This book offers a frank and honest assessment of the opportunities and challenges ahead for both the US and the wider world, examining the leading economic, political, and social issues in the context of the several rational choice theories and the emergence of challenges to entrenched Western interests.

BackgroundIn the Canadian Alliance for Healthy Hearts and Minds (CAHHM) cohort, participants underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain, heart, and abdomen, that generated incidental findings (IFs). The approach to managing these unexpected results remain a complex issue. Our objectives were to describe the CAHHM policy for the management of IFs, to understand the impact of disclosing IFs to healthy research participants, and to reflect on the ethical obligations of researchers in future MRI studies.MethodsBetween 2013 and 2019, 8252 participants (...) (mean age 58 ± 9 years, 54% women) were recruited with a follow-up questionnaire administered to 909 participants (40% response rate) at 1-year. The CAHHM policy followed a restricted approach, whereby routine feedback on IFs was not provided. Only IFs of severe structural abnormalities were reported.ResultsSevere structural abnormalities occurred in 8.3% (95% confidence interval 7.7–8.9%) of participants, with the highest proportions found in the brain (4.2%) and abdomen (3.1%). The majority of participants (97%) informed of an IF reported no change in quality of life, with 3% of participants reporting that the knowledge of an IF negatively impacted their quality of life. Furthermore, 50% reported increased stress in learning about an IF, and in 95%, the discovery of an IF did not adversely impact his/her life insurance policy. Most participants (90%) would enrol in the study again and perceived the MRI scan to be beneficial, regardless of whether they were informed of IFs. While the implications of a restricted approach to IF management was perceived to be mostly positive, a degree of diagnostic misconception was present amongst participants, indicating the importance of a more thorough consent process to support participant autonomy.ConclusionThe management of IFs from research MRI scans remain a challenging issue, as participants may experience stress and a reduced quality of life when IFs are disclosed. The restricted approach to IF management in CAHHM demonstrated a fair fulfillment of the overarching ethical principles of respect for autonomy, concern for wellbeing, and justice. The approach outlined in the CAHHM policy may serve as a framework for future research studies.Clinical trial registrationhttps://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/nct02220582. (shrink)

v. 1. The Book of the wise philosophers.--v. 2-3. The treatise of Zärʼa Yaʻe̳qob and of Wäldä Ḥe̳ywåt.--v. 4. The life and maxims of Ske̳nde̳s.--v. 5. The Fisalgw̳os.

Cette édition numérique a été réalisée à partir d'un support physique, parfois ancien, conservé au sein du dépôt légal de la Bibliothèque nationale de France, conformément à la loi n° 2012-287 du 1er mars 2012 relative à l'exploitation des Livres indisponibles du XXe siècle. Quelle sera la fonction d'une logique si le formalisme l'oblitère? On l'a caractérisée sur deux états disjoints : la phénoménologie catégoriale, dont Kant avait épuisé les ressources, et le formulaire quantificationnel. « Copyright Electre » Pages de (...) début Avant-propos - Des dimensions intelligibles Première partie - La seconde navigation Présentation Chapitre premier - Le prix de l'expérience Chapitre II - Logique, histoire formalisation Chapitre III - La logique stoïcienne et la construction du récit Chapitre IV - La dissidence des preuves Deuxième partie - Mises au point Chapitre V - Catégories, apophantique, énonciation Chapitre VI - La vérité d'Aristote et la vérité de Tarski Chapitre VII - Port-Royal et la géométrie des modalités subjectives Chapitre VIII - La philosophie critique et l'énigme du jugement de gout Troisième partie - Perspectives Chapitre IX - De l'expression et de ses recommencements Chapitre X - Le roman grec. Du protreptique à l'éducation sentimentale Chapitre XI - Ce que dit le « menteur crétois », cet agent double Chapitre XII - Entre logique naturelle et intelligence artificielleChapitre XIII - Logique, grammaire, style Index nominum Pages de fin. (shrink)

v. 1. From the Upanishads to the British empiricists.--v. 2. From Kant to the situation in 1963.--v. 3. Related readings.

