamten Wissenschaftslehre (1794/95). I show that Fichte in Part One and Two of the Grundlage describes and conducts a type of philosophical experiment that draws on key elements of Kant’s conception of an “experiment of pure reason” in the Critique of Pure (...)
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  18. Dictatorship and Insurrection in Schlegel’s Republicanism.Fiorella Tomassini - forthcoming - In Reidar Maliks & Elizabeth Widmer, Kantian Foundations of Democracy. Routledge.
    This chapters explores Schlegel’s view on transitional forms of republicanism in his Essay on the Concept of Republicanism Occasioned by the Kantian Tract Perpetual Peace (1796). These rightful – but necessarily temporally limited – types of collective action are insurrection and provisional dictatorship. These forms of republicanism are absent in Kant’s theory of right, as they are manifestly incompatible with his account of popular sovereignty. Since Schlegel endorses a different view of sovereignty, the people, and the state, he is able (...)
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  19. Personal Meditations as the Foundation of the Foundation: The Proper Beginning of Fichte’s Wissenschaftslehre.Chiu Yui Plato Tse - forthcoming - In Christoph Asmuth Jesper Lundsfryd Rasmussen, Das Problem des Anfangs.
    It is the aim of this article to establish the conceptual continuity between Fichte's early manuscript Personal Meditations on Elementary Philosophy/ Practical Philosophy (1793/94) and his Foundation of the Entire Wissenschaftslehre (1794/95) and thereby draw implications for understanding the proper foundation of the Wissenschaftslehre. The second section will begin with a remark on Fichte’s term “setzen” (to posit), a term that Fichte appropriated from his predecessors to designate a fundamental activity which is central to rational agency and prior to the (...)
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  20. (1 other version)The Relation between Reality and Negation in Kant, Maimon, and Fichte.Chiu Yui Plato Tse - forthcoming - In The Significance of Negation in Classical German Philosophy. Dordrecht, Netherlands:
    The aim of this paper is to show that the binary notions of reality and negation play an important role in the philosophical agenda of Kant, Maimon and Fichte. The paper has three sections. The first section illustrates the metaphysical significance of Kant’s introduction of the quantitative opposition between reality and negation, which informs the phenomena-noumena distinction and the attribution of intensive magnitude. The second section argues that Maimon’s speculative appropriation of differentials took up Kant’s conception of real opposition between (...)
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  21. Persons, Animals, and Recognition: A Classical Yoga Perspective.Owen Ware - forthcoming - In Thomas Khurana & Matthew Congdon, The Philosophy of Recognition. Routledge.
    It is commonly held that since non-human animals are not persons, they are not objects of due regard and care in the same way that humans are. But how might we begin to think about recognizing animals as persons? This chapter attempts to reconstruct an answer by drawing on the resources of the Pātañjalayogaśāstra (the Yoga Sūtras of Patañjali, 200-400 CE). Animals are persons from the perspective of this tradition, and so animals are proper objects of due regard and care. (...)
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  22. Rêves d’un philosophe-voyant: la notion artistique de «vision» (Gesicht) et de prophétie dans les Discours à la nation allemande de Fichte.David W. Wood - forthcoming - In Jean-Noël Bret Victoire Feuillebois, L’art, le rêve et la nuit. Presses Universitaires de Provence.
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  23. Johann Goglieb Fichte and Kimura Motomori.Gregory S. Moss & Takeshi Morisato - 2025 - In Gregory S. Moss & Takeshi Morisato, The dialectics of absolute nothingness: the legacies of German philosophy in the Kyoto school. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
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  24. The quintuple quintuplicity of forms of (self-)consciousness in Fichte's 1804 Wissenschaftslehre.Emiliano Acosta - 2024 - In Benjamin D. Crowe & Gabriel Gottlieb, Fichte's 1804 Wissenschaftslehre: essays on the "Science of knowing". Albany: State University of New York Press. pp. 193-214.
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  25. You can't get there from here:" : Fichte's (unwritten) 1799 Review (nach der Principien der Wissenschaftslehre) of the 1804 Wissenschaftslehre. [REVIEW]Daniel Breazeale - 2024 - In Benjamin D. Crowe & Gabriel Gottlieb, Fichte's 1804 Wissenschaftslehre: essays on the "Science of knowing". Albany: State University of New York Press. pp. 33-59.
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  26. The "we" of speculative philosophy.Benjamin Crowe - 2024 - In Benjamin D. Crowe & Gabriel Gottlieb, Fichte's 1804 Wissenschaftslehre: essays on the "Science of knowing". Albany: State University of New York Press. pp. 173-190.
