A década de 90 e o início do século XXI estão marcados por reformas que atingem as estruturas do Estado brasileiro e com ela também a Educação Superior. Reformas que recambiam a noção de direito público à educação, ao conhecimento, à função do Estado, aos financiamentos, regidas pela agência Banco Mundial (BM). Nesse movimento, a terminologia sociedade do conhecimento emerge como fundamento epistemológico condicionando à universidade o papel de produtora de conhecimentos de valor econômico e de consenso. Mobiliza-se, assim, um (...) conjunto de orientações e discursos de agentes nacionais e internacionais para dar legitimidade às reformas tornando a Educação Superior objeto crescente de disputa de mercados e de espaços de resolução de problemas da pobreza e do desenvolvimento. Analisamos documentos nacionais e internacionais e literaturas especializadas para compor nosso debate. Partimos de dados documentais buscando compreender o conjunto das orientações às políticas para o Ensino Superior e as implicações em termos de reformas no País. Defendemos a hipótese de que os conhecimentos são orientados para produzir consenso social por meio de discursos de equidade e desenvolvimento, discursos que encobrem a verdadeira natureza das reformas que se caracterizam pelo monopólio do conhecimento e perpetuação da exclusão social. (shrink)

Después de algunas décadas de desarrollo teórico del feminismo, el mismo perfil de la filosofía se ha transformado con la inteoducción de temas y conceptos novedosos como la perspectiva de género. Los profesores de la Facultad de Filosofía de la Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo (UMSNH) (y las destacadas invitadas que colaboran en este libro), sensibles a los avances y al despliegue de las categorías culturales que las reflexiones feministas aportan al mundo contemporáneo, se dan a la tarea (...) de describir algunos fenómenos y analizar el impacto que la teoría feminista ha tenido en los diferentes ámbitos del saber filosófico, sin menoscabo de su propia identidad de género. La confluencia entre las reflexiones feministas y los procesos de reflexión sobre la cultura, y a percibir la relación que éstos tienen con los procesos de identidad y diferenciación de género. La teoría feminista ha resultado ser así un recurso teórico de inapreciable valor en el intento de comprención general de la cultura.Tres secciones articulan este libro: Mitos y Logos de lo femenino, Reflexiones metodológicas sobre Teoría Feminista y Filosofía, y Filosofía de la Cultura y diferencia sexual. La amplitud y diversidad de temas que los integran no muestra la dimensión del espectro de conocimiento que se abre ante los perplejos ojos del filósofo contemporáneo que busca dotar a su actividad de la dignidad que el feminismo ha recuperado para el mundo plenamente humano. Si bien en otros campos de la filosofía ha resultado posible (con toda su cuestionabilidad) hacer abstracción de los hechos de la diferencia sexual, en este campo de análisis tal omisión resulta imposible, como lo muestan los trabajos integrados aquí. Y salvo que el sesgo de la neutralidad obnubile la claridad intelectual, es evidente que este proceso debería ser necesario en todo intento de reflexión sobre el mundo. (shrink)

Nurses facing impediments to what they perceive as moral practice may experience moral distress. The purpose of this descriptive, cross-sectional study was to determine similarities and differences in moral distress and avoidance behavior between critical care nurses and non-critical care nurses. Sixty-eight critical care and 28 non-critical care nurses completed the Moral Distress Scale and Impact of Event Scale. There were no differences in moral distress scores or impact of event scores between groups after adjusting for age. There was a (...) small positive correlation between moral distress and avoidance behaviors for both the groups. Moral distress is present in both critical care and noncritical care nurses. It is important that nurses are provided with opportunities to cope with this distress and that retention strategies include ways to reduce suffering and mitigate the effects on professional practice. (shrink)

Excerpt from Moral Social Son las calumnias de la propaganda en sen tido contrario. De'émosla pasar, que eso no daña. Pues el mérito de bien está en ser hecho aunque no sea com rendido, ni estimado, ni agradecido, y vivamos a moral, que es lo que hace falta. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology (...) to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works. (shrink)

Originally presented as the author's thesis, Paris-Sorbonne, 1974.

