"Gill's and Ryan's Parmenides is, simply, superb: the Introduction, more than a hundred pages long, is transparently clear, takes the reader meticulously through the arguments, avoids perverseness, and still manages to make sense of the dialogue as a whole; there is a fine selective bibliography; and those parts of the translation I have looked at in detail suggest that it too is very good indeed." --Christopher Rowe, _Phronesis_.

Pour un artiste ou un chercheur, s'emparer du problème de l'extériorité revient à se confronter à une relation aporétique au monde, aux choses, aux êtres et à son oeuvre. Poser la question de l'extériorité est irréductible à toute tentative de définition et contradictoire avec le désir d'en délimiter les contours, car ces tentatives dévitaliseraient l'idée même d'extériorité. Entrer dans le sillage de l'extériorité ou se lancer sur sa piste c'est alors accepter l'épreuve de l'autre. Cette expérience réintroduit à l'égard du (...) monde et des hommes une possibilité d'ouverture à l'imprévisible, à l'innommable et à l'inconnaissable. Elle expose la temporalité à l'accueil de l'inattendu et de la surprise. Cette épreuve de l'autre ne réduit pas l'autre moi-même à l'anonymat, elle lie le chercheur, l'artiste et tout homme à un autre dont il est impossible d'être quitte. (shrink)

Praised for its rare combination of scholarly rigor and imaginative interpretation, _Nietzsche and Philosophy_ has long been recognized as one of the most important analyses of Nietzsche. It is also one of the best introductions to Deleuze's thought, establishing many of his central philosophical positions. In _Nietzsche and Philosophy_, Deleuze identifies and explores three crucial concepts in Nietzschean thought-multiplicity, becoming, and affirmation-and clarifies Nietzsche's views regarding the will to power, eternal return, nihilism, and difference. For Deleuze, Nietzsche challenged conventional philosophical (...) ideas and provided a means of escape from Hegel's dialectical thinking, which had come to dominate French philosophy. He also offered a path toward a politics of difference. In this new edition, Michael Hardt's foreword examines the profound influence of Deleuze's provocative interpretations on the study of Nietzsche, which opened a whole new avenue in postwar thought. (shrink)

Until recently, cognitive science focused on such mental functions as problem solving, grammar, and pattern-the functions in which the human mind most closely resembles a computer. But humans are more than computers: we invent new meanings, imagine wildly, and even have ideas that have never existed before. Today the cutting edge of cognitive science addresses precisely these mysterious, creative aspects of the mind.The Way We Think is a landmark analysis of the imaginative nature of the mind. Conceptual blending is already (...) widely known in research laboratories throughout the world; this book, written to be accessible to both lay readers and interested scientists, is its definitive statement. Gilles Fauconnier and Mark Turner show that conceptual blending is the root of the cognitively modern human mind, and that conceptual blends themselves are continually combined and reblended to create the rich mental fabric in which we live.The Way We Think shows how this blending operates; how it is affected by (and gives rise to) language, identity, culture, and invention; and how we imagine what could be and what might have been. The result is a bold and exciting new view of how the mind works. (shrink)

Le kitsch n'est plus ce qu'il était. De style décrié, dévolu à un univers décoratif marqué par le manque de goût, il s'est métamorphosé en néokitsch 'branché', systémique et planétaire. Il était associé à la décoration intérieure bourgeoise, aux bimbeloteries, aux images sulpiciennes: le voici qui s'infiltre dans les urbanismes pastiches gigantesques, les mégacentres commerciaux, les parcs de loisirs, les défilés de mode, le showbiz, les soaps télévisés, le design, la communication virtuelle sur les réseaux. Désormais proliférant, démesuré, envahissant de (...) plus en plus de secteurs, un nouveau cosmos kitsch s'affirme, qui dépasse de beaucoup la sphère des propriétés formelles des choses et des images tant il contribue à dessiner une forme de civilisation la civilisation du 'trop.' Ajoutant le trop au trop, l'hyperkitsch consumériste a pris le relais du kitsch bourgeois et romantique. Il est devenu l'expression même de la civilisation mondialisée de la surconsommation, du spectacle et des simulacres. C'est cette formidable mutation historique que les deux auteurs analysent afin de porter sur le kitsch un jugement raisonné. Si les critiques sont nécessaires et même impératives face aux débordements du 'trop', reste en effet à savoir jusqu'où. Une société sans kitsch est-elle souhaitable? C'est loin d'être sûr. Le kitsch n'est pas chose à brûler mais à penser"--Page 4 of cover. (shrink)

