Slogans have always been highly popular in China. They are extensively used in politics, as a typical form of public behavior. They are the most convenient and practical means of mobilizing people. Many political slogans or posters are still fresh in the memories of those who experienced the years of war or revolution in China. The most familiar slogans for people these days are those of the Communist Party of China, which exerted an enormous influence on people’s lives. The English (...) word ‘slogan’ has two corresponding meanings in Chinese: ‘slogan’ and ‘poster’. Slogans are designed to be chanted, exclaimed or shouted by people in public, thus appealing to people’s sense of hearing. Posters are designed to be written, and hence appeal to people’s sense of vision. This paper explores political slogans from the viewpoint of logics. It analyzes their stipulative structure and the implicit presuppositions they contain. It argues that, from a formal point of view, effective slogans should be free from logical fallacy, easy to remember, and rationally demonstrable. (shrink)

In Mainland China, due to dominant status and decisive function of Marxism philosophy, philosophy has developed as the state ideology since the foundation of People’s Republic of China in 1949. However, since the 1990s the humanities and social sciences have been experiencing an obvious academic turn in Mainland China. The event first set in with a debate on academic norms and with the debate the academic norms have gradually become the mainstreamin Mainland China. In accordance with the division of disciplines (...) in Mainland China, philosophy as the first-level discipline is subdivided into eight second-level disciplines: Marxist philosophy, Chinese philosophy, foreign philosophy, logic, ethics, aesthetics, religion, and philosophy of science and technology. Roughly speaking, aesthetics, ethics and Marxist philosophy have a remarkable turn, while others just have a weak one. The turn signifies the achievement of the academic autonomy of philosophy in China; and the turn also means that philosophy scholars have realized their transition to professional status. (shrink)

There are at least five kinds of causative constructions in Chinese, the constructions of the collocation of verbs and prepositional phrases, verb-copying constructions, “ba” constructions with an object ahead, verb-copying constructions with their complements, and pivotal constructions with commands. But the current type-logical grammar has no tools representing the meanings of causative constructions. It would be neither intuitive nor simple to describe these constructions by means of the current type-logical grammar. So we intend to improve the type-logical grammar by adding (...) CAUSE as a logical constant, complementing the structure rules about the movement and addition or deletion of some components of causative constructions, assigning categories to Chinese nouns and prepositions; then we give an intuitive as well as simple analysis on these causative constructions. Based on this work we shall extend the multimodal system of type-logical grammar, increase structure postulates, make constraints on frame semantics, and then prove the soundness and completeness of that system. (shrink)

Civility is formed by social norms that guide our behavior and allow us to interact appropriately with others. These norms affect everyone and are learned through the socialization process. However, in the same process, people also learn gender norms that dictate how men and women should behave, leading to gender stereotypes and differentiated behavioral characteristics. The purpose of this research is to examine the relationship between gender and civility, and how we react to those who behave uncivilly given their gender. (...) The results of Study 1 showed that even in a fictional and gender-neutral society, uncivil behaviors were associated with stereotypically masculine characteristics, and those who behaved uncivilly were dehumanized. In Study 2, gender differences were observed in incivility. Women were harsher when facing uncivil transgressors than men, especially if the transgressor was another woman. Our findings support the notion that gender norms are applied to civility, leading those supposedly equal social norms to unequal perceptions and evaluations. (shrink)

The advent of the intelligence age has injected new elements into the development of literature. The synergic modification of Anglo-American traumatic narrative literature by artificial intelligence technology and interactive design psychology will produce new possibilities in literary creation. First, by studying natural language processing technology, this study proposes a modification language model based on the double-layered recurrent neural network algorithm and constructs an intelligent language modification system based on the improved LM model. The results show that the performance of the (...) proposed model is excellent; only about 30% of the respondents like AAL literature; the lack of common cultural background, appreciation difficulties, and language barriers have become the main reasons for the decline of reading willingness of AAL literature. Finally, AI technology and ID psychology are used to modify a famous TN work respectively and synergically, and the modified work is appreciated by respondents to collect their comments. The results corroborate that 62% of the respondents like original articles, but their likability scores have decreased for individually modified work by AI or ID psychology. In comparison, under the synergic modification efforts of AI and ID psychology, the popularity of the modified work has increased slightly, with 65% of the respondents showing a likability to read. Therefore, it is concluded that literary modification by single ID psychology or AI technology will reduce the reading threshold by trading off the literary value of the original work. The core of literary creation depends on human intelligence, and AI might still not be able to generate high-standard literary works independently because human minds and thoughts cannot be controlled and predicted by machines. The research results provide new ideas and improvement directions for the field of AI-assisted writing. (shrink)

