Results for 'Normalism'

1000+ found
Order:
  1. Decisions by competent adults.Normal L. Cantor & My Annotated Living Will - 1994 - Contemporary Issues in Bioethics 324:429.
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  2.  52
    Deduction, Ordering, and Operations in Quantum Logic.Normal D. Megill & Mladen Pavičić - 2002 - Foundations of Physics 32 (3):357-378.
    We show that in quantum logic of closed subspaces of Hilbert space one cannot substitute quantum operations for classical (standard Hilbert space) ones and treat them as primitive operations. We consider two possible ways of such a substitution and arrive at operation algebras that are not lattices what proves the claim. We devise algorithms and programs which write down any two-variable expression in an orthomodular lattice by means of classical and quantum operations in an identical form. Our results show that (...)
    Direct download (5 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  3.  15
    The Phases of Venus in Germanicus: A Note on German. fr. 4.73–76.Piazza dei Cavalieri Adalberto MagnavaccaCorresponding authorScuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, ItaliaScuola Normale SuperiorePiazza dei Cavalieri & Italyemailother Articles by This Author:De Gruyter Onlinegoogle Scholar Pisa - forthcoming - Philologus: Zeitschrift für Antike Literatur Und Ihre Rezeption.
    Philologus, founded in 1846, is one of the oldest and most respected periodicals in the field of Classics. It publishes articles on Greek and Latin literature, historiography, philosophy, history of religion, linguistics, reception, and the history of scholarship. The journal aims to contribute to our understanding of Greco-Roman culture and its lasting influence on European civilization. The journal Philologus, conceived as a forum for discussion among different methodological approaches to the study of ancient texts and their reception, publishes original scholarly (...)
    No categories
    Direct download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  4.  30
    Against Musical ἀτεχνία: Papyrus Hibeh I 13 and the Debate on τέχνη in Classical Greece.Francesco PelosiCorresponding authorScuola Normale Superiore – Classe di Scienze Umane Pisa & Toscana ItalyEmail: - forthcoming - Apeiron.
    Objective Apeiron was founded in 1966 and has developed into one of the oldest and most distinguished journals dedicated to the study of ancient philosophy, ancient science, and, in particular, of problems that concern both fields. Apeiron is committed to publishing high-quality research papers in these areas of ancient Greco-Roman intellectual history; it also welcomes submission of articles dealing with the reception of ancient philosophical and scientific ideas in the later western tradition. The journal appears quarterly. Articles are peer-reviewed on (...)
    Direct download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  5.  12
    Un ignorato adespotum poetico in Esichio.Stefano Vecchiatocorresponding Authorscuola Normale Superiorepiazza Dei Cavalieri I. – Pisaitalyemailother Articles by This Author:De Gruyter Onlinegoogle Scholar - forthcoming - Philologus: Zeitschrift für Antike Literatur Und Ihre Rezeption.
    Philologus, founded in 1846, is one of the oldest and most respected periodicals in the field of Classics. It publishes articles on Greek and Latin literature, historiography, philosophy, history of religion, linguistics, reception, and the history of scholarship. The journal aims to contribute to our understanding of Greco-Roman culture and its lasting influence on European civilization. The journal Philologus, conceived as a forum for discussion among different methodological approaches to the study of ancient texts and their reception, publishes original scholarly (...)
    No categories
    Direct download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  6. Arnaldez, Roger (2001) Averroes: A Rationalist in Islam. Notre Dame, Indiana: University of Notre Dame Press, $34.95, 168 pp. Applebaum, David (2000) The Delay of the Heart. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, $19.95, 167 pp. Corrington, Robert S.(2000) A Semiotic Theory of Theology and Philosophy. New York. [REVIEW]Normal Nihilism - 2001 - International Journal for Philosophy of Religion 49:201-202.
