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Chinese Philosophy
Edited by Eirik Lang Harris (Colorado State University)
About this topic
| Summary | Chinese philosophy is built on the metaphysical assumption that qi (traditionally translated as “material force” or “vital energy”) pervades the Universe and all things are composed of qi. This ontology leads to a conception of the world as an organic whole, in which everything is interconnected – from nature to the human world, from inorganic objects to sensible things. Chinese philosophers had a purely this-worldly concern; their goal was to improve on the world given. Originated in the primitive form of nature worship, ancient Chinese developed a sense of admiration and affection towards the natural world around them. This religious spirit prompted a philosophical pursuit of the order of the universe and the ontological foundation for all existence. Ancient Chinese thinkers had an intense desire to find the best way to make the right political decisions, to alleviate social problems, and to properly conduct themselves. Sociopolitical philosophy and ethics are thus the two core areas in Chinese philosophy. At the same time, since social structure, political polity and human conduct should all cohere with the cosmic order, Chinese philosophy is fundamentally rooted in its cosmology. This cosmology is manifested mostly in the philosophy of the Yijing. Chinese cosmology is built on the belief that there is a cosmic order or cosmic pattern, which serves not only as the source for all existence, but also as the governing rule for all cosmic developments. This pattern was commonly referred to as ‘Dao’ by ancient philosophers. The pursuit ofDao would become an ultimate goal shared by all Chinese philosophers. Under the holistic cosmic picture, the cosmic order also governs human affairs. Consequently, Dao takes on a normative connotation: it signifies the right way for human affairs and the normative principle for human conduct. In this sense, Daostands for the highest moral precept for human beings. There are three main branches in Chinese philosophy – Confucianism, Daoism and Buddhism. Each school has its distinct answer to the quest of ultimate reality and the roles humans should play in this world. To educate others what constitutes virtue and to inspire others to act in accordance with Dao, was thus the self-assigned mission for most Chinese philosophers. |
| Key works | The first systematic introduction to Chinese philosophy is the two-volume set Fung Yu-lan 1997, first published in the 1930s. This book is arguably the most influential introduction to the history of Chinese philosophy, even though some of Fung’s analyses are often contested by contemporary Chinese scholars. The two-volume set has been translated into English by Derk Bodde (Feng & Bodde 1952). A condensed and more accessible version of Fung’s History is also translated by Derk Bodde (Feng 1948). Among Chinese scholars, Lao 2005’s thee-volume (in four books) set is widely respected and frequently consulted. A more recent and analytic introduction to Chinese philosophy is Liu 2006. This book does not cover the history of Chinese philosophy beyond Chinese Buddhism, however. Mou 2009 has a more comprehensive coverage of all eras in the history of Chinese philosophy, but at the cost of sacrificing philosophical details. For readers who cannot read primary Chinese texts, Chan 1963 is a good source of representative selections of Chinese philosophical works. |
| Introductions |
Chan 1963 provides a comprehensive coverage and fairly representative selections of all major philosophers or philosophical schools in Chinese history. The editor provides succinct introductions for each selection. It is a must-have sourcebook for scholars who can read only English, even though the old-fashioned Wade-Giles spelling of Chinese names in this book could create confusion for beginners. Feng & Bodde 1952 provides a comprehensive coverage of various schools in the history of Chinese philosophy. At times, the introduction is packed with quotes, with little analysis. It is nonetheless an authoritative introduction to this date. Feng 1948 is not just an abridgment of Feng & Bodde 1952. Fung wrote this short history with the aim to give a complete picture of Chinese philosophical history in a nutshell. This book is far more accessible and interesting than Feng & Bodde 1952. Originally published in New York: Macmillan, 1948. Lao Ssu-Kwang勞思光, Xinbian Zhongguo Zhexue Shi新編中國哲學史. 3 volumes. Guangxi, China: Guanxi shifandaxue chubanshe, 2005. There is no English translation of this three-volume set. This is a revised version of Lao’s famed History of Chinese Philosophy (Zhongguo zhexue shi 中國哲學史), originally published in Hong Kong: Youlian chubanshe, 1968. Lao’s History provides detailed logical analysis of the philosophical problems and theories of all the schools covered in this book. It is widely referred to by Chinese scholars. Liu 2006 provides an up-to-date introduction to Chinese philosophy in the analytic style. In its analysis of primary texts, it also reflects topics and discourses on Chinese philosophy in contemporary scholarship in English. The scope of this book covers classical philosophical schools and four major schools in Chinese Buddhism. |
