The scientific and practical fields—especially high-performance sports—increasingly request a stronger focus be placed on individual athletes in human movement science research. Machine learning methods have shown efficacy in this context by identifying the unique movement patterns of individuals and distinguishing their intra-individual changes over time. The objective of this investigation is to analyze biomechanically described movement patterns during the fatigue-related accumulation process within a single training session of a high number of repeated executions of a ballistic sports movement—specifically, the frontal (...) foot kick (mae-geri) in karate—in expert athletes. The two leading research questions presented for consideration are (1) Can characteristics of individual movement patterns be observed throughout the entire training session despite continuous changes, i.e., even as fatigue-related processes increase? and (2) How do intra-individual movement patterns change as fatigue-related processes increase throughout a training session? Sixteen expert karatekas performed 606 frontal foot kicks directed toward an imaginary target. The kicks were performed in nine sets at 80% (K-80) of the self-experienced maximal intensity. In addition, six kicks at maximal intensity (K-100) were performed after each of the nine sets. Between the sets, the participants took a 90-s break. Three-dimensional full-body kinematic data of all kicks were recorded with 10 infrared cameras. The normalized waveforms of nine upper- and lower-body joint angles were classified using a supervised machine learning method (support vector machine). The results of the classification revealed a disjunct distinction between the kinematic movement patterns of individual athletes. The identification of unique movement patterns of individual athletes was independent of the intensity and the degree of fatigue-related processes. In other words, even with the accumulation of fatigue-related processes, the unique movement patterns of an individual athlete can be clearly identified. During the training session, changes in intra-individual movement patterns could also be detected, indicating the occurrence of adaptations in individual movement patterns throughout the fatigue-related accumulation process. The results suggest that these adaptations can be modeled in terms of changes in patterns rather than increasing variance. Practical consequences are critically discussed. (shrink)

"Nach Auschwitz Gedichte zu schreiben, ist barbarisch": Das Diktum Adornos gehort zu den bekanntesten Satzen Adornos und erfuhr eine intensive Beachtung im literarischen Feld, im Feuilleton und in der Forschung. ENtlang des Diktums wurde vor allem die Frage nach dem Versagen von Geist und Kultur angesichts von Auschwitz diskutiert: Wie war es moglich, dass ein Land wie Deutschland, das fur seine Kunst und Kultur geschatzt wurde, ganz Europa in ein Schlachthaus verwandelte? Und wie war es moglich, dass eben jene Kunst (...) und Kultur dies nicht verhindern konnte? Diese Frage, die konstitutiv fur das Selbstverstandnis der Gesellschaft der Bonner Republik gewesen ist, wurde vornehmlich entlang des Diktums Adornos verhandelt. UNd auch im 21. JAhrhundert scheint das Diktum Adornos noch in der Lage zu sein, diesbezugliche Fragen zu koordinieren. In der vorliegenden Studie geht es um die Rekonstruktion dieser Debatte, welche eine der wichtigsten Debatten der Vergangenheitsbewaltigung ist. DAbei werden nicht nur die unterschiedlichen Bezugnahmen im literarischen Feld herangezogen, sondern es wird gezeigt, dass die AuSSerungen Adornos als eine zeitdiagnostische Zustandsbeschreibung innerhalb des Barbarei-Diskurses der Moderne das Ende einer Debatte markierten, die mit Friedrich Schiller begann. (shrink)

Die aktuelle, durch den Menschen verursachte Biodiversitätskrise droht die wertvollsten erneuerbaren Ressourcen unseres Planeten zu vernichten. Der zerstörerische Effekt einer wachsenden Weltbevölkerung ist hinreichend nachgewiesen. In den kommenden Jahrzehnten werden wir Zeugen des Aussterbens einer großen Zahl von Tier- und Pflanzenarten sein. Legt man vergleichbare Phasen der Erdgeschichte zugrunde, in denen es zu Massenaussterben kam, so zeigt sich, dass die Dauer einer Regeneration von Biodiversität die für den Menschen vorstellbare Zeitspanne bei weitem überschreitet. Während die meisten Menschen gut über die (...) Klimaerwärmung informiert sind, sind vielen die Veränderungen in der Biosphäre nicht bewusst. Im Gegensatz zur Klimaforschung gibt es hier bislang keine groß angelegten Monitoringprogramme und es besteht noch Entwicklungsbedarf für Methoden zur schnellen Erfassung der Artenvielfalt. Die Taxonomen, d. h. die Wissenschaftler, die Arten kennen und klassifizieren, brauchen umfassendere Unterstützung. (shrink)