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  7.  7
    Olivier Gasquet and Andreas Herzig.From Classical to Normal Modal Logics - 1996 - In Heinrich Wansing (ed.), Proof theory of modal logic. Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
    No categories
    Direct download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  8.  7
    Le Retrait du politique: travaux du Centre de recherches philosophiques sur le politique.Jacob Rogozinski & Ecole Normale Supérieure - 1983 - Editions Galilée.
    No categories
    Direct download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  9.  2
    a D eaeaeaa.Normal Coma Vegetative Minimally Locked-in - 2011 - In Judy Illes & Barbara J. Sahakian (eds.), Oxford Handbook of Neuroethics. Oxford University Press. pp. 119.
    No categories
    Direct download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  10.  58
    Leibniz and ‘Bradley’s Regress’.Scuola Normale Superiore - 2010 - The Leibniz Review 20:1-12.
    In a text written during his stay in Paris, Leibniz, to deny ontological reality to relations, employs an argument well known to the medieval thinkers and which later would be revived by Francis H. Bradley. If one assumes that relations are real and that a relation links any property to a subject – so runs the argument – then one falls prey to an infinite regress. Leibniz seems to be well aware of the consequences that this argument has for his (...)
    Direct download (3 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   1 citation  
  11.  19
    Leibniz and ‘Bradley’s Regress’.Scuola Normale Superiore - 2010 - The Leibniz Review 20:1-12.
    In a text written during his stay in Paris, Leibniz, to deny ontological reality to relations, employs an argument well known to the medieval thinkers and which later would be revived by Francis H. Bradley. If one assumes that relations are real and that a relation links any property to a subject – so runs the argument – then one falls prey to an infinite regress. Leibniz seems to be well aware of the consequences that this argument has for his (...)
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   1 citation  
  12.  18
    Acta Genetica et Statistica Medica.Gunnar Dahlberg, H. Sjövall, What Does Normal Mean & By G. Dahlberg - 1951 - The Eugenics Review 43 (1).
    No categories
    Direct download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  13.  5
    Filosofi greci dell'età ellenistica.Paul Oskar Kristeller & Scuola Normale Superiore - 1991 - Pisa: Scuola normale superiore.
    No categories
    Direct download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   2 citations  
  14. Normal‐proper functions in the philosophy of mind.Andrew Rubner - 2022 - Philosophy Compass (7):1-11.
    This paper looks at the nature of normal-proper functions and the role they play in theories of representational content. More specifically: I lay down two desiderata for a theory which tries to capture what's distinctive of normal-proper functions and discuss two prominent theories which claim to satisfy them. I discuss the advantages of having normal-proper functions ground a theory of representational content. And, I look at both orthodox and heterodox versions of such theories.
    Direct download (6 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   5 citations  
  15.  62
    Normality Does Not Equal Mental Health: The Need to Look Elsewhere for Standards of Good Psychological Health.Steven James Bartlett - 2011 - Santa Barbara, CA, USA: Praeger.
    Normality Does Not Equal Mental Health: The Need to Look Elsewhere for Standards of Good Mental Health is the first book to question the equation of psychological normality and mental health. It is also the first book to take contemporary psychiatry and clinical psychology to task for deeply flawed thinking when they accept the diagnostic system propounded by the DSM, which reifies syndromes into alleged “mental disorders.” Where Thomas Szasz argued that “mental disorders” are myths, Bartlett makes the much more (...)
  16. Finding Normality in Abnormality: On the Ascription of Normal Functions to Cancer.Seth Goldwasser - 2023 - Philosophy of Science:1-14.
    Cancer biologists ascribe normal functions to parts of cancer. Normal functions are activities that parts of systems are in some minimal sense supposed to perform. Cancer biologists’ finding normality within the abnormality of cancer pose difficulties for two main approaches to normal function. One approach claims that normal functions are activities that parts are selected for. However, some parts of cancers that have normal functions aren’t selected to perform them. The other approach claims that normal functions are part-activities typical for (...)
