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  1. Perception and Apperception in Mulla Sadra and Leibniz.Dr R. Davari - unknown - Kheradnameh Sadra Quarterly 19.
    The comparative study of Islamic philosophical views to those of contemporary philosophers calls for careful consideration of their opinions.This is because the similarities are apparent but the purport of what they say is quite different. Yet, the apparent similarities should not be thoroughly ignored and one can perhaps say that Leibniz's theory of perception and apperception is epistemologically close to the Sadrean theory of conceptual and judgmental knowledge. At least one can say that although Leibniz belongs to the tradition of (...)
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  2. 18th Century German Philosophy prior to Kant.Corey W. Dyck & Brigitte Sassen - forthcoming - Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
  3. The Epistemology of Testimony: Locke and His Critics.Kenneth L. Pearce - forthcoming - In Stephen Howard & Jack Stetter (eds.), The Edinburgh Critical History of Early Modern and Enlightenment Philosophy. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
    Contemporary discussions of the epistemology of testimony are often framed in terms of the disagreement on this topic between Hume and Reid. However, it is widely assumed that, prior to Hume, philosophers in the grip of Enlightenment individualism neglected philosophical questions about testimony, simply treating testimony as ordinary empirical evidence. In fact, although the evidential model of testimony was popular in early modern philosophy, it was also the subject of vigorous debate. This chapter examines Locke's defence of the evidential model (...)
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  4. Leibniz’s Moral Psychology of an Evil Person.Evelyn Vargas & Markku Roinila - forthcoming - Dialogue.
    Our focus in this article concerns Leibniz’s views on evil. Our goal is to examine which are the consequences of his conception of moral agency for the moral psychology of the genuinely evil person. For Leibniz, moral failure is an epistemic error since it involves some false practical judgement. Moral maxims may be represented in blind or symbolic cognitions, but then moral agents can misrepresent the evil consequences of their behaviour. Finally, we discuss Leibniz’s view on habits that may help (...)
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  5. Leibniz on Possibilia, Creation, and the Reality of Essences.Peter Myrdal, Arto Repo & Valtteri Viljanen - 2023 - Philosophers' Imprint 23 (17).
    This paper reconsiders Leibniz’s conception of the nature of possible things and offers a novel interpretation of the actualization of possible substances. This requires analyzing a largely neglected notion, the reality of individual essences. Thus far scholars have tended to construe essences as representational items in God’s intellect. We acknowledge that finite essences have being in the divine intellect but insist that they are also grounded in the infinite essence of God, as limitations of it. Indeed, we show that it (...)
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  6. Kant on the (alleged) Leibnizian misconception of the difference between sensible and intellectual representations.Anja Jauernig - 2021 - In Leibniz and Kant. Oxford/New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 177-210.
    Kant attacks the Leibnizians on various fronts but the objection that occurs most frequently in his writings is that they are committed to an untenable conception of the relation between sensible and intellectual representations. They regard the difference between intellectual and sensible representations as a merely ‘logical’ difference that concerns their form, namely, their different degrees of distinctness, while in truth it is a difference in kind that concerns their nature, origin, and content. In the first part of this essay, (...)
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  7. Imaginative Animals: Leibniz's Logic of Imagination.Lucia Oliveri - 2021 - Stoccarda, Germania: Steiner Verlag.
    Through the reconstruction of Leibniz's theory of the degrees of knowledge, this e-book investigates and explores the intrinsic relationship of imagination with space and time. The inquiry into this relationship defines the logic of imagination that characterizes both human and non-human animals, albeit differently, making them two different species of imaginative animals. -/- Lucia Oliveri explains how the emergence of language in human animals goes hand in hand with the emergence of thought and a different form of rationality constituted by (...)
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  8. Normes et objets du savoir dans les premiers essais leibniziens.Marine Picon - 2021 - Paris: Classiques Garnier. Edited by Pierre-François Moreau.
    Is the leibnizian'doctrine of science laying on a doctrine of knowledge? This book demonstrates that there is not such a dependence in Leibniz'searlier writings in which the theory of science is established, independently of any doctrine of understanting.
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  9. Tekoälyn varhaishistoriaa: laskevia koneita ja spirituaalisia automaatteja.Markku Roinila - 2021 - In Panu Raatikainen (ed.), Tekoäly, ihminen ja yhteiskunta : filosofisia näkökulmia. Helsinki: Gaudeamus. pp. 21-37.