Ce recit de la vie d'Aristote montre assez bien que, même s'il est connu comme un des plus grands philosophes de tous les temps, il etait un veritable homme de science, au sens moderne du mot, un penseur, chercheur et professeur. Sous forme d'autobiographie, le present recit nous rappelle du même souffle, grâce à des reperes historiques bien definis, tout ce que nous devons à la culture grecque : l'academie, l'ethique, les sculptures d'Aphrodite, le theâtre, les sciences, sans oublier les (...) bases servant à l'etude de nos systemes politiques. Vingt-quatre siecles avant nous, Aristote s'etonnait dejà de tout. Ami du conquerant Philippe de Macedoine, il a ete un professeur d'Alexandre dit Le Grand et il connaissait de pres Demosthene, que l'on donne lui aussi, avec le Romain Ciceron, comme l'un des deux plus grands orateurs de l'Antiquite. Cette biographie s'en tient strictement à des faits verifiables anterieurs à l'annee 322 avant notre ere, date de la mort d'Aristote. L'auteur, qui utilise un vocabulaire aussi pres que possible de sa source, ne pose aucun jugement sur sa personnalite ou sur ses oeuvres. Mais le portrait qui se degage de cette vie fera consensus : Aristote etait heureux. (shrink)

La question de la légitimation de la philosophie est l'un des fils conducteurs de l'idéalisme allemand. Dans la première génération des successeurs de Kant en effet, certains ont pour ambition explicite de reprendre ses résultats, mais d'une manière suffisamment justifiée pour répondre aux objections sceptiques. D'autres, en revanche, décident de s'installer dans le renoncement à la fondation systématique, accusant la raison discursive d'être incapable de saisir la vie et la liberté. Quels sont, chez les auteurs de l'idéalisme allemand, les arguments (...) qui plaident en faveur d'un fondement du discours philosophique? Un tel principe est-il théorique ou pratique, inaugural ou terminal, intuitif ou discursif, tel qu'il adopte la forme d'une proposition singulière ou tel qu'il se confond avec le tout du discours? En somme, l'enjeu est d'examiner, sous un point de vue nouveau, le thème de la raison dans l'idéalisme allemand. La question est ici abordée dans une perspective historique autant que systématique. La variété et la richesse des études témoignent de la vitalité des recherches actuelles sur l'idéalisme allemand. (shrink)

Comment rendre compte des normes relatives à la propriété, à l’action individuelle et à la vie familiale et sociopolitique? Pour Hegel, elles résultent toutes d’un même effort, celui du sujet spirituel qui tend à s’incarner dans le monde. Selon lui, la normativité ne répond ni à un commandement transcendant, ni à un “ ordre des choses ” toujours déjà fixé, mais au processus d’auto-développement de la subjectivité s’investissant dans le réel extérieur pour concrétiser sa liberté. Toutefois, parce que le monde (...) reste irrémédiablement étranger à l’esprit, celui-ci n’en prend possession que de manière incomplète et précaire. Il se rapporte alors à lui sur le mode du “ devoir-être ”, c’est-à-dire d’obligations pouvant être transgressées et de droits pouvant être contestés. Le présent ouvrage met en évidence l’ambivalence de la pensée hégélienne des normes, qui insiste sur leur validité et leur caractère libérateur, mais aussi sur leur inachèvement et leur vulnérabilité. (shrink)

Suggests an open system of psychological exploration to cut through accepted norms of morality, language, and politics.

Of fundamental importance to literary critics and philosophers, Difference and Repetition develops two central concepts -- pure difference and complex ...

Deleuze and Guattari differentiate between philosophy, science, and the arts - seeing each as a means of confronting chaos - and challenge the common view that philosophy is an extension of logic. The authors also discuss the similarities and distinctions between creative and philosophical writing. Fresh anecdotes from the history of philosophy illuminate this book, along with engaging discussions of composers, painters, writers, and architects.

Mental Spaces is the classic introduction to the study of mental spaces and conceptual projection, as revealed through the structure and use of language. It examines in detail the dynamic construction of connected domains as discourse unfolds. The discovery of mental space organization has modified our conception of language and thought: powerful and uniform accounts of superficially disparate phenomena have become available in the areas of reference, presupposition projection, counterfactual and analogical reasoning, metaphor and metonymy, and time and aspect in (...) discourse. The present work lays the foundation for this research. It uncovers simple and general principles that lie behind the awesome complexity of everyday logic. (shrink)

Conceptual integration—“blending”—is a general cognitive operation on a par with analogy, recursion, mental modeling, conceptual categorization, and framing. It serves a variety of cognitive purposes. It is dynamic, supple, and active in the moment of thinking. It yields products that frequently become entrenched in conceptual structure and grammar, and it often performs new work on its previously entrenched products as inputs. Blending is easy to detect in spectacular cases but it is for the most part a routine, workaday process that (...) escapes detection except on technical analysis. It is not reserved for special purposes, and is not costly.In blending, structure from input mental spaces is projected to a separate, “blended” mental space. The projection is selective. Through completion and elaboration, the blend develops structure not provided by the inputs. Inferences, arguments, and ideas developed in the blend can have effect in cognition, leading us to modify the initial inputs and to change our view of the corresponding situations.Blending operates according to a set of uniform structural and dynamic principles. It additionally observes a set of optimality principles. (shrink)