The Bologna process forces a reframing of the theological education. In the autor's mind, it affords chances for an improved quality during the first two cycles. The change from an input-oriented to an output-oriented leaming provides a better professional competences. In addition, the Bologna process provokes to profile theology in an interdisciplinary context. The article outlines the profile of Theological Ethics as a self-contained discipline, connectedwith both, the other theolgical disciplines and the adjacent sciences, such as medicine, law, and sociology. (...) According to this, the authors discuss the advantages and the risks ofthe two-cylcle, BA/ma education and draw the conclusions for the further curriculas in theological ethics. A coml)lon competence-based core-curriculum is presented in order to get joint standards and to improve student's mobility. (shrink)

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe is most famous for his work on color theory, but he was also an accomplished all-round scientist, studying and writing on anatomy, geology, botany, zoology and meteorology. This book draws together, in Goethe's own words, his key ideas on nature, science and scientific method. Goethe believed that we should study our world and nature as people at home in it, rather than removedly, as if we were aliens from another planet. He adopted a qualitative (...) approach to science at odds with Newton's quantitative methods that were so popular in his day. His is a sensitive science which does not ignore our relationship to nature. The extracts in this book are fascinating and essential reading for anyone who feels that we've lost our spiritual connection to nature. (shrink)

Peer review is a widely accepted instrument for raising the quality of science. Peer review limits the enormous unstructured influx of information and the sheer amount of dubious data, which in its absence would plunge science into chaos. In particular, peer review offers the benefit of eliminating papers that suffer from poor craftsmanship or methodological shortcomings, especially in the experimental sciences. However, we believe that peer review is not always appropriate for the evaluation of controversial hypothetical science. We argue that (...) the process of peer review can be prone to bias towards ideas that affirm the prior convictions of reviewers and against innovation and radical new ideas. Innovative hypotheses are thus highly vulnerable to being “filtered out” or made to accord with conventional wisdom by the peer review process. Consequently, having introduced peer review, the Elsevier journal Medical Hypotheses may be unable to continue its tradition as a radical journal allowing discussion of improbable or unconventional ideas. Hence we conclude by asking the publisher to consider re-introducing the system of editorial review to Medical Hypotheses. (shrink)

Current perspectives on attractiveness-related prosocial biases emphasize the contribution of evolutionarily shaped mating drives. Here, we extend these concepts by highlighting the pivotal role of the hypothalamic peptide oxytocin in augmenting the salience and rewarding value of social stimuli, including the partner's face, thereby fostering social bonding in general and the stability of monogamous pair bonds and offspring care in particular.

Objective: Deficits in affective processing are associated with impairments in both mental and physical health. The role of affective processing in patients with functional somatic complaints such as irritable bowel syndrome remains unclear. Most studies have focused on the capacity for emotional awareness and expression, but neglect other dimensions of affective processing. Therefore, this study aimed to systematically analyze differences in six different dimensions of affective processing between patients with IBS and healthy controls. Additionally, we exploratively investigated the impact of (...) IBS symptom severity, psychological distress, and attachment styles on affective processing in IBS. Methods: A controlled cross-sectional multi-center study was conducted. Overall, 127 patients with IBS were compared with 127 matched HCs using multivariate analysis of variances. Affective processing was operationalized in line with the affect cascade model on six specific dimensions: emotional experience, emotional awareness, affect tolerance, affect differentiation, affect regulation, and emotional communication. They were measured using two subscales of the Mentalizing Questionnaire and four subscales of the Operationalized Psychodynamic Diagnosis–Structure Questionnaire. Linear regression analysis was used to investigate the influence of IBS symptom severity, depression, anxiety, and anxious and avoidant attachment styles on the different dimensions of affective processing in IBS. Results: Patients with IBS compared to HCs showed deficits in all six dimensions of affective processing. Deficits were largest for affect tolerance and lowest for emotional experience and emotional awareness. Moderate effect sizes were found for affect differentiation, emotional communication, and affect regulation. Moreover, explorative analyses indicated that affective processing in patients with IBS was significantly influenced by levels of anxiety and insecure attachment. Conclusion: The results indicate a specific pattern of affective processing abilities in patients with IBS. The deficits in affective processing are more prominent in the area of understanding and tolerating difficult affective states than experiencing affective states. This opens interesting perspectives for the development of specific psychotherapeutic interventions. (shrink)