    Hahmottelen tässä artikkelissa tekoälyn historiaa varhaismodernin filosofian aikakaudella 1600–1700-luvuilla. Esittelemäni aiheet ovat hieman erillisiä toisistaan, mutta yhteistä niille on ajatus komputaatiosta tai automaatiosta, eräänlaisesta mekaanisesta laskemisesta tai toiminnasta, jota voi pitää tekoälyn varhaisena lähtökohtana. -/- On kuitenkin huomattava, että pelkkä komputaatio eli informaation käsittely sinänsä ei riitä tekoälylle – kaikkia näitä pyrkimyksiä leimaa tietynlainen epistemologinen optimismi: automatisoidun ajattelun avulla uskotaan saatavan enemmän laadukasta tietoa ja kenties myös uudenlaisia ajatuksia, kun ajatteluprosessi tulee sujuvammaksi. Tekoälyn varhaishistoria liittyy siis nimenomaan inhimillisen ajattelun mekanisoimiseen (...)
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  10. Leibniz and the Structure of Sciences: Modern Perspectives on the History of Logic, Mathematics, Epistemology, ed. Vincenzo De Risi.Laurynas Adomaitis - 2020 - The Leibniz Review 30:163-171.
  11. Judgement in Leibniz’s Conception of the Mind: Predication, Affirmation, and Denial.Christian Barth - 2020 - Topoi (3).
    The aim of the paper is to illuminate some core aspects of Leibniz’s conception of judgement and its place in his conception of the mind. In particular, the paper argues for three claims: First, the act of judgement is at the centre of Leibniz’s conception of the mind in that minds strive at actualising innate knowledge concerning derivative truths, where the actualising involves an act of judgement. Second, Leibniz does not hold a judgement account of predication, but a two-component account (...)
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  12. G.W. Leibniz: Sign and the Problem of Expression.Dimitri A. Bayuk & Olga B. Fedorova - 2020 - Epistemology and Philosophy of Science 57 (1):146-165.
    The disciplinary differentiation of sciences attracted Leibniz’s attention for a long period of time. From nowadays prospects it looks very well grounded as soon as in Leibniz’s manuscripts a modern scholar finds clue ideas of any research field which would tempt him to consider Leibniz as one of the founders of this particular discipline. We argue that this is possible only in retrospection and would significantly distort the essence of Leibniz’s epistemology. Our approach implies, in contrary, the investigation of the (...)
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  13. Leibniz's Key Philosophical Writings: A Guide.Paul Lodge & Lloyd Strickland (eds.) - 2020 - Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
    This volume presents introductory chapters from internationally-renowned experts on eleven of Leibniz's key philosophical writings. Offering accessible accounts of the ideas and arguments of his work, along with information on their composition and context, this book is an invaluable companion to the study of Leibniz.
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  14. Continuity, containment, and coincidence: Leibniz in the history of the exact sciences: Vincenzo De Risi (ed.): Leibniz and the structure of sciences: modern perspectives on the history of logic, mathematics, and epistemology. Dordrecht: Springer, 2019, 298pp, 103.99€ HB.Christopher P. Noble - 2020 - Metascience 29 (3):523-526.
  15. Equivalence of hypotheses and Galilean censure in Leibniz: A conspiracy or a way to moderate censure?Laurynas Adomaitis - 2019 - Revue d'Histoire des Sciences 72 (1):63-85.
    Spending six months in Rome in 1689 Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (1646–1716) occupied himself with the question of Copernican and Galilean censure. An established reading of the Rome papers suggests that Leibniz’s attempt to have the Copernican censure lifted was derived solely from the equivalence of hypotheses stemming from the relativity of motion; and involved Leibniz’s compromising his belief in the truth of the Copernican hypothesis by arguing that it should only be interpreted instrumentally; and that Leibniz believed in the unrestricted (...)
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  16. The Idea of Continuity as Mathematical-Philosophical Invariant.Eldar Amirov - 2019 - Metafizika 2 (8):p. 87-100.
  17. Leibniz and the Structure of Sciences: Modern Perspectives on the History of Logic, Mathematics, Epistemology.Vincenzo De Risi (ed.) - 2019 - Springer.