Infra-white : an impossible beginning -- Color and white, the blank canvas : the reverse reconstruction of non-dimension -- Remnant and white, color and blankness, qi and white -- Empty and white, empty-empty-substance-substance, the empty room filled with light -- The white layout of the 'Woodcutter fighting for the path' : the ethics of remnant yielding.

上帝不是被我們殺死了，上帝不是自身獻祭虛己了，上帝不是被銷蝕了，上帝不是自身回撤了，而是，上帝變得無用了。當卡夫卡寫出「只有彌賽亞變得無用時才會到來」的弔詭語句時，其實中國道家的思想已經潛入了喀巴拉神 秘主義的彌賽亞精神之中。 無用的神學如何？一個無用的上帝如何構成救贖的機會與條件？這是在後現代神學之後，中國莊子思想以道「無用之大用」的雙重逆覺與弔詭邏輯，面對現代性危機，在轉化自身自然性的同時，也轉化西方唯一神的彌賽亞性，讓 無用的自然與無用的彌賽亞重新相遇，並且相互轉化。 以莊子的無用之思重構一個在班雅明、海德格爾、德里達等人之間的跨文化對話：蕭勒姆的喀巴拉主義Zimzum回縮與剩餘種子，柏拉圖與德里達的虛位Chora，老莊道家的生命自然化靈府胚胎，當代幹細胞技術的可再 生性，通過「第五維度」的虛托邦來施行世界時間政治的深度綜合，以「餘讓」和「集讓」的原初倫理姿態，讓虛無破碎的世界得以整體性復原，「無用的神學」才得以可能。.

Quantum B‐algebras are partially ordered algebras characterizing the residuated structure of a quantale. Examples arise in algebraic logic, non‐commutative arithmetic, and quantum theory. A quantum B‐algebra with trivial partial order is equivalent to a group. The paper introduces a corresponding analogue of quantale modules. It is proved that every quantum B‐module admits an injective envelope which is a quantale module. The injective envelope is constructed explicitly as a completion, a multi‐poset version of the completion of Dedekind and MacNeille.

This study validated the school psychological capital scale in the Chinese context and examined the predictive effect of PsyCap resources on academic engagement and achievement emotions. Self-report data for PsyCap resources, student engagement, enjoyment, anxiety, and boredom toward English learning were collected from 1,000 sophomores. Item-level analyses and confirmatory factor analysis were used to verify the validity of the school PsyCap scale, and structural equation modeling was applied to reveal the predictive effect of school PsyCap resources on academic engagement and (...) achievement emotions. Results showed that the school PsyCap scale retained superior psychometric properties. Besides, PsyCap resources were demonstrated to have a positive relationship to academic engagement and enjoyment, and a negative relationship to anxiety and boredom. The effectiveness of the school PsyCap scale was verified among Chinese college students, and besides the traditional predictors, school PsyCap is also critically important for students’ academic engagement and achievement emotions. Limitations and implications are discussed. (shrink)

The significant role of skill in Zhuangzi’s good life has been argued by most Zhuangzi scholars. However, there is ongoing debate concerning the psychological and behavioral mechanisms that underwr...