In the late 1980s and early 1990s a number of key writers within sociology and anthropology criticised much of the existing research on children within the social sciences as ‘adultist’. This has subsequently provoked attempts by academics to define new ways of working with, not on or for, children that have been characterised by a desire to define more mutuality between adult and children in research relationships and to identify new ways that researchers can engage with young people. This paper (...) aims to address some of the ethical complexities that this work has generated by focusing on five areas of ethical concern in relation to research with children in the environments of home and school: consent; access and structures of compliance; privacy and confidentiality; methodologies and issues of power; and dissemination and advocacy. While most of these issues are not necessarily unique to working with children, but underlie many research projects, they are refracted in particular ways in child-oriented research because of the unequal relationships of power between adults and children; the way that adults mediate access to children; the legal complexities of children's position as minors; and the particular nature of the environments—school and the parental home—in which researchers usually encounter young people. (shrink)

This brilliant exposition of the critique of identity is a classic in contemporary philosophy and one of Deleuze's most important works. Of fundamental importance to literary critics and philosophers,Difference and Repetition develops two central concepts—pure difference and complex repetition&mdasha;and shows how the two concepts are related. While difference implies divergence and decentering, repetition is associated with displacement and disguising. Central in initiating the shift in French thought away from Hegel and Marx toward Nietzsche and Freud, _Difference and Repetition_ moves deftly (...) to establish a fundamental critique of Western metaphysics. (shrink)

Here, I lay the foundations of a high-level ontology of particulars whose structuring principles differ radically from the 'continuant' vs. 'occurrent' distinction traditionally adopted in applied ontology. These principles are derived from a new analysis of the ontology of “occurring” or “happening” entities. Firstly, my analysis integrates recent work on the ontology of processes, which brings them closer to objects in their mode of existence and persistence by assimilating them to continuant particulars. Secondly, my analysis distinguishes clearly between processes and (...) events, in order to make the latter abstract objects of thought (alongside propositions). Lastly, I open my ontological inventory to properties and facts, the existence of which is commonly admitted. By giving specific roles to these primitives, the framework allows one to account for static and dynamic aspects of the physical world and for the way that subjects conceive its history: facts account for the life of substances (physical objects and processes), whereas events enable cognitive subjects to account for the life story of substances. (shrink)

Firms located in communities in which people are, on average, more trusting enjoy some benefits in terms of the power of CEO contracts. We present two pieces of empirical evidence to support this claim: (1) higher average trust in a county is associated with “flatter” executive contracts and (2) when an exogenous shock occurs (such as a scandal involving an important social institution), both trust and contracting move in similar directions. We obtain the first result in a panel specification and (...) the second in a “difference-in-difference” specification that uses the revelation of sex scandals involving the Catholic Church across different U.S. localities. (shrink)

Conceptual integration—“blending”—is a general cognitive operation on a par with analogy, recursion, mental modeling, conceptual categorization, and framing. It serves a variety of cognitive purposes. It is dynamic, supple, and active in the moment of thinking. It yields products that frequently become entrenched in conceptual structure and grammar, and it often performs new work on its previously entrenched products as inputs. Blending is easy to detect in spectacular cases but it is for the most part a routine, workaday process that (...) escapes detection except on technical analysis. It is not reserved for special purposes, and is not costly.In blending, structure from input mental spaces is projected to a separate, “blended” mental space. The projection is selective. Through completion and elaboration, the blend develops structure not provided by the inputs. Inferences, arguments, and ideas developed in the blend can have effect in cognition, leading us to modify the initial inputs and to change our view of the corresponding situations.Blending operates according to a set of uniform structural and dynamic principles. It additionally observes a set of optimality principles. (shrink)

Le droit de la personne et du corps pourrait être nommé le droit des masques. Persona, à Rome, c'est le masque de théâtre de l’acteur, et le rôle joué par lui, qui devait parler avec éclat (sonare), c’est-à-dire à la fois le signe et l’action représentée. La modernité a révisé cette étymologie, sous la double influence (souvent contraire) du christianisme et du rationalisme, exprimant l’un et l’autre la croyance en une nature singulière de la personne, divine ou rationnelle. D’abord, le (...) droit du corps protège le corps car il porte la trace de la personne, comme l’homme porte la trace de Dieu. Les droits de l’homme font ainsi de la dignité, à l’imitation de la théologie catholique, la catégorie qui permet de protéger le corps : l’euthanasie est interdite, l’avortement est une exception. Ensuite seulement, sous l’influence du rationalisme, le droit fait du corps une liberté du sujet qui peut donc presque tout : admissibilité d’une reproduction assistée, dons d’organes… Cette toute-puissance de l’individu exprime la croyance en l’Homme-Dieu. Un retour à l’origine étymologique romaine où le masque n’était qu’un signe, est-il aujourd’hui pensable ? À l’image des Masques Bambara ou des masques Grecs de Dionysos, la personne, et le corps ne seraient alors que des récits créant un monde de signification qui institue le sujet. L’humanité serait alors ce récit : il n’y aurait « personne » derrière le masque. (shrink)