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Related
Subcategories
Classical Chinese Philosophy (5,870 | 1,525)
Chinese Neo-Confucianism (1,045 | 409)
Song-Ming Neo-Confucianism (519 | 100)
Zhou Dunyi (9)
Shao Yong (7)
Zhang Zai (24)
Cheng Hao (17)
Cheng Yi (22)
Lu Xiangshan (11)
Zhu Xi (122)
Wang Yangming (98)
Wang Fuzhi (9)
Contemporary Chinese Philosophy (811 | 222)
Chinese Philosophy: Topics (5,559 | 1,838)
Chinese Feminism (65)
Chinese Philosophy: Topics, Misc (1,822)
Chinese Philosophy, Misc (227)
Contents
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- Images, Moral Feelings, and Rites: Engaging Confucianism with Philosophy of Technology.Xiaowei Wang & Pak-Hang Wong - forthcoming - Dao: A Journal of Comparative Philosophy:1-20.Technology is increasingly prominent as a topic of philosophical and normative reflection, as recent technological advancements in areas such as artificial intelligence and climate technologies have demonstrated their capability to disrupt our existing social, political, and moral practices. Recently, there is a call to diversify philosophy of technology, a field which has so far largely failed to engage with philosophical traditions outside the United States and Europe. While there are an increasing number of works that have attempted to answer the (...)
- The Concept of Nature in Maimonides and Zhu Xi: A Comparative Perspective.Ying Zhang - forthcoming - Dao: A Journal of Comparative Philosophy:1-23.Maimonides (1135/1138–1204) and Zhu Xi 朱熹 (1130–1200) are unparalleled in the transformation and revitalization of Jewish and Confucian traditions, respectively. This article offers a comparative analysis of the two philosophers’ conceptions of nature and their view on the end of knowledge. It examines, on one hand, Maimonides’s distinctive interpretation of the rabbinic concept of maʿaseh bereshith (the Account of the Beginning) in the light of his statement that maʿaseh bereshith is identical with natural science; and on the other hand, Zhu (...)
- Fan Zhen’s “Shen Mie Lun” and the Mind-Body Problem: A Comparison with Western Approaches.Soo Lam Wong - forthcoming - Dao: A Journal of Comparative Philosophy:1-13.Fan Zhen’s 范縝 “Shen Mie Lun 神滅論” can be read as a debate between a physicalist and a dualist in the philosophy of mind. This debate, known as the “mind-body problem” in the Western tradition, has a long history beginning with the ancient Greeks, and is still rife to this very day. Many of the arguments found in the “Shen Mie Lun” correspond to arguments found in the history of Western thought, including those of Aristotle, Descartes, Leibniz, Frege, and Ryle. (...)
- Meynard, Thierry, and Daniel Canaris, eds. and trans., From Confucius to Zhu Xi: The First Treatise on God in François Noël’s Chinese Philosophy (1711).Yueqiang Wu - forthcoming - Dao: A Journal of Comparative Philosophy:1-6.
- The Philosophy of Time in the Daodejing: From the Perspective of Heshang Gong’s Huang-Lao Daoism.Thomas Michael - forthcoming - Dao: A Journal of Comparative Philosophy:1-21.This study presents an important theory regarding early developments in the Daoist philosophy of time. It does so from the perspective of an understudied but quite influential masterwork of Chinese philosophy, Heshang Gong Zhangju 河上公章句 (Chapters and Verses of the Master on the Upper River), which is Heshang Gong’s 河上公 commentary to the Daodejing 道德經. The first sections of this study identify Heshang Gong’s text of the Daodejing and his appended commentary with Huang-Lao 黃老 Daoism and situates it in relation (...)
- Did Zhuangzi Criticize Mengzi?Kim-Chong Chong - forthcoming - Dao: A Journal of Comparative Philosophy:1-17.Mengzi 孟子 and Zhuangzi 莊子 lived around the same time in the mid–Warring States period of ancient China. The historical relation between them is unclear. There is no mention of each other in the texts named after them. But some authors have claimed that characterizations of deformed bodies, the heart-mind, and qi 氣 in the Inner Chapters of the Zhuangzi are directly critical of Mengzi. I argue that there is no good reason for this claim. Although their philosophies are conceptually (...)
- Confucian Philosophical Traditions.Heiner Roetz - 2016 - In Donald M. Borchert (ed.), Philosophy: Sources, Perspectives, and Methodologies. Boston, USA: Macmillan Reference. pp. 191–207.