While COVID-19 spreads aggressively and rapidly across the globe, many societies have also witnessed the spread of other viral phenomena like misinformation, conspiracy theories, and general mass suspicions about what is really going on. This study investigates how exposure to and trust in information sources, and anxiety and depression, are associated with conspiracy and misinformation beliefs in eight countries/regions during the COVID-19 pandemic. Data were collected in an online survey fielded from May 29, 2020 to June 12, 2020, resulting in (...) a multinational representative sample of 8,806 adult respondents. Results indicate that greater exposure to traditional media is associated with lower conspiracy and misinformation beliefs, while exposure to politicians and digital media and personal contacts are associated with greater conspiracy and misinformation beliefs. Exposure to health experts is associated with lower conspiracy beliefs only. Higher feelings of depression are also associated with greater conspiracy and misinformation beliefs. We also found relevant group- and country differences. We discuss the implications of these results. (shrink)

This research project investigated manifestations of critical thinking in pupils 10 to 12 years of age during their group discussions held in the context of Philosophy for Children Adapted to Mathematics. The objective of the research project was to examine, through the pupils' discussions, the development of dialogical critical thinking processes. The research was conducted during an entire school year. The research method was based on the Grounded Theory approach; the material used consisted of transcripts of verbal exchanges among the (...) pupils. Analysis of the transcripts revealed that: critical thinking appears to the extent that a 'dia-logue' is established among pupils; on the cognitive level, dialogical critical thinking is comprised of four thinking modes: logical, creative, responsible and meta-cognitive; and on the epistemological level, dialogical critical thinking is only manifested in a context where egocentricity of perspective and relativism of beliefs are transcended. (shrink)

This study explores the impact of participation in a series of moral case deliberations (MCD) on the moral craftsmanship (MCS) of Dutch prison staff. Between 2017–2020, ten MCDs per team were implemented in three prisons (i.e., intervention group). In three other prisons (i.e., control group) no MCDs were implemented. We compared the intervention and control group using a self-developed questionnaire, administered before (pre-measurement) and after the series of MCDs (post-measurement). Results After the MCDs, participants scored significantly higher on 7 of (...) the 70 items related to MCS. On some items there were significant impact differences between the various professional disciplines. Discussion Possible explanations for a relatively low impact are discussed. A shorter and validated questionnaire is needed in order to further study the MCS of professionals and the impact of Ethics Support Services (ESS). Conclusions There was a positive development on some elements of MCS after participation in a series of MCDs. (shrink)

Bundel inleidende colleges op pre-kandidaatsniveau.

The subtle thought of care -- Knowledge politics -- Assembling neglected "things" -- Thinking with care -- Touching visions -- Speculative ethics in antiecological times -- Alterbiopolitics -- Soil times: the pace of ecological care.

Quand, en 1938, au cri de "Penser nous devons", Virginia Woolf exhorta les femmes à résister à leur assimilation "dans la procession des fils des hommes cultivés", elle ne pouvait pas imaginer qu'à peine trente ans plus tard les interventions féministes sur les savoirs scientifiques allaient non seulement prolonger la lutte pour l'égalité d'accès au savoir, mais inaugurer une critique approfondie des contenus des savoirs. Du dedans des disciplines académiques, cette lutte illumina en profondeur ce que Woolf avait déjà compris (...) : la noble idée du savoir désintéressé sert de justification pour les pires exclusions et injustices. Cet ouvrage propose un parcours original des chemins par lesquels la pensée féministe contesta le caractère "neutre" du savoir, depuis les politiques des mouvements jusqu'aux épistémologies alternatives du standpoint feminism anglo-américain. Ce livre se veut une ressource pour chercheures et chercheurs intéressés par la portée politique et théorique du féminisme mais est aussi, modestement, dédié à toute personne qui aspire à d'autres savoirs possibles, ici et maintenant. (shrink)