Shelah, S., C. Laflamme and B. Hart, Models with second order properties V: A general principle, Annals of Pure and Applied Logic 64 169–194. We present a general framework for carrying out the construction in [2-10] and others of the same type. The unifying factor is a combinatorial principle which we present in terms of a game in which the first player challenges the second player to carry out constructions which would be much easier in a generic extension of the (...) universe, and the second player cheats with the aid of ♦. Section 1 contains an axiomatic framework suitable for the description of a number of related constructions, and the statement of the main theorem 1.9 in terms of this framework. In Section 2 we illustrate the use of our combinatorial principle. The proof of the main result is then carried out in Sections 3–5. (shrink)

This paper continues the study of covering properties of models closed under countable sequences. In a previous article we focused on C. Chang's Model . Our purpose is now to deal with the model N = ∪ { L [A]: A countable ⊂ Ord}. We study here relations between covering properties, satisfaction of ZF by N , and cardinality of power sets. Under large cardinal assumptions N is strictly included in Chang's Model C , it may thus be interesting to (...) obtain an analogue for N of the covering result for C . As in [13], we say that N satisfies the covering property if, for any set of ordinals X in the Universe, there exists a set Y in N such that X ⊂ Y and |Y| = |X| ℵ0 . In the first part, we show that if N does not satisfy the covering property, then for any α ω 1 , there exists an inner model with α measurable cardinals. Throughout this paper, we compare three situations: 1. V is the universe constructible from a countable sequence of ultrafilters on different measurable cardinals. 2. N does not satisfy the covering property. 3. There exist ω 1 measurable cardinals or a compact cardinal. Section 2 is devoted to the relation between satisfaction of ZF by N and the covering property. If holds, then N satisfies both ZF and the covering property. On the contrary, in case , N satisfies neither ZF nor the covering property. It is thus natural to obtain that the satisfaction of ZF by N implies the satisfaction of the covering property. Finally we study the cardinality of P ∩ N for a cardinal λ in the different cases. For example we show that if N does not satisfy the covering property, then + is inaccessible in any L [ A ] where A is a countable set of ordinals. This is not the case if holds. Let the expression “ λ + is inaccessible in N ” mean that for any α λ + | P ∩ N | ⩽ λ . If situation occurs, then there exists a measurable cardinal κ such that “ κ + is inaccessible in N ”. The large cardinal assumption is necessary since we show that the last fact implies the violation of the covering property by N. (shrink)

v. 1. 1737-1756, lettres 1-249 -- v. 2. 1757-1760, lettres 250-464 -- v. 3.1761-1774, lettres 465-720 -- v. 4. 1774-1800, lettres 721-855 -- v. 5. Quatre nouvelles lettres, errata, additions et modifications, lettres exclues de l'édition proprement dite, généalogies, liste des lettres, index et table des matières.

v. 1. Problematics of an African philosophy -- v. 2. The Ethiopian sources of African philosophy.

v. 1. From the Upanishads to the British empiricists.--v. 2. From Kant to the situation in 1963.--v. 3. Related readings.

Um 1800 verstärkt sich das Problembewusstsein für eine der wissenschaftlichen Reflexion adäquate Darstellung, da sich die Überzeugung durchsetzt, die Sprache sei nicht nur ein Werkzeug, sondern vielmehr ein »bildendes Organ des Gedankens«. Das enge Verhältnis von Aussage und Ausdruck rückt die Wissenschaft in der deutschen Tradition geradezu zwangsläufig in die Nähe zur Literatur. Dabei zeigt sich das wissenschaftliche Selbstverständnis dieser Jahre in der Frage v.a. seiner Adressierung von einer interessanten Paradoxie geprägt. So soll der jeweilige Sprachgebrauch überhaupt erst den szientistischen (...) Anspruch wissenschaftlicher Projekte beglaubigen und diese gleichsam als Spezialdiskurse legitimieren, zugleich muss der ideale Adressat der Wissenschaft solche Spezialdiskurse aber immer auch überschreiten. J. G. Fichte etwa weist den Vorwurf der »Unverständlichkeit« seiner »Wissenschaftslehre« als implizites Verlangen nach »Seichtigkeit« seitens der Leser zurück, zugleich aber erlegt er dem Wissenschaftler die Aufgabe auf, einen Beitrag zum »Fortgang des Menschengeschlechts« zu leisten. Derartigen Spannungen spürt der Band im Kontext vornehmlich des Niedergangs der Rhetorik und der Neubegründung der Universität nach. (shrink)

Il problema discusso dall'A. è se il linguaggio mentale, in Ockham, comprenda termini connotativi semplici. La risposta positiva, che l'A. difende, contrasta con la tesi sostenuta da P.V. Spade, Ockham's Distinctions Between Absolute and Connotative Terms «Vivarium» 13 55-76, e generalmente accolta. La prima parte dello studio richiama la distinzione tra categoremi assoluti e connotativi, la seconda è centrata sulla connotazione nel linguaggio mentale, la terza sulla sinonimia nella definizione nominale e nel linguaggio mentale, l'ultima sulle proposizioni esponibili.