- Toward an Intra-Cultural Philosophy.Jim Behuniak - forthcoming - Dao: A Journal of Comparative Philosophy:1-13.The “Human/Nature” relationship is a topic that has occupied both Greek and Chinese philosophers since ancient times. While both similarities in human nature and differences in human culture have become better understood empirically, the actual relationship between what is “Natural” and what is “Human” remains obscure. How is one to know where “Nature” ends and where the “Human” begins? In order to engage in cross-cultural work, comparative philosophy must somehow orient itself toward this question. Recently, “naturalistic hermeneutics” has recommended itself (...)
- Van der Braak, André, Reimagining Zen in a Secular Age: Charles Taylor and Zen Buddhism in the West.Prasenjit Duara - forthcoming - Dao: A Journal of Comparative Philosophy:1-3.
- Li, Dahua 李大華, Daoist Life Philosophy 道家生命哲學.Jinjing Zhu - forthcoming - Dao: A Journal of Comparative Philosophy:1-6.
- Zhu, Liangzhi 朱良志, Beyond the Four Seasons 四時之外.Jiaguang Huang - forthcoming - Dao: A Journal of Comparative Philosophy:1-5.
- Tu, Keguo 涂可國, Confucian Ethics of Responsibility 儒家責任倫理學.Jichao Zhang - forthcoming - Dao: A Journal of Comparative Philosophy:1-5.
- Lloyd, G. E. R., and Jingyi Jenny Zhao, eds., Ancient Greece and China Compared.Joel Richeimer - forthcoming - Dao: A Journal of Comparative Philosophy:1-6.
- Reading Confucianism in the West: Domestication, Manufacture and Reinvention.On-cho Ng - 2012 - Journal of Chinese Philosophy and Culture 10:23-48.Remove from this listExport citation
Bookmark - Unterdrückung als kulturelle Besonderheit. Autoritarismus und Identitätsmanagment in China.Heiner Roetz - 2022 - Polylog 48:41-54.»Chinese characteristic«, zhongguo tese, has become a key word of China’s political language. The more implausible it becomes to invoke historical materialism to justify its rule, the louder the Communist Party appeals to the peculiarity of Chinese culture. This makes China a prime example of the connection between political oppression and the construction of cultural identity. The connection is part of an ideological global system of complementarity of universal technical and economical imperatives on the one hand and relative diferent value (...)
- Die Achsenzeit im Diskurs der chinesischen Moderne.Heiner Roetz - 2017 - Polylog 38:63-80.
- Too much honor. A response to Ricardo Duchesne’s ethnicist critique of the “Chinese mind”.Heiner Roetz - manuscript
- (1 other version)Zhongguo ren xing lun shi.Fuguan Xu - 2001 - Shanghai: Shanghai san lian shu dian.Remove from this listExport citation Bookmark
- (1 other version)Zhongguo jing dian quan shi chuan tong.Minghui Li (ed.) - 2001 - Taibei Shi: Ximalaya yan jiu fa zhan ji jin hui.Remove from this listExport citation Bookmark
- (1 other version)Ru xue de qi lun yu gong fu lun.Rubin Yang & Pingci Zhu (eds.) - 2005 - Taibei Shi: Taiwan da xue chu ban zhong xin.Remove from this listExport citation Bookmark
- chapter 6 – philosophies that meet outside philosophy.Enrique Martinez Esteve - manuscriptContents: - positioning Pound’s contributions to theory – aesthetic organicism - Emerson, Pound, and the aim of language - Confucian philosophy and Pound’s tradition.