Inhalt: Vorbemerkung Kommentar Titel Vorrede Erster Teil Zweiter Teil Dritter Teil Benutzte Literatur a)Zeitgenossen und Vorläufer Fichtes b)Moderne Interpreten Sachregister zum Fichte-Text Verzeichnis der zitierten Arbeiten Fichtes.

Die Frage, wie ein Anfang im Denken zu machen sei, oder wie der Anfang von Denken zu denken sei, war Gegenstand der philosophischen Reflexion des Klassischen Deutschen Idealismus. Die Autoren dieses Bandes thematisieren nun für philosophische Konzepte aus der Zeit vor und nach dem Klassischen Idealismus, wie in ihnen das Problem des Anfangs gedacht wird. Betrachtete Autoren sind: Marsilius Ficino, Johannes Scotus Eriugena, Giordano Bruno, Christoph Scheibler, Husserl, Meister Eckhard, Nishida und Davidson.

The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has confronted us with constantly new challenges. We need to browse new inventories of scientific knowledge to reflect on previous experiences and thus facilitate societal learning. In line with the first volume on the COVID-19 pandemic in this series, contributions from different disciplines and fields of practice create an awareness of the complexity of this crisis and help us to understand the diversity of challenges it poses. The first part focuses on philosophical, sociological and psychological problem (...) diagnoses, the second on reactive strategies in the fields of medicine, nursing care, the economy and law. After taking a look at religious contexts and fields of practice, leading experts from the healthcare sector share their experiences of the COVID-19 pandemic. With contributions by Mahmoud Abdallah, Désirée Amschl-Strablegg, Cornelia Baptist-Kröpfl, Herbert Beiglböck, Ulrike Berdnik, Alois Birklbauer, Anneliese Derkits, Reinhold Esterbauer, Franziska Grossschädl, Katharina Heimerl, Andreas Heller, Marie-Christin Hinteregger, Hartmann Jörg Hohensinner, Elisabeth Horvath, Isabella Jonveaux, Anna-Christina Kainradl, Ulla Kriebernegg, Wolfgang Kröll, Ulrike Kylianek, Martin M. Lintner, Saskia Löser, Christa Lohrmann, Sandra Müller, Gerold Muhri, Manfred Novak, Sabine Petritsch, Eva Peyker, Michaela Pfadenhauer, Barbara Pichler, Johann Platzer, Lisa Pongratz, Maria Puntigam, Elisabeth Reitinger, Hans-Walter Ruckenbauer, Hellmut Samonigg, Walter Schaupp, Georg Tafner, Christa Tax, Wolfgang Toller and Jürgen Wallner. (shrink)