This work has aimed to investigate the consumers’ green product purchase attitudes and behavioral intention during COVID-19 pandemic. Data was collected through a survey method of 503 consumers in Malaysia. Data were analyzed using the partial least square method. The findings revealed that fear of COVID-19 pandemic has a significant impact on green product behavioral intention. Green product literacy, green product orientation, and social influence have a significant influence on green product purchase attitudes. The results also indicated that consumers’ green (...) product purchase attitudes mediate the effect of green product literacy, green product orientation, and social influence on behavioral intention. The findings of this work will provide strategically relevant references to green marketers and retail managers in the understanding of consumers’ green product purchase attitudes and green product behavioral intention during the ongoing uncertainty of the COVID-19 pandemic. (shrink)

ABSTRACTDynamic changes in emotional expressions are a valuable source of information in social interactions. As the expressive behaviour of a person changes, the inferences drawn from the behaviour may also change. Here, we test the possibility that dynamic changes in emotional expressions affect person perception in terms of stable trait attributions. Across three experiments, we examined perceivers’ inferences about others’ personality traits from changing emotional expressions. Expressions changed from one emotion to another emotion, allowing us to disentangle potential primacy, recency, (...) and averaging effects. Drawing on three influential models of person perception, we examined perceptions of dominance and affiliation, competence and warmth, and dominance and trustworthiness. A strong recency effect was consistently found across all trait judgments, that is, the end emotion of dynamic expressions had a strong impact on t... (shrink)

Habermas absorb and integrate the achievements of contemporary philosophy of language, formed their own philosophy of language - in the form of pragmatics. This theory of speech acts by the meaning of the effectiveness of its intrinsic correlation between the demands of the analysis, pointed out the significance of speech acts only in the order presented in communicative action. Interpretation of speech acts in the ultimate source of the problem, Habermas introduces Husserl's "life-world" theory, and it was the transformation of (...) the form of pragmatics. Form pragmatics of life-world theory digestion of Husserl's life-world theory, a priori, while broadening the theory of Weber's rationalization of the behavior of sight. Habermas has absorbed and integrated many kinds of contemporary philosophy of language and constituted his own one, which is named formal linguistics. By analyzing the internal connection between the meaning of speech act and its validity claims, Habermas has emphasized that the meaning of speech act can be only demonstrated in communicative action. In the final analysis to the origin of meaning of speech act, he introduces Husserl's theory of lifeworld and reformulates it from the point of the formal linguistics. Habermas' theory of lifeworld removes the transcendental element existing in Husserl's theory , it enlarges Weber's theoretical horizon on rationalization of action at the same time. (shrink)

Impossible de considérer la promotion, l’essor et le développement des idées libérales en Chine au xx e siècle sans prendre en compte la figure de Hu Shi (1891-1962) et l’influence que son œuvre exerça. Pendant toute sa vie intellectuelle, Hu Shi se tint au premier rang des intellectuels chinois désireux de moderniser leur pays. Parti se former aux États-Unis très tôt, il concentra ses recherches sur les (r)évolutions littéraires et entreprit d’analyser l’histoire de la philosophie chinoise avec les méthodes scientifiques (...) occidentales. Il entendait non seulement changer les façons de parler et d’écrire dans le monde académique, mais encore les styles de pensée et de vie au sein de la population chinoise. Il devint l’un des plus prestigieux intellectuels de la Chine moderne, en s’engageant activement dans la vie politique. Il poursuivitl’idéal d’une « bonne gouvernance », même en régime de parti unique. L’invasion par le Japon interrompit ses efforts et la guerre civile le mit en difficulté, quoiqu’il ait aidé dans une certaine mesure à restaurer l’autorité d’une administration centrale indispensable à un pays en voie de développement au territoire immense et à la population énorme : les efforts à déployer pour le moderniser vite et fort sont à cette mesure. Hu Shi dut quitter la Chine continentale. Dans les dernières années de sa vie, il fut un symbole de la relation entre les États-Unis et le régime du Kuomintang à Taïwan, mais nombre de ceux qu’il avait formés et qui étaient restés en Chine continentale critiquaient sa position, au sein de la communauté académique. Or Hu Shi prit lui-même ses distances avec le Kuomintang (KMT dans cet article), en levant toujours haut la bannière du libéralisme et d’une « Chine libre ». Classification JEL : B13, B31, N25, P26. (shrink)