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  27. Fichte's 1804 Wissenschaftslehre: essays on the "Science of knowing".Benjamin D. Crowe & Gabriel Gottlieb (eds.) - 2024 - Albany: State University of New York Press.
    Illuminating new essays on Fichte's 1804 Wissenschaftslehre, or The Science of Knowing.
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  28. The odyssey of the "through" ("das Durch").M. Jorge de Carvalho - 2024 - In Benjamin D. Crowe & Gabriel Gottlieb, Fichte's 1804 Wissenschaftslehre: essays on the "Science of knowing". Albany: State University of New York Press. pp. 145-172.
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  29. The self-justification of Fichte's philosophy.Jacinto Rivera de Rosales - 2024 - In Benjamin D. Crowe & Gabriel Gottlieb, Fichte's 1804 Wissenschaftslehre: essays on the "Science of knowing". Albany: State University of New York Press. pp. 273-290.
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  30. Metaphysics as a Science in Classical German Philosophy.Robb Dunphy & Toby Lovat (eds.) - 2024 - New York, NY: Routledge/Taylor & Francis Group.
    This volume is dedicated to questions about the nature and method of metaphysics in Classical German Philosophy. Its chapters offer original investigations into the metaphysical projects of many of the major figures in German philosophy between Wolff and Hegel. The period of Classical German Philosophy was an extraordinarily rich one in the history of philosophy, especially for metaphysics. It includes some of the highest achievements of early modern rationalism, Kant's critical revolution, and the various significant works of German Idealism that (...)
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  31. Das neoliberale Paradigma von Rationalität unter der Lupe der Transzendentalphilosophie J. G. Fichtes.Matteo Vincenzo D’Alfonso - 2024 - Fichte-Studien 53 (2):353-369.
    Zusammenfassung In diesem Artikel wird das neoliberale Modell von Rationalität dem Verständnis der Rationalität gegenübergestellt, das Fichte in der Grundlage der gesamten Wissenschaftslehre vorschlägt. Der erste Teil dreht sich um Foucaults Verbindung zwischen Gouvernementalität und Rational Choice Model. Im zweiten Teil werde ich die Handlungstheorie von Ludwig von Mises erörtern, die er in seinem Meisterwerk von 1940, Nationalökonomie. Eine Theorie des Handelns, aufarbeitet. Denn obwohl er die Rational Choice Theory nicht selbst formulierte, gilt er als beispielhafter Vertreter eines anthropologischen Musters, (...)
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  32. Virupa, Meet Fichte: Uncanny Resonances in Comparative Philosophy.Alexander T. Englert & Jonathan Gold - 2024 - The Immanent Frame 1.
    What happens when scholars come together to study Buddhist and German Idealist perspectives on mind and representation? We explore this question and reflect on methodological considerations in what is often referred to as "comparative philosophy.".
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  33. Dalla Nova Methodo alla Prima Methodo: tendere e impulso nel tardo Fichte.Federico Ferraguto - 2024 - Trans/Form/Ação 47 (3):e0240028.
    The paper points out the reasons for the substitution of the concept of reason’s striving for the concept of will in J.G. Fichte’s later writings, and particularly in his lectures on the Facts of Consciousness of 1813. In this way, it is possible to rethink R. Lauth’s interpretation, according to which Fichtian philosophizing would reconsider the primacy attributed by modernity to theoretical knowledge and would succeed in constructing a “nova method” philosophy, but would fail to overcome a ‘horizontal’ conception of (...)
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  34. Sulla scelta della filosofia secondo Fichte.Federico Ferraguto - 2024 - Revista Portuguesa de Filosofia 79 (4):1803-1828.
    The paper offers an interpretation of the thesis developed by Fichte in the Erste Einleitung in die Wissenschaftslehre following “the philosophy one chooses depends on the man one is” as a deepening of symbolic practices and dispositions that philosophy shares with ordinary consciousness. To support this interpretation, the paper describes how Fichte defines individual character formation and how it relates to a historical determinate is presented through a quick excursion in the Nicolaischrift of 1801 (§2). Through a critical and synthetic (...)
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  35. Emil Lasks Auslegung der Wissenschaftslehre.Federico Ferraguto - 2024 - Fichte-Studien 53 (2):564-589.