- Erinnerung. 50 Jahre Kulturrevolution.Heiner Roetz - 2016 - Bochumer Jahrbuch Zur Ostasienforschung 39: 229-246.In an autobiographical account, the author reflects on the ambiguous role that the Cultural Revolution played in his philosophical and sinological education. He discusses the position of the "Frankfurt School" and the "New Left" in regard to China and points out irritating resemblances between German and Chinese recent history. -/- .Remove from this listExport citation Bookmark
- From Derision to Respect: The Hermeneutic Passage with James Legge's (1816-1897) Ameliorated Evaluation of Master Kong ("Confucius").Lauren F. Pfister - 2002 - Bochumer Jahrbuch Zur Ostasienforschung 26:53-88.Remove from this listExport citation Bookmark
- Blindes Verständnis. Überlegungen zum Beitrag von Heiner Roetz.Hans-Georg Möller - 2002 - Bochumer Jahrbuch Zur Ostasienforschung 26:113-120.Remove from this listExport citation Bookmark
- Chinesische Schamkultur vs. westliche Schuldkultur? Ein Versuch zur Korrektur eines Klischees.Heiner Roetz - 2011 - In Michael Fischer & Kurt Seelmann (eds.), Körperbilder: Kulturalität und Wertetransfer. Peter Lang GmbH, Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften. pp. 211-226.$86.05 new (collection) View on Amazon.comRemove from this list Direct downloadExport citation Bookmark
- The End of Ethical Universalism? Bioethics in the Age of Globalization and the Case of China.Heiner Roetz - 2009 - In Sitter-Liver Beat (ed.), Universality: From Theory to Practice: An intercultural and interdisciplinary debate about facts, possibilities, lies and myths. Fribourg: Academic Press Fribourg. pp. 177-190.This article discusses the role and validity of arguments of culture in biomedical ethics. It is often maintained that any fundamental bioethical consensus is ruled out by the existence of incommensurable value axioms rooted in the different traditions, above all with regard to diverging conceptions of the human being. For example, it is argued that the <Christian>Western culture leads to more restrictive and the <Confucian> Chinese culture to more permissive stances with regard to consumptive embryo research. However, what a <culture> (...)
- On the Origin of Evils- A Confucian and Intercultural Perspective.Shu-Hsien Liu - 1999 - In Karl-Heinz Pohl (ed.), Chinese Thought in a Global Context: A Dialogue Between Chinese and Western Philosophical Approaches. Brill. pp. 173-189.
- Chinese Thought in a Global Context: A Dialogue Between Chinese and Western Philosophical Approaches.Karl-Heinz Pohl (ed.) - 1999 - Brill.How do Chinese and Western philosophical traditions interact today? In the underlying collection of articles both Chinese and Western scholars carefully examine the issue, one of fundamental importance for the mutual understanding of China and the West. The volume is the result of a symposium which sought to initiate a dialogue between China and the West on questions ranging from philosophy to politics and aesthetics. -/- The papers deal with various topics of cross-cultural hermeneutics, such as differences between Chinese and (...)
- Cahiers du centre Marcel Granet - Cahier 2 : Sujet, Moi, Personne.François Jullien (ed.) - 2004 - Press Universitaires de France.Les différents articles de ce volume ont tous pour idée directrice la question du sujet. Chacun d'eux explore une façon singulière et unique dont la première personne se découvre, s'exprime et se construit dans la civilisation chinoise, classique et moderne. Cet inventaire des multiples façons d'être soi ou d'être à soi se fait à partir de méthodes et d'approches très variées, linguistique, littéraire, historique, philosophique... Elles se font l'écho de la formule de Mencius "Tout ce qui existe est virtuellement là (...)Remove from this listExport citation Bookmark
- The Global Significance of Concrete Humanity: Essays on the Confucian Discourse in Cultural China.Weiming Tu - 2010 - New Delhi: Centre for Studies in Civilizations..This collection of essays is at present the most comprehensive presentation of Tu Weiming's intellectual pursuit for the last three decades. Part I offers an insight on the thoughtful and influential discourses he has been instrumental in developing: cultural China, the implications of the rise of East Asia, the significance of the Confucian cultural area in the modernizing process, the continuous presence of traditions in modernity, reflection on the enlightenment mentality of the modern west, and multiple modernities. Part II gives (...)
- Family, nation, and the world: The global ethic as a modern confucian quest.Weiming Tu - 1998 - Social Semiotics 8 ( 2-3): 283-295.Under the influence of Confucian culture, industrial East Asia has developed a less adversarial, less individualistic, and less self‐interested modern civilization. As such, the synergy engendered by individual initiatives with group orientation has made this region economically and politically the most dynamic area of the world since the Second World War. This paper engages with this development by exploring the Confucian perception of human flourishing which is based upon the dignity of the person, in terms of a series of concentric (...)
- Chinese ‘Unity of Man and Nature’: Reality or Myth?Heiner Roetz - 2013 - In Carmen Meinert (ed.), Nature, Environment and Culture in East Asia: The Challenge of Climate Change. Brill. pp. 23-39.China is one of the ecologically most threatened regions on earth. It has been argued that the ecological disaster is mainly due to the incursion of Western modernity with its unleashing of instrumental reason. In order to find a way out, China would have to rediscover its ecological wisdom of the past. Without calling into question the specific responsibility of the West, this article argues that in fact there is no cultural dichotomy of this kind. It is true that China (...)