    The book offers a collection of essays on various aspects of Leibniz’s scientific thought, written by historians of science and world-leading experts on Leibniz. The essays deal with a vast array of topics on the exact sciences: Leibniz’s logic, mereology, the notion of infinity and cardinality, the foundations of geometry, the theory of curves and differential geometry, and finally dynamics and general epistemology. Several chapters attempt a reading of Leibniz’s scientific works through modern mathematical tools, and compare Leibniz’s results in (...)
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  18. Finite minds and their representations in Leibniz and Kant.Anja Jauernig - 2019 - Internationales Jahrbuch des Deutschen Idealismus / International Yearbook of German Idealism 14:47-80.
    This essay examines some of the ways in which the assumption of the essential finitude of the human mind, in contrast to the infinitude of God’s mind, bears on Leibniz’s and Kant’s accounts of our representational capacities. This examination reveals several underappreciated similarities between their views, but also some notable differences that help us pinpoint where and in what ways Kant departs from his celebrated predecessor. The fruits of this examination are a better understanding of Kant’s conception of the discursivity (...)
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  19. Common Notions and Instincts as Sources of Moral Knowledge in Leibniz’s New Essays on Human Understanding.Markku Roinila - 2019 - Journal of Early Modern Studies 8 (1):141-170.
    In his defense of innateness in New Essays on Human Understanding (1704), Leibniz attributes innateness to concepts and principles which do not originate from the senses rather than to the ideas that we are born with. He argues that the innate concepts and principles can be known in two ways: through reason or natural light (necessary truths), and through instincts (other innate truths and principles). In this paper I will show how theoretical and moral reasoning differ from each other in (...)
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  20. Leibniz’s Legacy and Impact.Julia Weckend & Lloyd Strickland (eds.) - 2019 - New York: Routledge.
    This volume tells the story of the legacy and impact of the great German polymath Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (1646-1716). Leibniz made significant contributions to many areas, including philosophy, mathematics, political and social theory, theology, and various sciences. The essays in this volume explores the effects of Leibniz’s profound insights on subsequent generations of thinkers by tracing the ways in which his ideas have been defended and developed in the three centuries since his death. Each of the 11 essays is concerned (...)
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  21. Reflection, Intelligibility, and Leibniz’s Case Against Materialism.Julia Borcherding - 2018 - History of Philosophy & Logical Analysis 21:44-68.
    Leibniz’s claim that it is possible for us to gain metaphysical knowledge through reflection on the self has intrigued many commentators, but it has also often been criticized as flawed or unintelligible. A similar fate has beset Leibniz’s arguments against materialism. In this paper, I explore one of Leibniz’s lesser-known arguments against materialism from his reply to Bayle’s new note L (1702), and argue that it provides us with an instance of a Leibnizian “argument from reflection”. This argument, I further (...)
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  22. Leibniz, a Friend of Molinism.Juan Garcia - 2018 - Res Philosophica 95 (3):397-420.
    Leibniz is commonly labeled a foe of Molinism. His rejection of robust libertarian freedom coupled with some explicit passages in which he distances himself from the doctrine of middle knowledge seem to justify this classification. In this paper, I argue that this standard view is not quite correct. I identify the two substantive tenets of Molinism. First, the connection between the conditions for free actions and these free actions is a contingent one: free actions follow contingently from their sufficient conditions. (...)
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  23. Leibniz Erkenntnistheoretischer Realist: Grundlinien Seiner Erkenntnislehre (Classic Reprint).Bernhard Jansen - 2018 - Forgotten Books.
    Excerpt from Leibniz Erkenntnistheoretischer Realist: Grundlinien Seiner Erkenntnislehre Jansen, Bernhard, Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz. Zum 200. Gedenktag seines Todes (14. Nov. Stimmen der Zeit, 92. Bd (1916) S. 160 - 177 Freiburg i. Dr. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in (...)
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  24. Leibniz’s Formal Theory of Contingency.Jeffrey McDonough & Zeynep Soysal - 2018 - History of Philosophy & Logical Analysis 21 (1):17-43.
    This essay argues that, with his much-maligned “infinite analysis” theory of contingency, Leibniz is onto something deep and important – a tangle of issues that wouldn’t be sorted out properly for centuries to come, and then only by some of the greatest minds of the twentieth century. The first two sections place Leibniz’s theory in its proper historical context and draw a distinction between Leibniz’s logical and meta-logical discoveries. The third section argues that Leibniz’s logical insights initially make his “infinite (...)