William of Ockham’s discussion of which grammatical categories are relevant for describing the syntax of mental language occurs in two short and closely related passages: Quodlibeta V, 8 and Summa logicae I, 3. In the present paper, I discuss four riddles that are raised by these two texts: (1) I point to an apparent anomaly in the structure of Summa logicae I, 3 and I propose an amendment to the St. Bonaventure edition in this regard; (2) I argue that Ockham’s (...) main grammatical source in the two passages is the Latin grammarian Donatus rather than Priscian (as might have been thought) and I show why this is relevant; (3) I clarify what problem Ockham has in mind when saying that there is a special difficulty about whether distinctions of “quality” (qualitas) are found among mental names as they are among spoken names; (4) I explain what Ockham means by the “figure” (figura) of names and verbs and why he thinks that this grammatical category is of no relevance for the analysis of mental language. (shrink)

Cette édition numérique a été réalisée à partir d'un support physique, parfois ancien, conservé au sein du dépôt légal de la Bibliothèque nationale de France, conformément à la loi n° 2012-287 du 1er mars 2012 relative à l'exploitation des Livres indisponibles du XXe siècle. La philosophie de Platon se trouve ici interrogée sur la conception de l'alphabet, c'est-à-dire sur les éléments qui rendent possibles la lecture, l'écriture et l'énonciation de quelque pensée que ce soit. « Copyright Electre » Pages de (...) début Introduction Note bibliographique I - De l'écriture II - Une chimère d'écriture III - Le savoir des lettres IV - On n'entend pas la voix de Platon V - L'ame comme un livre VI - L'épaisseur du sémantique VII - L'orthotès, orthophonie, orthographe VIII - Redécouverte du phonétique IX - Stoicheïologie et définition X - La combinaison des genres et le concept d'élément XI - De la lecture XII - Le réceptacle Les archétypes et leur inscription ConclusionIndex nominum Index rerum Pages de fin. (shrink)

Propondo uma releitura do problema da divisão do trabalho em Smith e partindo dos dois discursos sobre a questão desenvolvidos nos Livros I e V da Riqueza das nações, trata-se de analisar esta noção tanto sob o prisma das considerações naturalistas e epistemológicas de Smith quanto destacando o caráter relacional e interdependente presente na divisão do trabalho. Com isso, busca-se reconsiderar criticamente o “liberalismo” de Smith.

« M. Rougier, however, has been an independent contributor to logical empiricism in his own right. (...) In Paralogismes du Rationalisme he anticipated Carnap’s Scheinprobleme with an unequalled wealth of examples »« (...) Pascal introduced a distinction between l’esprit de géométrie and l’esprit de finesse. M. Rougier in his magisterial work [Traité de la connaissance] has expounded the method of geometry with a fitness of insight that is almost unique in the experience of this reviewer. »V....

« M. Rougier, however, has been an independent contributor to logical empiricism in his own right. (...) In Paralogismes du Rationalisme he anticipated Carnap’s Scheinprobleme with an unequalled wealth of examples »« (...) Pascal introduced a distinction between l’esprit de géométrie and l’esprit de finesse. M. Rougier in his magisterial work [Traité de la connaissance] has expounded the method of geometry with a fitness of insight that is almost unique in the experience of this reviewer. »V....

À propos de l'article de V. Stûrmer dans BCH 117 (1993), p. 123-187, observations sur la diffusion locale et la chronologie de quelques formes et décors de la céramique protopalatiale de Malia.