    Zusammenfassung Dieser Aufsatz untersucht Emil Lasks kritische Auseinandersetzung mit der Philosophie Johann Gottlieb Fichtes, insbesondere bezüglich der Konzeptualisierung von Irrationalität und Realität im Rahmen der transzendentalen Philosophie. Lask interpretiert Fichtes Ansatz zu Wissen und Realität durch eine einzigartige Perspektive und vertritt die Ansicht, dass die Realität, obwohl sie jenseits des Wissens existiert, dieses von einer externen, doch integralen Perspektive aus formt. Diese Interaktion spiegelt eine fundamentale Irrationalität wider, die dem Ursprung des Wissens innewohnt und empirische Grenzen übersteigt. Der Aufsatz hebt (...)
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  36. The I and I: The Pure and the Empirical Subject in Fichte’s Science of Science.Kienhow Goh - 2024 - In Robb Dunphy & Toby Lovat, Metaphysics as a Science in Classical German Philosophy. New York, NY: Routledge/Taylor & Francis Group. pp. 251-69.
    This paper presents Fichte’s system of philosophical science with the aim of elucidating the boundary separating the pure, absolute I and the empirical, individual I in the system. Tapping on writings related to the two versions of the Jena Doctrine of Science, I represent Fichte’s philosophical project as the primarily epistemological one of maintaining the scientific status of pre-philosophical knowledge in the face of the Maimonian skeptical challenge. Apparently, Fichte analyzes the scientificity of a body of knowledge in terms of (...)
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  37. Fichte on Free Will and Predestination.Kienhow Goh - 2024 - New York and London: Routledge.
    The book presents Fichte’s position on free will as a form of compatibilism that has not yet been explored in the literature. Due to early rationalist convictions, Fichte is as much concerned with reconciling freedom with a logical and a theological determinism as he is with a causal determinism. He sees in Kant’s novel concept of a pure practical reason a new form of rationalism, one consisting of a system of moral rather than natural necessitating grounds. At the same time, (...)
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  38. Fichte et le problème de la rationalité juridique.Laurent Guyot - 2024 - Fichte-Studien 53 (2):489-512.
    Resumé On a coutume de considérer qu’il y a un revirement complet qui s’opère chez Fichte entre ses Considérations sur la Révolution française de 1793 et son Fondement du droit naturel de 1796 en vertu de ce que le droit naturel et la morale ne sont pas dissociés dans la première œuvre et le deviennent complètement dans la seconde. Sans doute, le droit naturel est bien posé en 1793 comme l’expression de la loi morale dans les phénomènes, au lieu qu’il (...)
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  39. Blockchain as Fichtean problem.Adam Hankins - 2024 - In Benjamin D. Crowe & Gabriel Gottlieb, Fichte's 1804 Wissenschaftslehre: essays on the "Science of knowing". Albany: State University of New York Press. pp. 291-312.
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  40. The absolute and the 1804 Wissenschaftslehre.Charles Jeffery Kinlaw - 2024 - In Benjamin D. Crowe & Gabriel Gottlieb, Fichte's 1804 Wissenschaftslehre: essays on the "Science of knowing". Albany: State University of New York Press. pp. 11-31.
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  41. »Das System der Sittenlehre« im gegenwärtigen Kontext: Deontologie, Konsequentialismus oder Perfektionismus?Eric Tat-Fung Lam - 2024 - Fichte-Studien 53 (2):370–394.
    This paper addresses contemporary interpretations of Fichte’s System of Ethics (1798), focusing on the readings by Michelle Kosch, Allen Wood, and Owen Ware. My goal is to systematically review their interpretations and propose a revised approach to better understand Fichte’s ethical framework as a whole. Kosch interprets Fichte’s ethics as a form of consequentialism, suggesting that the constitutive end of absolute independence can be achieved through controlling nature via modern technology. In contrast, Wood characterizes Fichte as a radical Kantian, viewing (...)
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  42. Reconsidering Heidegger’s Temporal Idealism.Morganna Lambeth & Christopher Yeomans - 2024 - Epoché: A Journal for the History of Philosophy 28 (2):361-382.
    Is Heidegger a temporal idealist or a temporal realist? That is, does he believe that time is supplied by the human standpoint, or that we derive it from the structure of the world around us? Blattner makes a compelling case that Heidegger is a temporal idealist, but a failed one. Rousse, however, argues that Heidegger’s position is more promising when he is interpreted not as an unsuccessful idealist, but as an underdeveloped realist. In contrast, we offer arguments grounded in German (...)