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  25. Leibnizin pienet havainnot ja tunteiden muodostuminen.Markku Roinila - 2018 - Havainto.
    Keskityn siihen miten Leibnizilla yksittäiset mielihyvän tai mielipahan tiedostamattomat havainnot voivat kasautua tai tiivistyä ja muodostaa vähitellen tunteita, joista tulemme tietoisiksi.
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  26. Leibniz’s Theory of Propositional Terms.Marko Malink - 2017 - The Leibniz Review 27:139-155.
  27. Clear and Distinct Ideas in Eighteenth Century Germany: Metaphysics, Logic, Aesthetics.Colin McQuillan - 2017 - In Manuel Sánchez-Rodríguez & Miguel Escribano (eds.), Leibniz en Dialogo. Seville: Themata.
  28. Leibniz: The Birthplace of Modern Aesthetics.Masoud Olya & Mani Rashtipour - 2017 - Journal of Philosophical Investigations at University of Tabriz 11 (20):157-177.
    Leibniz’s philosophy has been subject to many studies, but few have addressed aesthetic aspects of his theory. What Leibniz has written concerning aesthetic issues is scattered all through his works, and were we to understand his aesthetic ideas we must bring these dispersed parts together for explanation and interpretation. In the present paper, I attempted to extract Leibniz ideas pertaining to aesthetics, and to introduce, on their basis, a unified aesthetic theory of his, and demonstrate the importance of this theory (...)
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  29. Leibniz: The Birthplace of Modern Aesthetics.Masoud Olya & Mani Rashtipour - 2017 - Journal of Philosophical Investigations 11 (20):157-177.
    Leibniz’s philosophy has been subject to many studies, but few have addressed aesthetic aspects of his theory. What Leibniz has written concerning aesthetic issues is scattered all through his works, and were we to understand his aesthetic ideas we must bring these dispersed parts together for explanation and interpretation. In the present paper, I attempted to extract Leibniz ideas pertaining to aesthetics, and to introduce, on their basis, a unified aesthetic theory of his, and demonstrate the importance of this theory (...)
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  30. Attention et aperception selon Leibniz : aspects cognitifs et éthiques.Arnaud Pelletier - 2017 - Les Etudes Philosophiques 120 (1):103-118.
    Leibniz n’a traité nulle part systématiquement de l’attention. Pourtant, en suivant le fil conducteur de l’attention comprise comme réflexion à soi et à ses propres actes, cet article montre qu’elle soulève différents problèmes liés à la constitution progressive du lexique de l’aperception. Le problème éthique d’un défaut d’attention amène Leibniz à reconnaître un mode non réfléchi de celle-ci, à en trouver le ressort naturel dans la constitution du corps percevant, et à la distinguer de l’aperception comprise comme réflexion à ce (...)
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  31. Operar e Exibir: Aspectos do Conhecimento Simbólico na Filosofia Tractariana da Matemática.Gisele Dalva Secco & Pedro Maggi Rech Noguez - 2017 - Revista Portuguesa de Filosofia 73 (3-4):1463-1492.
    We offer a reading of some passages from Wittgenstein’s Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus in which, dealing with the symbolic constructions of arithmetic, Wittgenstein puts in motion the most outstanding features of Leibniz’s concept of Symbolic Knowledge: the computational and the “ecthetic” functions of the notion of Symbolic Blind Though. We begin with a brief presentation of some conceptual distinctions proposed by Oscar Miguel Esquisabel in his investigation about the Leibnizian origin of the tradition of Symbolic Knowledge. We then contrast these topics with (...)
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  32. Tercentenary Essays on the Philosophy & Science of G.W. Leibniz.Lloyd Strickland, Erik Vynckier & Julia Weckend - 2017 - Cham: Palgrave-Macmillan.
    This book presents new research into key areas of the work of German philosopher and mathematician Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (1646-1716). Reflecting various aspects of Leibniz's thought, this book offers a collection of original research arranged into four separate themes: Science, Metaphysics, Epistemology, and Religion and Theology. With in-depth articles by experts such as Maria Rosa Antognazza, Nicholas Jolley, Agustín Echavarría, Richard Arthur and Paul Lodge, this book is an invaluable resource not only for readers just beginning to discover Leibniz, but (...)
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  33. Leibniz y la hermeneutica: Perspectivismo y funsion de horizontes.Oscar Esquisabel - 2016 - Dissertatio 43 (S3):35-72.