    Direct download (3 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   1 citation  
  17.  16
    ‘Normal’, ‘natural’, ‘good’ or ‘good‐enough’ birth: examining the concepts.Susanne Darra - 2009 - Nursing Inquiry 16 (4):297-305.
    In the face of increasing intervention in childbirth, ‘normal birth’ is currently being promoted by the World Health Organization, national governments, professional bodies and other organisations throughout the world. This paper takes a postmodernist stance and explores the idea of the ‘normal’ before going on to analyse normal childbirth, referring to concepts of the normal and the natural. It refers to historical developments in childbearing and lay organisations along with research relating to women’s views of childbirth, to question the appropriateness (...)
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  18.  74
    Normality and Majority: Towards a Statistical Understanding of Normality Statements.Corina Strößner - 2015 - Erkenntnis 80 (4):793-809.
    Normality judgements are frequently used in everyday communication as well as in biological and social science. Moreover they became increasingly relevant to formal logic as part of defeasible reasoning. This paper distinguishes different kinds of normality statements. It is argued that normality laws like “Birds can normally fly” should be understood essentially in a statistical way. The argument has basically two parts: firstly, a statistical semantic core is mandatory for a descriptive reading of normality in order to explain the logical (...)
    No categories
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   7 citations  
  19. Normal Knowledge: Toward an Explanation-Based Theory of Knowledge.Andrew Peet & Eli Pitcovski - 2018 - Journal of Philosophy 115 (3):141-157.
    In this paper we argue that knowledge is characteristically safe true belief. We argue that an adequate approach to epistemic luck must not be indexed to methods of belief formation, but rather to explanations for belief. This shift is problematic for several prominent approaches to the theory of knowledge, including virtue reliabilism and proper functionalism (as normally conceived). The view that knowledge is characteristically safe true belief is better able to accommodate the shift in question.
    Direct download (4 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   19 citations  
  20. The normality of error.Sam Carter & Simon Goldstein - 2021 - Philosophical Studies 178 (8):2509-2533.
    Formal models of appearance and reality have proved fruitful for investigating structural properties of perceptual knowledge. This paper applies the same approach to epistemic justification. Our central goal is to give a simple account of The Preface, in which justified belief fails to agglomerate. Following recent work by a number of authors, we understand knowledge in terms of normality. An agent knows p iff p is true throughout all relevant normal worlds. To model The Preface, we appeal to the normality (...)
    Direct download (4 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   18 citations  
  21.  3
    Malignant Normality and the Dilemma of Resistance: Honoring Minima Moralia.Shierry Weber Nicholsen - 2021 - Krisis | Journal for Contemporary Philosophy 41 (2):93-94.
    No categories
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  22. Justification, knowledge, and normality.Clayton Littlejohn & Julien Dutant - 2020 - Philosophical Studies 177 (6):1593-1609.
    There is much to like about the idea that justification should be understood in terms of normality or normic support (Smith 2016, Goodman and Salow 2018). The view does a nice job explaining why we should think that lottery beliefs differ in justificatory status from mundane perceptual or testimonial beliefs. And it seems to do that in a way that is friendly to a broadly internalist approach to justification. In spite of its attractions, we think that the normic support view (...)
    Direct download (3 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   26 citations  
  23. Normality and actual causal strength.Thomas F. Icard, Jonathan F. Kominsky & Joshua Knobe - 2017 - Cognition 161 (C):80-93.
    Existing research suggests that people's judgments of actual causation can be influenced by the degree to which they regard certain events as normal. We develop an explanation for this phenomenon that draws on standard tools from the literature on graphical causal models and, in particular, on the idea of probabilistic sampling. Using these tools, we propose a new measure of actual causal strength. This measure accurately captures three effects of normality on causal judgment that have been observed in existing studies. (...)
    Direct download (9 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   56 citations  
  24. Normal Human Variation: Refocussing the Enhancement Debate.Guy Kahane & Julian Savulescu - 2013 - Bioethics 29 (2):133-143.