- Purity, Moral Trials,and Equanimity.Kwong-Loi Shun - 2010 - Tsing Hua Journal of Chinese Studies 40 (2):245-264.This paper discusses the phenomenon of ethical purity, namely, the complete orientation of the mind in an ethical direction and the absence of any element that detracts from this ethical orientation. It considers the way this phenomenon is presented in Confucian thought, through ideas such as cheng 誠， xu 虛， and jing 靜. The paper then approaches the phenomenon through a discussion of both the moral trials one goes through in life, and of the state of equanimity that accompanies the (...)
- Renwenxue heng.Guoxiang Peng (ed.) - 2019 - Hangzhou: Zhejiang University Press.This collection of essays, Renwenxue heng（《人文学衡》, Chinese humanities）, is a compilation of outstanding Chinese and English-language research in the Chinese humanities.
- New Directions in Chinese Philosophy.Chung-yi Cheng (ed.) - 2014 - Hong Kong: The Chinese University of Hong Kong Press.In May 2009, a 4-day international conference was held on the campus of the Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK) to celebrate the 60th anniversary of its Department of Philosophy and New Asia College, and to commemorate the centenary of Professor Tang Chun-I, founding chairman of the Department of Philosophy, Co-organized by the Department of Philosophy, New Asia College (both at CUHK), the Alumni Association of the Department of Philosophy of CUHK, and the Dharmasthiti Group, the conference chose “New Directions (...)Remove from this listExport citation Bookmark
- Philosophical Inquiry between the Global and the Local: A Festschrift Dedicated to Professor Liu Shu-hsien’s 80th Birthday.Chung-yi Cheng & Yueh-hui Lin (eds.) - 2014 - Taipei: Student Book Company.這本分量十足的論文集是為祝賀劉述先先生八秩壽慶，由香港中文大學哲學系與臺灣中央研究院中國文哲研究所共同策劃出版。文集收錄了香港、臺灣、中國大陸及海外學者共三十三篇文章，分為四組：「當代新儒家」、「宋明 理學與東亞儒學」、「先秦儒學」及「全球議題」。文章的作者或是受教於劉先生的門生、與劉先生共事的同寅、曾向劉先生問學的後輩、與劉先生切磋的同道，都曾以不同方式得益於劉先生豐厚學養的教誨與指點。現在大家呈 奉研究心得匯集成書，都是懷著相同的感恩和致敬的心意，祝福劉先生壽如南山、茂如松柏。 .
- Confucianism, Kant, and Virtue ethics.Ming-Huei Lee - 2013 - In Stephen C. Angle & Michael Slote (eds.), Virtue Ethics and Confucianism. New York: Routledge. pp. 47-55.
- Human Rights in China: An Alien Element in a Non-Western Culture?Heiner Roetz - 2012 - In Walter Schweidler (ed.), Human Rights and Natural Law: An Intercultural Philosophical Perspective. Sankt Augustin: Academia Verlag. pp. 296-313.
- What It Means to Take Chinese Ethics Seriously.Heiner Roetz - 2010 - In Kam-por Yu, Julia Tao & Philip J. Ivanhoe (eds.), Taking Confucian Ethics Seriously: Contemporary Theories and Applications. SUNY. pp. 13-26.$32.95 new (collection) View on Amazon.comRemove from this list Direct downloadExport citation Bookmark
- An Overlooked Dimension of Intergenerational Justice? A Note on Filial Piety in the Age of the Ecological Crisis.Heiner Roetz - 2023 - In Chun-Chieh Huang & John A. Tucker (eds.), Confucianism for the Twenty-First Century. Göttingen: V&R Unipress. pp. 197-208.$59.99 new (collection) View on Amazon.comRemove from this list Direct downloadExport citation Bookmark
- Reviewing the Crisis of the Study of Chinese Philosophy – Starting from the ‘Legitimacy of Chinese Philosophy’ Debates.Lee Ming-Huei - 2018 - In Raji C. Steineck, Ralph Weber, Robert Gassmann & Elena Lange (eds.), Concepts of Philosophy in Asia and the Islamic world: Vol. 1: China and Japan. Boston: Brill | Rodopi. pp. 128–140.
- Zhong shuo jie li.Pei Zhang - 2013 - Beijing Shi: Beijing da xue chu ban she. Edited by Tong Wang.Remove from this listExport citation Bookmark
- The ethics of the Mohist dialogues.Chris Fraser - 2013 - In Carine Defoort & Nicolas Standaert (eds.), The Mozi as an Evolving Text: Different Voices in Early Chinese Thought. Boston: Brill.