    El objetivo de este trabajo es exponer una aproximación a los puntos de contacto y de divergencia entre el pensamiento de Leibniz y la hermenéutica de Gadamer, en la perspectiva de justificar la actualidad del pensamiento leibniziano desde el punto de vista de la concepción actual de la racionalidad. La hermenéutica propone un concepto de razón “débil” que se funda en la noción de fusión de horizontes, que puede ser interpretado como una forma de perspectivismo. Como contrapartida, se examina el (...)
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  34. Dimensión lógica y ontològica de la verdad. Leibniz, Descartes.Ma Socorro Fernández García - 2016 - Enrahonar: Quaderns de Filosofía 1:95.
  35. Leibniz's Passionate Knowledge.Markku Roinila - 2016 - Blityri (1/2 2015):75-85.
    In §18 of Principles of Nature and Grace, Based on Reason, Leibniz says: ”Thus our happiness will never consist, and must never consist, in complete joy, in which nothing is left to desire, and which would dull our mind, but must consist in a perpetual progress to new pleasures and new perfections.” -/- This passage is typical in Leibniz’s Nachlass. Universal perfection creates in us joy or pleasure of the mind and its source is our creator, God. When this joy (...)
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  36. "La place d'autrui": Perspectivismo y normatividad según Leibniz.Evelyn Vargas - 2016 - Dissertatio 43 (S3):73-85.
    Mi propósito en este artículo es analizar una forma de perspectivismo entendido como un tipo de escepticismo, y los argumentos de Leibniz en contra de él. Discuto cómo esta forma de perspectivismo conduce a la isostheneia y a la suspensión del juicio, y presento la estrategia de Leibniz para impedir estas consecuencias escépticas, y finalmente ofrezco un ejemplo de esta estrategia.
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  37. On Hypothetical Judgements and Leibniz’s Notion of Conditional Right.Shahid Rahman - 2015 - In Sandrine Chassagnard-Pinet, Patrice Canivez & Matthias Armgardt (eds.), Past and Present Interactions in Legal Reasoning and Logic. Springer Verlag.
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  38. Atidesnis Žvilgsnis Į Leibnizą.Laurynas Adomaitis - 2014 - Problemos 85:167-168.
    Translator's introduction to Leibniz's correspondence with Michelangelo Fardella.
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  39. Leibniz's Twofold Gap Between Moral Knowledge and Motivation.Julia Jorati - 2014 - British Journal for the History of Philosophy 22 (4):748-766.
    Moral rationalists and sentimentalists traditionally disagree on at least two counts, namely regarding the source of moral knowledge or moral judgements and regarding the source of moral motivation. I will argue that even though Leibniz's moral epistemology is very much in line with that of mainstream moral rationalists, his account of moral motivation is better characterized as sentimentalist. Just like Hume, Leibniz denies that there is a necessary connection between knowing that something is right and the motivation to act accordingly. (...)
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  40. The Epistemological Functions of Symbolization in Leibniz’s Universal Characteristic.Christian Leduc - 2014 - Foundations of Science 19 (1):53-68.
    Leibniz’s universal characteristic is a fundamental aspect of his theory of cognition. Without symbols or characters it would be difficult for the human mind to define several concepts and to achieve many demonstrations. In most disciplines, and particularly in mathematics, the mind must then focus on symbols and their combinatorial rules rather than on mental contents. For Leibniz, mental perception is most of the time too confused for attaining distinct notions and valid deductions. In this paper, I argue that the (...)
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  41. Actualism and Analyticity: Leibniz's early thoughts towards a synthesis between Lutheran metaphysics and the foundation of knowledge.Marine Picon - 2014 - The Leibniz Review 24:47-67.
    Recent scholarship has established that, until the mid-1670s, Leibniz did not hold the possibilist ontology which, in his mature philosophy, provides the foundation for both his account of human freedom and of eternal truth. Concentrating on the Mainz period , this paper examines the conciliation, in those early writings, of an actualist ontology and a conception of necessary truth as analytical. The first section questions the view that Leibniz was educated in a “Platonist” tradition; the second section presents the actualist (...)
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  42. Purely Practical Reason: Normative Epistemology from Leibniz to Maimon.Daniel Whistler - 2014 - Epoché: A Journal for the History of Philosophy 18 (2):395-419.