Molecular chaperones in cells constantly monitor and bind to exposed hydrophobicity in newly synthesized proteins and assist them in folding or targeting to cellular membranes for insertion. However, proteins can be misfolded or mistargeted, which often causes hydrophobic amino acids to be exposed to the aqueous cytosol. Again, chaperones recognize exposed hydrophobicity in these proteins to prevent nonspecific interactions and aggregation, which are harmful to cells. The chaperone‐bound misfolded proteins are then decorated with ubiquitin chains denoting them for proteasomal degradation. (...) It remains enigmatic how molecular chaperones can mediate both maturation of nascent proteins and ubiquitination of misfolded proteins solely based on their exposed hydrophobic signals. In this review, we propose a dynamic ubiquitination and deubiquitination model in which ubiquitination of newly synthesized proteins serves as a “fix me” signal for either refolding of soluble proteins or retargeting of membrane proteins with the help of chaperones and deubiquitinases. Such a model would provide additional time for aberrant nascent proteins to fold or route for membrane insertion, thus avoiding excessive protein degradation and saving cellular energy spent on protein synthesis. Also see the video abstract here: https://youtu.be/gkElfmqaKG4. (shrink)

The aim is to deeply understand the current situation of College English Teaching. By consulting the theories of Deep Learning and Edge Computing, this work designs a Questionnaire Survey to understand the current situation of college English learning and teaching. Then, Adaptive Deep Learning and EC are introduced into CET. Finally, the corresponding conclusions and suggestions are drawn. Specifically, the purpose and time of college students’ vocabulary learning are investigated. The results suggest that students’ English vocabulary learning is shallow. They (...) have not really mastered the meaning and usage of vocabulary. Simultaneously, teachers’ vocabulary teaching methods are analyzed from three aspects: root affixes, vocabulary collocation, or repeated reading and memory. The teaching method is excellent from the teacher’s perspective but far from perfect from the students’ perspective. Introducing ADL and EC into CET enhances students’ class concentration time, homework submission efficiency, and academic performance. More than half of the students believe that the new teaching method introducing ADL and EC can make them more confident and motivated in English learning. Therefore, it has great reference significance for applying ADL and EC in CET. (shrink)

In order to explore, from the perspective of the social ecological model, the relationship and its mechanism linking public risk familiarity and mental health during the new coronary pneumonia epidemic, the new coronary pneumonia epidemic risk perception scale, psychological resilience scale, Chinese mental health scale, and SARS familiarity scale were used 741 members of the public were surveyed as research objects. The results show that: When gender, age, and educational background are controlled, risk familiarity has a significant positive predictive effect (...) on public mental health; Risk familiarity predicts mental health through the mediating effect of mental toughness; The mediating effect of mental toughness is moderated by the public’s familiarity with SARS. Specifically, for members of the public with low SARS familiarity, the indirect effect of risk familiarity on mental health through mental toughness is smaller than that for those with high SARS familiarity. The results of this study integrate psychological resilience into the theory of risk cognition, which has implications for the improvement of public mental health. (shrink)

In this paper, I deal with Heidegger’s evolving account of metaphysics, since Heidegger’s persistent concern, the question of being, is a basic metaphysical question. To date, most Heidegger scholars have focused only on a particular stage of Heidegger’s philosophy: either his early attempt to deconstruct metaphysics, or his efforts to overcome metaphysics in the 1930s, or his late embrace of ‘releasement’ from metaphysics. However, these limited approaches fail to address Heidegger’s different understandings of metaphysics, which lie at the root of (...) his changing approaches to the question of being. They also fail to explain whether there is any inner connection between the various approaches. Further, given Heidegger’s unremittingly negative attitude towards metaphysics, some scholars have even maintained that Heidegger thought it both possible and desirable to leave metaphysics behind altogether. I address these issues first by arguing that metaphysics for Heidegger has three interconnected meanings: initially it is the representation of the totality of things that are present-at-hand, a view subsequently developed into subjective representational thinking, and finally radicalized into an expression of the will to power. At each stage, Heidegger critiques the metaphysical tradition but never claims that it can be fully eliminated, since it is a mode of Dasein’s being and ultimately possiblized by being itself. For this reason, Heidegger’s own philosophy of being remains inseparable from metaphysics. (shrink)

本书从企业伦理学的一般理论出发,通过对企业伦理理论和实践依据以及企业伦理民族性的理论分析,结合对我国企业伦理演化和特征的实证研究,在对企业主体伦理行为进行理性经济分析的基础上,提出企业伦理的三大制约因 素为信息不对称、企业伦理素质残缺和市场不完善,制度有效供给不足是制约企业伦理的最终原因,并进一步从外部制度供给和企业内部机制构建两个视角为企业伦理提供了可行路径和对策措施。.