- ‘Hard-hearted’ and ‘soft-hearted’ ecologies: A rereading of Confucian and Daoist classics.Xia Chen, Guoxiang Peng & James Miller - 2014 - In James Miller (ed.), Religion and Ecological Sustainability in China. pp. 71-83.This chapter presents the work of Peng Guoxiang and Chen Xia, two leading Chinese scholars of Confucianism and Daoism respectively, with a response by James Miller. Peng Guoxiang and Chen Xia presented drafts of their papers at the conference on Religious Diversity and Ecological Sustainability at Minzu University of China in March 2012. The chapter provides an edited version of Chen Xias paper on Daoist visions of environment and ecology. It then presents Peng Guoxiangs interpretation of the philosophy of Wang (...)
- Nineteen Lectures on Chinese Philosophy: A Brief Outline of Chinese Philosophy and the Issues It Entails.Mou Zongsan - 2015 - CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform. Translated by Su Esther C..Chinese philosophy is often dismissed as either too underdeveloped or too mystical in comparison to the well-developed philosophies of the West. However, Mou Zongsan, arguably the most important Chinese philosopher of the twentieth century, devoted the majority of his more than sixty-year career to establishing and fostering a dialogue between Western and Eastern philosophy. To achieve this, he produced volumes of original work that detailed how Chinese philosophy addresses many of the same universal issues as Western philosophy and how, when (...)
- On Subjectivity and Secularity in Axial Age China.Heiner Roetz - 2020 - Working Paper Series of the Hcas “Multiple Secularities – Beyond the West, Beyond Modernities”.The Centre for Advanced Studies in the Humanities and Social Sciences “Multiple Secularities – Beyond the West, Beyond Modernities” deals with topics, at least some of which I have myself dealt with throughout my sinological and philosophical life. I came to Frankfurt in autumn 1968: fascinated by Frankfurt School, I started studying sociology, but to my surprise this did not mean studying Critical Theory. Instead, it meant going through quite a conventional education in the social sciences, and moreover, it meant (...)
- Chen, Xia 陳霞, Daoist Ethics: Its Traditional Form and Contemporary Interpretation 道教倫理: 傳統形態與當代新詮.Zixia Sun - 2024 - Dao: A Journal of Comparative Philosophy 23 (4):707-713.
- Comments on Harvey Lederman, “What Is the ‘Unity’ in the ‘Unity of Knowledge and Action’?”.Stephen C. Angle - 2024 - Dao: A Journal of Comparative Philosophy 23 (4):665-673.Harvey Lederman has argued that the relationship signaled by W ang Yangming’s 王陽明 slogan “_zhi xing he yi_ 知行合一” is best captured by the principle “Unity: A person genuinely knows filiality if and only if they are acting filially.” In this essay I explain that Lederman views “extending knowing” and attaining “genuine knowing” as primarily episodic, in just the way that our actions are episodic (sometimes we are acting, sometimes we are not), but I argue that “extending knowing” and attaining (...)
- Battle Testing the “Unity of Knowledge and Action”.Trenton Wilson - 2024 - Dao: A Journal of Comparative Philosophy 23 (4):653-664.In responding to Harvey Lederman’s essay on the “unity of knowledge and action,” this essay takes up W ang Yangming’s 王陽明 writings on war to consider what Lederman calls Wang’s theoretical and therapeutic approaches to philosophy. Wang’s writings on his experiences in war provide a unique lens to think through the “unity of knowledge and action” as they point to several tensions within that idea. Battle is thus described both as an illustration of how knowledge and action can be unified, (...)
- From “Talking Idly” to Realizing the Ben Ti of Knowledge and Action: Comments on Lederman’s “What Is the ‘Unity’ in the ‘Unity of Knowledge and Action’?”.Liangjian Liu - 2024 - Dao: A Journal of Comparative Philosophy 23 (4):643-651.Lederman makes a distinction between the _ben ti_ 本體 (“original natural condition”) of knowledge and action and the _gong fu_ 工夫 (“training”) of knowledge and action, associating “unity” with _ben ti_ and “joint advancement” with _gong fu_. This essay argues that both “unity” and “joint advancement” are used to describe the _ben ti_ of knowledge and action, and W ang Yangming 王陽明 emphasizes the unity of the _ben ti_ and _gong fu_ of knowledge and action. Yangming’s doctrine of the _ben (...)
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