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  43. Philosophie, Geschichte der Philosophie und Zukunft der Philosophie.Michael Lewin - 2024 - In Klassische Deutsche Philosophie: Wege in die Zukunft. Brill | Mentis. pp. 1-17.
    For Kant, Fichte, and Hegel, secondary literature on Kant, Fichte, and Hegel is not philosophy in the proper sense. It is best to think the relation between the history of philosophy, philosophy, and its future in terms of a set of virtues that should be binding both for the historians of philosophy and philosophers.
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  44. The First Principle in the Later Fichte : The (Not) "Surprising Insight" in the Fifteenth Lecture of the 1804 Wissenschaftslehre.Michael Lewin - 2024 - In Benjamin D. Crowe & Gabriel Gottlieb, Fichte's 1804 Wissenschaftslehre: essays on the "Science of knowing". Albany: State University of New York Press. pp. 61-78.
    How surprising is the insight, that being equals I in the 15th lecture of the Doctrine of Science 1804/II? It might have been indeed an unexpected turn for his contemporaries in Berlin listening to Fichte for the first time, but should it be surprising for us, having at least since 2012 (the year the last volume of [Gesamtausgabe] appeared) access to all his published and unpublished works? I want to propose a way of reading Fichte, which bypasses two popular and (...)
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  45. Fichte's reader and the autopoiesis of the Wissenschaftslehre, 1794-1804.Andrew J. Mitchell - 2024 - In Benjamin D. Crowe & Gabriel Gottlieb, Fichte's 1804 Wissenschaftslehre: essays on the "Science of knowing". Albany: State University of New York Press. pp. 79-94.
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  46. Die Wissenschaftslehre und die Fundamentaltheologie: Bilanz und Ausblick wesensverwandter Rationalitäten.Mathias Müller - 2024 - Fichte-Studien 53 (2):457-488.
    Zusammenfassung „G[ottes]L[ehre] in gewisser Beziehung = W[issenschafts]L[ehre]“ (GA II/7: 381). So lautet 1805 in nuce Fichtes Verhältnisbestimmung von transzendentaler und (modern:) theologischer Reflexion, die sich so wesensverwandt gegenüberstehen. Während die Wissenschaftslehre in gewisser Beziehung theologische Rationalität wird, verdankt sich gerechtfertigte Theologie immer schon transzendentaler Rationalität. Es ist zu zeigen, dass diese spezifische Theologie, die Fichte damals vor Augen hatte, seit ihrem Aufkommen im 19. Jahrhundert, die sogenannte Fundamentaltheologie ist. Wissenschaftslehre und Fundamentaltheologie sind Grundlagenwissenschaften. Die folgenden Überlegungen gehen einerseits historisch fünf (...)
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  47. Into death's lair : truth, appearance, and the irrational gap in Fichte's 1804 Wissenschaftslehre.Matthew Nini - 2024 - In Benjamin D. Crowe & Gabriel Gottlieb, Fichte's 1804 Wissenschaftslehre: essays on the "Science of knowing". Albany: State University of New York Press. pp. 97-117.
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  48. Immanent thinking and the activity of philosophizing in Fichte's 1804 Wissenschaftslehre.Angelica Nuzzo - 2024 - In Benjamin D. Crowe & Gabriel Gottlieb, Fichte's 1804 Wissenschaftslehre: essays on the "Science of knowing". Albany: State University of New York Press. pp. 215-233.
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  49. Fichte and Hegel on Advancing from the Beginning.Yady Oren - 2024 - Review of Metaphysics 77 (3):483-508.
    In the Science of Logic, Hegel criticizes Fichte's Wissenschaftslehre for advancing from the beginning through external reflection and thus failing to understand both the nature of the beginning and the proper method to advance from it. This article shows that Fichte's advance from the beginning preempts Hegel's critique and shares Hegel's premises with respect to the method of advancing. The author first analyzes Hegel's critique of Fichte in the Science of Logic, which he follows by showing that Fichte levels a (...)
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  50. Subjectivity and the Politics of Self-Cultivation: A Comparative Study of Fichte and Nietzsche.James S. Pearson - 2024 - Nietzsche Studien 53 (1):182-202.
    At first glance, Fichte and Nietzsche might strike us as intellectual contraries. This impression is reinforced by Nietzsche’s disparaging remarks about Fichte. The dearth of critical literature comparing the two thinkers also could easily lead us to believe that they are, for all intents and purposes, irrelevant to one another. In this paper, however, I argue that their theories of subjectivity are in many respects remarkably similar and worthy of comparison. But I further explain how, despite this convergence, their normative (...)
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