    This article draws attention to several common mistakes in thinking about biomedical enhancement, mistakes that are made even by some supporters of enhancement. We illustrate these mistakes by examining objections that John Harris has recently raised against the use of pharmacological interventions to directly modulate moral decision-making. We then apply these lessons to other influential figures in the debate about enhancement. One upshot of our argument is that many considerations presented as powerful objections to enhancement are really strong considerations in (...)
    Direct download (3 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   28 citations  
  25.  43
    Normality: a Two-Faced Concept.Tomasz Wysocki - 2020 - Review of Philosophy and Psychology 11 (4):689-716.
    Consider how we evaluate how normal an object is. On the dual-nature hypothesis, a normality evaluation depends on the object’s goodness and frequency. On the single-nature hypothesis, the evaluation depends solely on either frequency or goodness. To assess these hypotheses, I ran four experiments. Study 1 shows that normality evaluations vary with both the goodness and the frequency assessment of the object. Study 2 shows that manipulating the goodness and the frequency dimension changes the normality evaluation. Yet, neither experiment rules (...)
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   11 citations  
  26.  12
    Normality: a critical genealogy.P. M. Cryle - 2017 - Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Edited by Elizabeth Stephens.
    The concept of normal is so familiar that it can be hard to imagine contemporary life without it. Yet the term entered everyday speech only in the mid-twentieth century. Before that, it was solely a scientific term used primarily in medicine to refer to a general state of health and the orderly function of organs. But beginning in the middle of the twentieth century, normal broke out of scientific usage, becoming less precise and coming to mean a balanced condition to (...)
    No categories
    Direct download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   12 citations  
  27. Normal Functioning and the Treatment-Enhancement Distinction.Norman Daniels - 2000 - Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 9 (3):309--322.
    The treatment-enhancement distinction draws a line between services or interventions meant to prevent or cure conditions that we view as diseases or disabilities and interventions that improve a condition that we view as a normal function or feature of members of our species. The line drawn here is widely appealed to in medical practice and medical insurance contexts, as well as in our everyday thinking about the medical services we do and should assist people in obtaining.
    Direct download (6 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   79 citations  
  28. Normality: Part Descriptive, part prescriptive.Adam Bear & Joshua Knobe - 2017 - Cognition 167 (C):25-37.
    People’s beliefs about normality play an important role in many aspects of cognition and life (e.g., causal cognition, linguistic semantics, cooperative behavior). But how do people determine what sorts of things are normal in the first place? Past research has studied both people’s representations of statistical norms (e.g., the average) and their representations of prescriptive norms (e.g., the ideal). Four studies suggest that people’s notion of normality incorporates both of these types of norms. In particular, people’s representations of what is (...)
    Direct download (3 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   44 citations  
  29.  99
    Normal Circumstances Reliabilism: Goldman on Reliability and Justified Belief.Peter J. Graham - 2017 - Philosophical Topics 45 (1):33-61.
    Alvin Goldman’s paper “What Is Justified Belief" and his book Epistemology and Cognition pioneered reliabilist theories of epistemic justifiedness. In light of counterexamples to necessity and counterexamples to sufficiency, Goldman has offered a number of refinements and modifications. This paper focuses on those refinements that relativize the justification conferring force of a belief-forming process to its reliably producing a high ratio of true beliefs over falsehoods in special circumstances: reliability in the actual world, in normal worlds, and in nonmanipulated environments. (...)
    Direct download (4 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   12 citations  
  30.  15
    Closed Normal Subgroups.James H. Schmerl - 2001 - Mathematical Logic Quarterly 47 (4):489-492.
    Let ℳ be a countable, recursively saturated model of Peano Arithmetic, and let Aut be its automorphism group considered as a topological group with the pointwise stabilizers of finite sets being the basic open subgroups. Kaye proved that the closed normal subgroups are precisely the obvious ones, namely the stabilizers of invariant cuts. A proof of Kaye's theorem is given here which, although based on his proof, is different enough to yield consequences not obtainable from Kaye's proof.