In the late 1980s and early 1990s a number of key writers within sociology and anthropology criticised much of the existing research on children within the social sciences as 'adultist'. This has subsequently provoked attempts by academics to define new ways of working with , not on or for, children that have been characterised by a desire to define more mutuality between adult and children in research relationships and to identify new ways that researchers can engage with young people. This (...) paper aims to address some of the ethical complexities that this work has generated by focusing on five areas of ethical concern in relation to research with children in the environments of home and school: consent; access and structures of compliance; privacy and confidentiality; methodologies and issues of power; and dissemination and advocacy. While most of these issues are not necessarily unique to working with children, but underlie many research projects, they are refracted in particular ways in child-oriented research because of the unequal relationships of power between adults and children; the way that adults mediate access to children; the legal complexities of children's position as minors; and the particular nature of the environments—school and the parental home—in which researchers usually encounter young people. (shrink)

This book, which presents Spinoza's main ideas in dictionary form, has as its subject the opposition between ethics and morality, and the link between ethical ...

FOIS is the flagship conference of the International Association for Ontology and its Applications, a non-profit organization which promotes interdisciplinary research and international collaboration at the intersection of philosophical ontology, linguistics, logic, cognitive science, and computer science. This book presents the papers delivered at FOIS 2023, the 13th edition of the Formal Ontology in Information Systems conference. The event was held as a sequentially-hybrid event, face-to-face in Sherbrooke, Canada, from 17 to 20 July 2023, and online from 18 to 20 (...) September 2023. In total, 62 articles from 19 different countries were submitted, out of which 25 were accepted for inclusion in the conference and for publication; corresponding to an acceptance rate of 40 percent. The contributions are separated into the book’s three sections: (1) Foundational ontological issues; (2) Methodological issues around the development, alignment, verification and use of ontologies; and (3) Domain ontologies and ontology-based applications. In these sections, ontological aspects from a wide variety of fields are covered, primarily from various engineering domains including cybersecurity, manufacturing, petroleum engineering, and robotics, but also extending to the humanities, social sciences, medicine, and dentistry. A noticeable trend among the contributions in this edition of the conference is the recognition that improving the tools to analyze, align, and improve ontologies is of paramount importance in continuing to advance the field of formal ontology. The book will be of interest to all formal and applied ontology researchers, and to those who use formal ontologies and information systems as part of their work. (shrink)

"Throughout history, some books have changed the world. They have transformed the way we see ourselves - and each other. They have inspired debate, dissent, war and revolution. They have enlightened, outraged, provoked and comforted. They have enriched lives - and destroyed them. Now Penguin brings you the works of the great thinkers, pioneers, radicals and visionaries whose ideas shook civilization and helped make us who we are. Plato's retelling of the discourses between Socrates and his friends on such subjects (...) as love and desire, truth and illusion, spiritual transcendence and the qualities of a good ruler, profoundly affected the ways in which we view human relationships, society and leadership - and shaped the whole tradition of Western philosophy."--Publisher's website. (shrink)

In this essay, we aim to help clarify the nature of so-called 'occurrences' by attributing distinct modes of existence and persistence to processes and events. In doing so, we break with the perdurantism claimed by DOLCE’s authors and we distance ourselves from mereological analyzes like those recently conducted by Guarino to distinguish between 'processes' and 'episodes'. In line with the works of Stout and Galton, we first bring closer (physical) processes and objects in their way of enduring by proposing for (...) processes a notion of dynamic presence (contrasting with a static presence for objects). Then, on the events side, we attribute to them the status of abstract entities by identifying them with objects of thought (by individual and collective subjects), and this allows us to distinguish for themselves between existence and occurrence. We therefore identify them with psychological (or even social) endurants, which may contingently occur. (shrink)

In this extraordinary work Gilles Deleuze reflects on one of the figures of the past who has most influenced his own sweeping reconfiguration of the tasks of philosophy.

Considered one of the most important works of one of France's foremost philosophers, and long-awaited in English, "The Logic Of Sense" is an essay in literary and psychoanalytic theory, and philosophy, and helps to illuminate such works as "Anti-Oedipus".