Taking regular walks when living with Parkinson’s disease has beneficial effects on movement and quality of life. Yet, patients usually show reduced physical activity compared to healthy older adults. Using auditory stimulation such as music can facilitate walking but patients vary significantly in their response. An individualized approach adapting musical tempo to patients’ gait cadence, and capitalizing on these individual differences, is likely to provide a rewarding experience, increasing motivation for walk-in PD. We aim to evaluate the observance, safety, tolerance, (...) usability, and enjoyment of a new smartphone application. It was coupled with wearable sensors and delivered individualized musical stimulation for gait auto-rehabilitation at home. Forty-five patients with PD underwent a 1-month, outdoor, uncontrolled gait rehabilitation program, using the BeatWalk application. The music tempo was being aligned in real-time to patients’ gait cadence in a way that could foster an increase up to +10% of their spontaneous cadence. Open-label evaluation was based on BeatWalk use measures, questionnaires, and a six-minute walk test. Patients used the application 78.8% of the prescribed duration and enjoyed it throughout the program. The application was considered “easy to use” by 75% of the patients. Pain, fatigue, and falls did not increase. Fear of falling decreased and quality of life improved. After the program, patients improved their gait parameters in the six-minute walk test without musical stimulation. BeatWalk is an easy to use, safe, and enjoyable musical application for individualized gait rehabilitation in PD. It increases “walk for exercise” duration thanks to high observance.Clinical Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02647242. (shrink)

Cartesianism constitutes a particular and crucial moment in the history of the relations between the aims of philosophy and feminist claims. This is explained by theoretical reasons (the new Cartesian science posits a human being that is fundamentally non-sexual and ungendered) and by practical reasons (the importance of the philosophical vocations for women and the feminist vocations for men that Cartesianism has permitted). Recent readings of Descartes (which see him either as a misogynist or as a philogynist) show that the (...) theoretical connections between Cartesianism and feminism are strong: Cartesianism powerfully questions the relation of women to philosophy, both as subjects and as philosophical objects. (shrink)

Laughter and yawning can both occur spontaneously and are highly contagious forms of social behavior. When occurring contagiously, laughter and yawning are usually confounded with a social situation and it is difficult to determine to which degree the social situation or stimulus itself contribute to its contagion. While contagious yawning can be reliably elicited in lab when no other individuals are present, such studies are more sparse for laughter. Moreover, laughter and yawning are multimodal stimuli with both an auditory and (...) a visual component: laughter is primarily characterized as a stereotyped vocalization whereas yawning is a predominantly visual signal and it is not known to which degree the visual and auditory modalities affect the contagion of laughter and yawning. We investigated how these two sensory modalities contribute to the contagion of laughter and yawning under controlled laboratory conditions in the absence of a social situation that might confound their contagion. Subjects were presented with naturally produced laughter and yawning in three sensory modalities, and we recorded their reaction to these stimuli. Contagious responses differed for laughter and yawning: overall, laughter elicited more contagious responses than yawning, albeit mostly smiling rather than overt laughter. While the audio-visual condition elicited most contagious responses overall, laughter was more contagious in the auditory modality, and yawning was more contagious in the visual modality. Furthermore, laughter became decreasingly contagious over time, while yawning remained steadily contagious. We discuss these results based on the ontogenetic and phylogenetic trajectories of laughter and yawning. (shrink)

v. 1. On the twelfth century theories of fallacy.--v. 2. The origin and early development of the theory of supposition.

'Ética, sustentabilidade e sociedade - desafios da nossa era' reúne estudos de diferentes áreas do conhecimento - Filosofia, Administração, Geografia - que tem em comum o foco nas questões éticas, como a corrupção no meio político e a crise ambiental planetária. Entre a violação à ética na política brasileira e o desafio de sobrevivência do planeta, variados temas são discutidos. Os pesquisadores também se defrontam com outras vertentes comportamentais, como as relacionadas ao ambiente e ao consumo sustentável.

v. 1. General introduction, the works on logic -- v. 2. The metaphysics, semantics in Aristotle's strategy of argument.

Il ne faut pas chercher à suivre l’ordre chronologique en parcourant ce livre qui s’inscrit dans quelques thématiques (le couple, la femme, les solidarités familiales) abordées à partir de différents dossiers européens d’un large Moyen Âge. Ce sont les doctorants du CIHAM qui ont contribué à ce volume, dans lequel ils analysent des documents de première main, souvent peu connus, ou bien relisent des documents bien connus mais sous des angles nouveaux. Après une brève préface des éditeurs du v...