    Direct download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   4 citations  
  31. Normality as a biological concept.Robert Wachbroit - 1994 - Philosophy of Science 61 (4):579-591.
    The biological sciences employ a concept of normality that must be distinguished from statistical or value concepts. The concept of normality is presupposed in the standard explications of biological functions, and it is crucial to the strategy of explanation by approximations in, for example, physiology. Nevertheless, this concept of normality does not seem to be captured in the language of physics. Thus attempts at explaining the methodological relationship between the biological sciences and the physical sciences by concentrating only on the (...)
    Direct download (8 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   48 citations  
  32.  45
    Distributive justice and cognitive enhancement in lower, normal intelligence.Mikael Dunlop & Julian Savulescu - 2014 - Monash Bioethics Review 32 (3-4):189-204.
    There exists a significant disparity within society between individuals in terms of intelligence. While intelligence varies naturally throughout society, the extent to which this impacts on the life opportunities it affords to each individual is greatly undervalued. Intelligence appears to have a prominent effect over a broad range of social and economic life outcomes. Many key determinants of well-being correlate highly with the results of IQ tests, and other measures of intelligence, and an IQ of 75 is generally accepted as (...)
    Direct download (3 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   4 citations  
  33.  32
    Normality, Non-contamination and Logical Depth in Classical Natural Deduction.Marcello D’Agostino, Dov Gabbay & Sanjay Modgil - 2020 - Studia Logica 108 (2):291-357.
    In this paper we provide a detailed proof-theoretical analysis of a natural deduction system for classical propositional logic that (i) represents classical proofs in a more natural way than standard Gentzen-style natural deduction, (ii) admits of a simple normalization procedure such that normal proofs enjoy the Weak Subformula Property, (iii) provides the means to prove a Non-contamination Property of normal proofs that is not satisfied by normal proofs in the Gentzen tradition and is useful for applications, especially in formal argumentation, (...)
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   4 citations  
  34.  35
    Normal Ordering and Abnormal Nonsense.Allan I. Solomon - 2010 - Foundations of Physics 40 (7):684-691.
    The technique of the normal ordering of non-commuting operators is an important tool in the solution of problems involving creation and annihilation operators in quantum physics, such as in many-body theory or quantum optics. We point out the inconsistencies in previous definitions of the two standard normal ordering procedures for such operators, and show how consistent definitions may be made.
    Direct download (3 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  35.  74
    Against'normal science'.John Wn Watkins - 1970 - In Imre Lakatos & Alan Musgrave (eds.), Criticism and the growth of knowledge. Cambridge [Eng.]: Cambridge University Press.
    No categories
    Direct download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   35 citations  
  36.  25
    The Normal and the Pathological.Carolyn R. Fawcett (ed.) - 1978 - Zone Books.
    The Normal and the Pathological is one of the crucial contributions to the history of science in the last half century. It takes as its starting point the sudden appearance of biology as a science in the 19th-century and examines the conditions determining its particular makeup.Canguilhem analyzes the radically new way in which health and disease were defined in the early 19th-century, showing that the emerging categories of the normal and the pathological were far from being objective scientific concepts. He (...)
    No categories
    Direct download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   4 citations  
  37.  54
    Normal monomodal logics can simulate all others.Marcus Kracht & Frank Wolter - 1999 - Journal of Symbolic Logic 64 (1):99-138.
    This paper shows that non-normal modal logics can be simulated by certain polymodal normal logics and that polymodal normal logics can be simulated by monomodal (normal) logics. Many properties of logics are shown to be reflected and preserved by such simulations. As a consequence many old and new results in modal logic can be derived in a straightforward way, sheding new light on the power of normal monomodal logic.
    Direct download (8 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   27 citations  
  38. Normality, safety and knowledge.Markos Valaris - 2022 - Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 106 (2):394-401.