    In this paper, I contend that a crucial historical precedent for contemporary interest in virtue epistemology is to be found in Leibniz-Wolffian rationalism. For philosophers from Wolff to Lessing, epistemology was thoroughly normative; that is, the task of epistemology was not to describe knowledge, but set rules for the amelioration of knowledge. Such a normative stance was transferred into cognate disciplines, such as aesthetics, as well. I further argue that after Kant’s Copernican revolution in philosophy in 1781 strands of this (...)
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  43. Acerca del pensamiento ciego en Leibniz.María Julia Bertolio - 2013 - Tópicos: Revista de Filosofía 44:149-175.
    Leibniz afirma que el pensamiento humano se encuentra inevitablemente mediado por signos. Al mismo tiempo, considera que no tenemos acceso a las cosas sino por medio de las ideas y no tenemos acceso a las ideas sino por medio de los signos. De modo que sólo contamos con signos, algunos de ellos verdaderos, algunos falsos. Distinguir unos de otros constituye entonces la clave para alcanzar el conocimiento. El presente trabajo abordará la problemática del conocimiento “ciego” en Leibniz evaluando los recursos (...)
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  44. X—Epistemology Past and Present.John Carriero - 2013 - Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society 113 (2pt2):175-200.
    ABSTRACTI draw attention to certain differences between how seventeenth‐century philosophers thought about knowledge and how contemporary philosophers think about it. These differences do not strike me as particularly subtle; they are gross enough that we might wonder about the extent to which seventeenthth‐century philosophers and modern philosophers are interested in the same thing. We might also wonder about the extent to which it is helpful to apply the same label—say, ‘epistemology’—to both sets of interests. I think, for example, one might (...)
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  45. Purely Practical Reason: Normative Epistemology from Leibniz to Maimon.Daniel Whistler - 2013 - Epoché: A Journal for the History of Philosophy 17 (2):395-419.
    In this paper, I contend that a crucial historical precedent for contemporary interest in virtue epistemology is to be found in Leibniz-Wolffian rationalism. For philosophers from Wolff to Lessing, epistemology was thoroughly normative; that is, the task of epistemology was not to describe knowledge, but set rules for the amelioration of knowledge. Such a normative stance was transferred into cognate disciplines, such as aesthetics, as well. I further argue that after Kant’s Copernican revolution in philosophy in 1781 strands of this (...)
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  46. Leibniz and the art machine the ship of theseus and the epistemic identity of Leibniz's aggregates.Andrea Costa - 2012 - Verifiche: Rivista Trimestrale di Scienze Umane 41 (4).
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  47. Meditaciones sobre el conocimiento, la verdad y las ideas.Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz - 2012 - Disputatio. Philosophical Research Bulletin 1 (2):113--123.
    [ES] En este breve trabajo, se presenta una edición bilingüe de Meditationes de cognitione, vertitate et ideis, de Leibniz. La importancia de este texto radica en que aquí se presentan, por vez primera, los elementos básicos de su teoría del conocimiento. [EN] In this brief article, a bilingual edition of Leibniz’s 1684 essay Meditationes de cognitione, vertitate et ideis is presented. The importance of this text rest in the fact that, for the first time, the basic elements of his theory (...)
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  48. Martine de Gaudemar and Philippe Hamou (eds.), Locke et Leibniz. Deux styles de rationalité. [REVIEW]Mogens Lærke - 2012 - The Leibniz Review 22:153-155.
  49. Knowledge and Suffering in Early Modern Philosophy: G.W. Leibniz and Anne Conway.Christia Mercer - 2012 - In Sabrina Ebbersmeyer (ed.), Emotional Minds. De Gruyter. pp. 179.
  50. Porque somos y no somos dioses: Leibniz, Descartes y Contralógicos.Shahid Rahman - 2012 - Eidos: Revista de Filosofía de la Universidad Del Norte 16:12-38.
    El objetivo principal de este trabajo es plantear la controversia entre Descartes y Leibniz en torno a las verdades eternas como constituyente de diversos diálogos incluyendo los contralógicos: diálogos en los cuales Descartes y Leibniz representan perspectivas distintas en relación con las elecciones posibles para la determinación de normas de racionalidad. Cada uno de estos diálogos tiene un aspecto universal o monológico (determinado por la estrategia de ganancia), y un aspecto eminentemente contextual y dialógico determinado por el nivel de juego. (...)
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