本卷阐述了明代前期理学向心学的演变及儒家佛道思想的交融;明代中期儒佛道思想的进一步融合与王守仁良知主体哲学的建立;明清道教等九章内容。.

Marx's concept of production is not only in the sense of understanding of historical materialism, but should be placed in the entire history of Western philosophy to dialysis. The theory of commodity fetishism by the specific analysis, we believe that the duality of Marx's labor theory of sublimation of Kant's thing-in theory, the relations of production areas to expose the history of Western philosophy is the pursuit of the illusion of certainty of abstract identity, revealing the dialectic essence of the (...) historical circumstances and human relations. Relations of production within the context of a critical attitude towards both the change in the basic formulation of the question of philosophy, but also reshape the basic position of philosophy, history of philosophy to achieve great change. Marx's category of mode of production should not only be interpreted in sense of historical materialism but also be melted into the integration of western philosophy history. By the concrete analyzing on Marx's theory of commodity fetishism, we come to the conclusion that not only was the theory of duality of labor as sublimation on Kant's theory of object in itself, but also Marx's category of relationship of production uncovered the abstract identity vision in which western philosophy have been in pursuit of the certitude from Enlightenment on, furthermore revealed the relation between core spirit of dialectic and human being 'historical circumstances. The critical attitude rooted into the theory of mode of production has changed the question mode as remolded the basic standpoint of philosophy and achieved the great transformation in philosophy history. (shrink)

1. This article chooses several LAOZI famous sayings, discusses the LAOZI philosophy the dialectical thought and its modern significance. And proposed that the philosophy should make the contribution for the world peace. 2. The atomic bomb and the violence, threaten humanity's life, is this century characteristic. The science is developed, the humanity has not obtained the perfect happiness, on the contrary is actually the threat which the world trend perishes. Take this fact as the example, has proven LAOZI “:为学日益,为道日损” dialectical (...) thought. 3. LAOZI said: “民不畏死,奈何以死惧之”. Its meaning is, regarding the death, feared that with did not fear, is relative, may transform. Resolves the contradiction with the military force, died the threat people, if the people did not fear death, you did not have the means. Explained that person's will, it cannot use the military force to conquer. Relieves various countries' dispute, with the military force is impossible. 4. LAOZI said: Why the world weakest water, can it have the flood tremendous strength? Is because has an invariable will. Always flows unceasingly, achieves thebalanced position, or the condition is tranquil, only then stops. But the humanity has one kind of forever invariable will similarly, is requests the equality, request peace. Therefore people's will, is the invincible tremendous strength. This is an eternal truth. (shrink)

1, this article chooses three famous sayings, discusses the laozi philosophy the dialectical thought and its modern significance. And the suggestion, the philosophy needs to make the contribution for the world peace 2, the atomic bomb and the violence, threaten humanity's life, is this century characteristic. The science is developed, the humanity has not obtained the perfect happiness, on the contrary actually is the threat which the world trend perishes. Take this fact as the example, has proven the Laozi "为学日益,为道日 (...) 损." Dialectical thought. 3, "民不畏死,奈何以死惧之" Laozi speech, its meaning is, regarding the death, feared with did not fear, is relative, may transform. Resolves the contradiction with the military force, died threatens others, if others do not fear death, you do not have themeans. Explained person's will, it cannot use the military force to conquer. Must solve the various countries dispute, is impossible with the military force. 4, the Laozi thought what the world is weakest is the water, it may have the flood tremendous strength, is because has an invariable intention. Always unceasingly flows, achieved the horizontal position, or the condition is tranquil, only then stops. But the humanity similarly has one forever invariable intention, is requests the equality, request peace. Therefore people's intention, is the invincible tremendous strength. This is a truth. (shrink)