    Recent epistemology has seen a striking rise in interest in the notion of normality, including in the analysis of justified belief, defeasible reasoning, and knowledge. In the analysis of knowledge in particular, normality has been used to support modal analyses of knowledge, according to which knowledge is safely true belief. In this paper, I sound a note of caution regarding this proposal. As I will argue, the counterexamples that originally seemed to threaten the safety analysis of knowledge in its more (...)
    No categories
    Direct download (4 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  39.  63
    Twofold Normality: Husserl and the Normative Relevance of Primordial Constitution.Joona Taipale - 2012 - Husserl Studies 28 (1):49-60.
    This article draws on Husserl’s manuscripts from the 1920s and 1930s (especially on the as-yet unpublished D-manuscripts), arguing that each concrete experience is governed by an irreducible tension between two intersecting normative dimensions: primordial and intersubjective. Husserl’s ideas of normality and normativity have gained a lot of attention in recent years, but the normative aspects of primordial constitution have not been properly taken into account. By arguing for the “normative tension” between the primordial and the intersubjective, this article contributes to (...)
    Direct download (4 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   14 citations  
  40. Normality operators and Classical Recapture in Extensions of Kleene Logics.Ciuni Roberto & Massimiliano Carrara - forthcoming - Logic Journal of the IGPL.
    In this paper, we approach the problem of classical recapture for LP and K3 by using normality operators. These generalize the consistency and determinedness operators from Logics of Formal Inconsistency and Underterminedness, by expressing, in any many-valued logic, that a given formula has a classical truth value (0 or 1). In particular, in the rst part of the paper we introduce the logics LPe and Ke3 , which extends LP and K3 with normality operators, and we establish a classical recapture (...)
    Direct download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  41.  69
    Normality in Husserl and Foucault.Paul Gyllenhammer - 2009 - Research in Phenomenology 39 (1):52-68.
    Husserl and Foucault appear to have little in common when it comes to the question of normality. Husserl often discusses the emergence or constitution of norms from a subjective perspective whereas Foucault targets norms as a coercive problem. But if we recognize that the body is the locus of concern for both thinkers, then we can see that Husserl's interest in norm optimization is at home with Foucault's genealogical critique of bio-power . The essay draws a line of comparison between (...)
    Direct download (5 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   1 citation  
  42. The burden of normality: from 'chronically ill' to 'symptom free'. New ethical challenges for deep brain stimulation postoperative treatment.Frederic Gilbert - 2012 - Journal of Medical Ethics 38 (7):408-412.
    Although an invasive medical intervention, Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) has been regarded as an efficient and safe treatment of Parkinson’s disease for the last 20 years. In terms of clinical ethics, it is worth asking whether the use of DBS may have unanticipated negative effects similar to those associated with other types of psychosurgery. Clinical studies of epileptic patients who have undergone an anterior temporal lobectomy have identified a range of side effects and complications in a number of domains: psychological, (...)
    Direct download (7 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   44 citations  
  43. Normality, therapy, and enhancement - What should bioconservatives say about the medicalization of love?Alberto Giubilini - 2015 - Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 24 (3):347-354.
    According to human enhancement advocates, it is morally permissible (and sometimes obligatory) to use biomedical means to modulate or select certain biological traits in order to increase people’s welfare, even when there is no pathology to be treated or prevented. Some authors have recently proposed to extend the use of biomedical means to modulate lust, attraction, and attachment. I focus on some conceptual implications of this proposal, particularly with regard to bioconservatives’ understanding of the notions of therapy and enhancement I (...)
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  44. Normal Monomodal Logics Can Simulate All Others.Marcus Kracht & Frank Wolter - 1999 - Journal of Symbolic Logic 64 (1):99-138.
    This paper shows that non-normal modal logics can be simulated by certain polymodal normal logics and that polymodal normal logics can be simulated by monomodal logics. Many properties of logics are shown to be reflected and preserved by such simulations. As a consequence many old and new results in modal logic can be derived in a straightforward way, sheding new light on the power of normal monomodal logic.