This dissertation attempts to demonstrate that the Platonic thesis that thought is like a dialogue of the soul with itself, in the form it is given in the philosophy of Wilfrid Sellars, is a key to the metaphysics of transcendental subjectivity, and can be used fruitfully as a foil in critically interpreting the classical Cartesian and Kantian texts on the metaphysics of the subject. The metaphor becomes fruitful only when developed in the direction of a functional account of acts of (...) thought, according to which the concepts of intentionality are indifferent as to the material constitution of the items which function in such a manner as to be acts of thought. ;Chapter I demonstrates that although the Platonic thesis appears again and again in ancient and Medieval texts, a functional account is never pursued seriously. The tradition assumes that acts of thought are "diaphanous." Chapter II shows that although there are hints of a functional turn in Descartes' distinction between ideas materialiter and ideas objective, he remains true to the tradition in developing his substance metaphysics of the subject. After a brief look at Leibniz in Chapter III, Chapter IV shows how Kant makes the turn to a functional account of the thinking subject, according to which it is a category mistake to say that the transcendental 'I' is in the world either phenomenally or noumenally. Chapter V shows how Wilfrid Sellars develops the Kantian position by taking up the Platonic thesis and interpreting it in a functional direction. This opens up the way to a positive metaphysics of transcendental subjectivity which is able to do justice to the fact that the subject which constitutes the world is also a subject in the world. (shrink)

An outline of the historical development of ideas of utility and consequences in the history of ethics in the 18th century.

Reprint of the first edition. This incisive critique was written around 1807 by Tracy [1754-1836], a French philosopher and path-breaking psychologist who was a friend of Jefferson [1743-1826]. Jefferson saw the Commentary when it was still a manuscript and was so impressed that he took pains to have it printed. He even helped with the translation and corrected the page proofs. Although the translation was published anonymously, we can identify the author and translators through a letter by Jefferson dated January (...) 26, 1811. Elsewhere in this letter he commends it for correcting the Spirit of the Laws. While other studies had merely "nibbled only at its errors...This want is now supplied, and with a depth of thought, recision of idea, of language and of logic, which will force conviction into every mind. I declare to you, Sir, in the spirit of truth and sincerity, that I consider it the most precious gift the present age has received.": The Writings of Thomas Jefferson V:566-571. (shrink)

(Back Cover:) « La pensée métaphysique renaîtra demain. Ce sont des savants qui ont le goût et le sens de la pensée conduite jusqu’au terme de ses exigences internes, et des philosophes initiés aux sciences expérimentales qui, en commun, la feront. » L’œuvre de Claude Tresmontant (1925-1997) illustre parfaitement cette recherche de la métaphysique d’un monde en devenir, qui sait écouter et se modeler sur la transformation – la métamorphose – promise à une Création finalisée. Le trait commun aux (...) exposés ici présentés sous forme définitive a été cette recherche autour d’une pensée qui renouvelle de l’intérieur la métaphysique en réalisant le vœu de Bergson qu’elle devienne « auscultatrice », que l’énigme que pose l’homme face à son origine et sa destinée ne soit pas recouverte par une pensée qui se perdrait dans la description des choses ou dans l’esprit de système, mais qui non plus n’irait se recroqueviller sur elle-même, en narrant sa propre expérience subjective sous le mode de la déréliction. Claude Tresmontant a su penser l’être en genèse, et il a cherché à renouveler la question de l’existence de Dieu, en en transformant la problématique en dialogue avec les sciences contemporaines. À ce goût de l’être dont les sciences ont renouvelé l’approche, il a également voulu infuser un « supplément d’âme », en repensant la réalité de la création et l’horizon de la cause finale, toujours à partir de la nature ultimement théologique de la réponse à la question « qu’est-ce que l’homme ? » Contributeurs : Yves Tourenne, Philippe Gagnon, Fabien Revol, Brunor, Frédéric Crouslé, Bertrand Souchard, Emmanuel Gabellieri. Table of Contents: Note Liminaire (Ph. Gagnon) - 7 En quoi la pensée de Claude Tresmontant nous stimule-t-elle encore ? Hommage et critique (Y. Tourenne) - 13 L’imbrication de la preuve de Dieu et de la cosmologie chez Tresmontant représente-t-elle une preuve ? (Ph. Gagnon) - 27 L’usage apologétique de la philosophie de Tresmontant dans les Indices pensables de Brunor (F. Revol) - 49 Réponse à Fabien Revol (Brunor) - 77 Qu’est-ce qui cloche dans la théologie de Claude Tresmontant ? (Fr. Crouslé) - 85 Les métaphysiques principales de Claude Tresmontant : la foi biblique est-elle à part de la raison philosophique grecque ? (B. Souchard) - 109 Maurice Blondel et Claude Tresmontant (E. Gabellieri) - 123 La vision informationnelle de Tresmontant, surtout en référence au problème de l’âme (Ph. Gagnon) - 133. (shrink)