STS scholarship has produced important insights about relationships between the roles of peer review and the social construction of knowledge. Yet, barriers related to access have been a continual challenge for such work. This article overcomes some past access challenges and explores peer review normativities operating in the new discipline of Engineering Education. In doing so, it contributes new insights about disciplinary development, interdisciplinarity, and peer review as a site of knowledge construction. In particular, it draws attention to an aspect (...) of peer review not previously discussed – how peer review normativities are shaped by disciplinary origins. A content analysis of peer review documentation revealed that a hyperfocus on methods, which can be traced back to disciplinary origins, continues to be a guiding normativity. However, interviews with editors revealed that they do not acknowledge that normativity. Implications of those findings and their misalignment are discussed, as are contrasts with the history of other disciplines. (shrink)

Moral hypocrisy (MH) occurs when people fail to practice what they preach. Despite the prevalence of the effect of social identity on an individual’s MH, few empirical studies have explored contextual factors that may help reduce MH. By conducting two experiments based on the research paradigm of real stranger presence, we examined how in-group and out-group strangers’ presence and moral behavior may contribute to reducing MH. The results of experiment 1 demonstrated that compared with the presence of out-group strangers, the (...) presence of in-group stranger could effectively inhibit MH (no significant difference between participants reported and actual donation proportions was obtained). The results of experiment 2 replicated and extended the results of experiment 1, first by showing that the presence of in-group strangers could effectively inhibit MH and then by revealing the influence of present strangers’ behavior (moral or hypocritical) on MH. The results indicated that strangers’ moral behavior could effectively eliminate participants’ MH, especially in the presence of in-group strangers. However, when present strangers exhibited hypocritical behavior, they exhibited no effect on participants’ MH, irrespective of the condition of in-group and out-group strangers. The current study provides empirical support for theories related to MH and moral decision making and contributes to the literature on in-group and out-group effects on MH and decision making. (shrink)

Prenatal alcohol exposure interferes with neurodevelopment. The brain is particularly susceptible to the adverse consequences of prenatal alcohol exposure, and numerous studies have documented changes to brain anatomy and function, as well as consequences for cognition, behavior, and mental health. Studies in typically developing individuals have shown that the brain undergoes dynamic developmental processes over an individual’s lifespan. Furthermore, magnetic resonance imaging studies in other neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders have shown that their developmental trajectories differ from the typical pattern. Therefore, (...) to understand long-term clinical outcomes of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, it is necessary to investigate changes in neurodevelopmental trajectories in this population. Here we review studies that have used MRI to evaluate changes in brain structure and function over time via cross-sectional or longitudinal methods in individuals with PAE. Research demonstrates that individuals with PAE have atypical cortical and white matter microstructural developmental trajectories through childhood and adolescence. More research is needed to understand how factors such as sex and postnatal experiences may further mediate these trajectories. Furthermore, nothing is known about the trajectories beyond young adulthood. (shrink)

This essay reads Hobbes’ account of human action against Aristotle’s accounts of animal motion and human action, thus offering a new perspective for understanding Hobbes’ account and illuminating a neglected aspect of Hobbes’ relationship to Aristotle. I argue that the basic structure of Hobbes’ account is indebted to Aristotle’s account of animal motion, except that Hobbes purges the teleological elements from his predecessor and presents a picture that is mechanistic and explicitly deterministic. Moreover, while Aristotle introduces ‘deliberation’ as a way (...) of explaining the diversity of human actions as their varied attempts at realizing the distinctly human end of the good life, Hobbes’ radically anti-Aristotelian notion of ‘deliberation’ explains that diversity in terms of the fundamental uncertainty of the passions. I conclude with some reflections on two related tensions in Hobbes: between Hobbes’ determinism and his account of human action, and between his ethical project of reducing human life to mere life and his separate ethical project of justifying diverse ways of life. This essay contributes to our understanding of the significance of Hobbes’ account of human action in both the history of the debate on determinism and the history of ethics. (shrink)