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   18 citations  
  45. Evolutionary Psychology and Normal Science: In Search of a Unifying Research Program.Jonathan Egeland - forthcoming - Integrative Psychological and Behavioral Science.
    Why are there so many controversies in evolutionary psychology? Using a couple of concepts from philosophy of science, this paper argues that evolutionary psychology has not reached the stage of mature, normal science, since it does not currently have a unifying research program that guides individual scientists working in the discipline. The argument goes against claims made by certain proponents and opponents of evolutionary psychology, and it is supported by discussion of several examples. The paper notes that just because evolutionary (...)
    Direct download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  46.  41
    Induction, Normality and Reasoning with Arbitrary Objects.Markos Valaris - 2017 - Ratio 30 (2):137-148.
    This paper concerns the apparent fact — discussed by Sinan Dogramaci and Brian Weatherson — that inductive reasoning often interacts in disastrous ways with patterns of reasoning that seem perfectly fine in the deductive case. In contrast to Dogramaci's and Weatherson's own suggestions, I argue that these cases show that we cannot reason inductively about arbitrary objects. Moreover, as I argue, this prohibition is neatly explained by a certain hypothesis about the rational basis of inductive reasoning — namely, the hypothesis (...)
    No categories
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   5 citations  
  47.  68
    Is normal science good science?Adrianna Kępińska - 2015 - Semina Scientiarum 14:82-91.
    “Normal science” is a concept introduced by Thomas Kuhn in The Structure of Scientific Revolutions. In Kuhn’s view, normal science means “puzzle solving”, solving problems within the paradigm—framework most successful in solving current major scientific problems—rather than producing major novelties. This paper examines Kuhnian and Popperian accounts of normal science and their criticisms to assess if normal science is good. The advantage of normal science according to Kuhn was “psychological”: subjective satisfaction from successful “puzzle solving”. Popper argues for an “intellectual” (...)
    Direct download (4 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  48.  22
    Normal science: not uncritical or dogmatic.Samuel Schindler - 2024 - Synthese 203 (4):1-22.
    When Kuhn first published his _Structure of Scientific Revolutions_ he was accused of promoting an “irrationalist” account of science. Although it has since been argued that this charge is unfair in one aspect or another, the early criticism still exerts an influence on our understanding of Kuhn. In particular, normal science is often characterized as dogmatic and uncritical, even by commentators sympathetic to Kuhn. I argue not only that there is no textual evidence for this view but also that normal (...)
    No categories
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  49.  62
    Induction, Normality and Reasoning with Arbitrary Objects.Markos Valaris - 2016 - Ratio 29 (4).
    This paper concerns the apparent fact — discussed by Sinan Dogramaci and Brian Weatherson — that inductive reasoning often interacts in disastrous ways with patterns of reasoning that seem perfectly fine in the deductive case. In contrast to Dogramaci's and Weatherson's own suggestions, I argue that these cases show that we cannot reason inductively about arbitrary objects. Moreover, as I argue, this prohibition is neatly explained by a certain hypothesis about the rational basis of inductive reasoning — namely, the hypothesis (...)
    Direct download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   5 citations  
  50.  36
    Normal and Abnormal Anxiety in the Age of DSM-5 and ICD-11.Dan J. Stein & Randolph M. Nesse - 2015 - Emotion Review 7 (3):223-229.
    Despite the effort on DSM-5 and ICD-11, few appear satisfied with these classification systems. We suggest that the core reason for dissatisfaction is expecting too much from them; they do not provide discrete categories that map to specific causes of disease, they describe clinical syndromes intended to guide treatment choices. Here we review work on anxiety and anxiety disorders to argue that while clinicians draw a pragmatic distinction between normal and abnormal emotions based on considerations such as severity and duration, (...)
    Direct download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   6 citations  
1 — 50 / 1000