BackgroundThe preferable position of Deep Brain Stimulation electrodes is proposed to be located in the dorsolateral subthalamic nucleus to improve general motor performance. The optimal DBS electrode localization for the post-operative improvement of balance and gait is unknown.MethodsIn this single-center, retrospective analyses, 66 Parkinson’s disease patients were assessed pre- and post-operatively by using MDS-UPDRS, freezing of gait score, Giladi’s gait and falls questionnaire and Berg balance scale. The clinical outcome was related to the DBS electrode coordinates in x, y, z (...) plane as revealed by image-based reconstruction. Binomial generalized linear mixed models with fixed-effect variables electrode asymmetry, parkinsonian subtype, medication, age class and clinical DBS induced changes were analyzed.ResultsSubthalamic nucleus-deep brain stimulation improved all motor, balance and FoG scores in MED OFF condition, however there were heterogeneous results in MED ON condition. DBS electrode reconstructed coordinates impacted the responsiveness of axial symptoms. FoG and balance responders showed slightly more medially located STN electrode coordinates and less medio-lateral asymmetry of the electrode reconstructed coordinates across hemispheres compared to non-responders.ConclusionDeep brain stimulation electrode reconstructed coordinates, particularly electrode asymmetry on the medio-lateral axis affected the post-operative responsiveness of balance and FoG symptoms in PD patients. (shrink)

Im ersten Teil des Buches wird das «Ich»-Verständnis der christlichen Lehre, insbesondere anhand der Position von Nikolaus von Kues und Schriften von Papst Johannes Paul II., analysiert, beziehungsweise an der Position Platons gemessen. Es wird zu zeigen versucht, daß die christliche Trinitätslehre wesentliche Impulse dafür liefert, zu einer Argumentation alleine gemäß der von Platon grundgelegten noetischen Dialektik finden zu können. Im Rahmen hiervon wird dargelegt, wo das «Ich»-Verständnis der christlichen Trinitätslehre hinter jenem Platons zurückbleibt. Im zweiten Teil des Buches wird (...) eine Skizze vom «Ich» im Sinne der noetischen Dialektik gegeben, beziehungsweise dargelegt, daß jegliches Bedenken von der Aussage «Ich bin» auszugehen hat. (shrink)

Die vorgelegte Summe des Hochidealismus ersetzt - der neuen Forschungs- und Quellenlage entsprechend - die alte Konstruktion vom Dreischritt, der von Fichtes Jenaer Wissenschaftslehre ausgeht, in die Naturphilosophie Schellings ubergeht und in Hegels System vollendet aufgeht, durch die Gegenthese: Der Deutsche Idealismus ist die Begrundung der Vernunftwissenschaft im Widerstreit von drei Vollendungsanspruchen, erhoben im Identitatssystem und der positiven Philosophie Schellings, in Hegels Onto-Theo-Logik und der Ungeschriebenen Lehre Fichtes, d.i. den mundlichen Vortragszyklen nach 1800. Die eingehende Ausarbeitung dieses dreiseitigen Widerstreites hebt (...) einen Vorrang heraus. Fichtes Ungeschriebene Lehre ist die einzige der drei Vollendungsgestalten, die im Begreifen des Wahrheits- und Systemgrundes, des Absoluten, transzendentale Besinnung in absoluter Reflexion bewahrt und daher auch vorzuglich in der Lage ist, unser Zeitalter der Nichtbesinnung herauszufordern. Wolfgang Janke ist emeritierter Universitatsprofessor. Zu seinen Forschungsschwerpunkten gehort das Gebiet des Deutschen Idealismus von Kant bis Hegel. Neue Einblicke zumal in die Spatphilosophie Fichtes eroffnen seine Abhandlungen: Fichte. Sein und Reflexion, 1970. - Historische Dialektik. Von Kant bis Marx, 1977. - Vom Bilde des Absoluten, 1993. - Johann Gottlieb Fichtes Wissenschaftslehre 1805. Methodisch-systematischer und philosophiegeschichtlicher Kommentar, 1999. In der Supplementa-Reihe ist (bei Rodopi) erschienen: Entgegensetzungen. Studien zu Fichte-Konfrontationen von Rousseau bis Kierkegaard, 1994. Wolfgang Janke, dessen erster akademischer Lehrer ein Erneuerer der Kant- und Fichte-Interpretation, Heinz Heimsoeth, war und dem durch Karl-Heinz Volkmann-Schluck aus dem Heidegger-Kreis der Deutsche Idealismus in seiner problemreichen Vollendungsphase nahegebracht wurde, ist heute Ehrenprasident der Internationalen Fichte-Gesellschaft. (shrink)