In these interviews from 1982 and 1985, I ask Beauvoir about her philosophical differences with Jean-Paul Sartre on the issues of voluntarism vs social conditioning and embodiment, individualism vs reciprocity, and ontology vs ethics. We also discuss her influence on Sartre's work, the problems with the current English translation of The Second Sex, her analyses of motherhood and feminist concepts of woman-identity, and her own experience of sexism.

The subject of “The Other”, the different one always generated conflicts more or less serious in the history of humanity, without proposals of any resolution. In the measure in that The Other questions, by similitude or by difference, the identity in which the subject is sustained, that questioning make unstable that precarious construction, and because of this, it converts itself in the opposer. In this study, we will find, in the text of Il Visconte Dimezzato by Italo Calvino, the subject (...) of the Otherness/Alterity, analyzing from the semiotic point of view the reactions and behaviors of each one of the two characters and of the members of the society in which they live. The starting point of the story by Italo Calvino is that in a war between Austria and the Turks, the Viscount Medardo di Terralba as a consequence of a canon shot remains divided vertically into two halves and both halves survive. One of the two halves is very bad and the other is very good. Each one of the two halves sees in the other one “The Other”, feeling itself “The One” but incomplete and desiring to turn to be “The Same” as it was before being divided by the canon shot. (shrink)

Paperback. This volume is a new interpretation of Plato's earlier and later Theory of Ideas, starting from a detailed analysis of the dialogue, The Sophist.The way in which Plato announces his novel Metaphysics has been puzzling scholars for a long time. Did Plato really introduce Change into the Transcendent World and thus abandon his Theory of Unchangeable Forms?Many of Plato's commentators have claimed that the use of modern techniques of logico-semantical analysis can be a valuable aid in unravelling this problem, (...) as well as other difficulties Plato raised and attempted to solve. In this commentary, Plato's own logico-semantical approach to metaphysical problems is followed. (shrink)

Céline Pérol nous offre un parcours quasiment initiatique pour comprendre dans la longue durée le destin si singulier de Marthe, la sœur de Marie-Madeleine et de Lazare. Marthe est longtemps restée dans l’ombre de sa glorieuse fratrie et son culte ne s’est que rarement individualisé. Dans les Évangiles, elle est l’hôtesse du Christ à Béthanie (Lc 10, 38-42), qu’elle accueille activement dans sa maison alors que Marie ne se préoccupe que de rester aux pieds du Christ. Elle est (...) celle qui a tant... (shrink)

Purpose We explored the views of Botswana stakeholders involved in developing, implementing and applying ethical standards for return of individual study results from genomic research. This allowed for mapping opportunities and challenges regarding actionability requirements that determine whether individual genomic research results should be fed back. Methods Using in-depth interviews, this study explored the views of sixteen (16) stakeholders about the extent, nature and timing of feedback of individual genomic research findings, including incidental findings that arise in the context of (...) African genomics research. Coded data was analyzed through an iterative process of analytic induction to document and interpret themes. Results Overall, respondents were of the view that feedback of actionable individual genomic results was an important outcome that could benefit participants. However, a number of themes surfaced that pointed to opportunities and challenges that exist in Botswana that could help in planning for feeding back of individual genomic results that were mapped. Some of the opportunities cited by the respondents included the existence of good governance; democracy and humanitarianism; universal healthcare system; national commitment to science; research and innovation to transform Botswana into a knowledge-based economy; and applicable standard of care which could promote actionability. On the other hand, contextual issues like the requirement for validation of genomic research results in accredited laboratories, high cost of validation of genomic results, and linkage to care, as well as lack of experts like genomic scientists and counselors were considered as challenges for return of individual results. Conclusion We propose that decisions whether and which genomic results to return take into consideration contextual opportunities and challenges for actionability for return of results in a research setting. This is likely to avoid or minimize ethical issues of justice, equity and harm regarding actionability decisions. (shrink)