Results for 'ontological argument, Douglas Gasking'

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  1.  16
    Gasking's proof.W. Grey - 2000 - Analysis 60 (4):368-370.
    St Anselm (1033-1109) devised an ontological “proof” of the existence of God based on the impossibility of conceiving of God's non-existence. This famous argument inspired a much less-widely known atheistic ontological “proof” of God's non-existence by Melbourne philosopher Douglas Gasking (1911-1994). Juxtaposing Gasking’s argument for the non-existence of God with Anselm’s “proof” brings the basic defect of Anselm’s argument into sharp relief.
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  2. Wittgenstein's Influence.Douglas Gasking - manuscript
    This paper was presented at the University of Illinois in the northern Spring of 1961. Its title is slightly misleading, as it deals more with influences on Wittgenstein than any particular influences he had on others. In particular, it points to an interesting indirect influence the philosophy of C.S. Peirce on Wittgenstein’s later thought – an of inflluence that came about as a result of the many philosophical interactions between Wittgenstein and Frank Ramsey, who was much impressed by Peirce’s work. (...)
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  3.  32
    The circle in the ontological argument.Douglas Walton - 1978 - International Journal for Philosophy of Religion 9 (4):193 - 218.
  4.  22
    Language, logic, and causation: philosophical writings of Douglas Gasking.Tim Oakley & L. J. O'Neill (eds.) - 1996 - Melbourne, Australia: Melbourne University Press.
    This volume is a collection of ten essays by Douglas Gasking (1911–1994), a significant figure in Australian philosophy. There are three previously published papers, “Mathematics and the World” (proposing a form of conventionalism), “Causation and Recipes” (expounding a manipulation account of causation), and “Clusters”, (an account of certain varieties of class-membership). The seven previously unpublished papers include further work on causation, some epistemological issues, subjective probability, a carefully worked out account of the sense in which observable behaviour can (...)
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  5. The Inconceivable Popularity of Conceivability Arguments.Douglas I. Campbell, Jack Copeland & Zhuo-Ran Deng - 2017 - Philosophical Quarterly 67 (267):223-240.
    Famous examples of conceivability arguments include (i) Descartes’ argument for mind-body dualism, (ii) Kripke's ‘modal argument’ against psychophysical identity theory, (iii) Chalmers’ ‘zombie argument’ against materialism, and (iv) modal versions of the ontological argument for theism. In this paper, we show that for any such conceivability argument, C, there is a corresponding ‘mirror argument’, M. M is deductively valid and has a conclusion that contradicts C's conclusion. Hence, a proponent of C—henceforth, a ‘conceivabilist’—can be warranted in holding that C's (...)
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  6.  6
    Ontology and the Practical Arena.Douglas Browning - 1990 - University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press.
    In this challenging study in metaphilosophy, Douglas Browning makes a case for viewing ontology as a legitimate and viable philosophical pursuit. Beginning with a sustained analysis of the process of attempting to construct a system that is true of the whole of reality, he proceeds to focus upon the issues of the need for and availability of controls upon speculative construction. He concludes by arguing for the importance of one such speculative control, namely, an appeal to the structural traits (...)
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  7. Argumentation Schemes. History, Classifications, and Computational Applications.Fabrizio Macagno, Douglas Walton & Chris Reed - 2017 - IfCoLog Journal of Logics and Their Applications 8 (4):2493-2556.
    Argumentation schemes can be described as abstract structures representing the most generic types of argument, constituting the building blocks of the ones used in everyday reasoning. This paper investigates the structure, classification, and uses of such schemes. Three goals are pursued: 1) to describe the schemes, showing how they evolved and how they have been classified in the traditional and the modern theories; 2) to propose a method for classifying them based on ancient and modern developments; and 3) to outline (...)
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  8.  11
    Using conversation policies to solve problems of ambiguity in argumentation and artificial intelligence.Douglas N. Walton - 2006 - Pragmatics and Cognition 14 (1):3-36.
    This investigation joins recent research on problems with ambiguity in two fields, argumentation and computing. In argumentation, there is a concern with fallacies arising from ambiguity, including equivocation and amphiboly. In computing, the development of agent communication languages is based on conversation policies that make it possible to have information exchanges on the internet, as well as other forms of dialogue like persuasion and negotiation, in which ambiguity is a problem. Because it is not possible to sharply differentiate between problems (...)
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  9.  37
    Using conversation policies to solve problems of ambiguity in argumentation and artificial intelligence.Douglas N. Walton - 2006 - Pragmatics and Cognition 14 (1):3-36.
    This investigation joins recent research on problems with ambiguity in two fields, argumentation and computing. In argumentation, there is a concern with fallacies arising from ambiguity, including equivocation and amphiboly. In computing, the development of agent communication languages is based on conversation policies that make it possible to have information exchanges on the internet, as well as other forms of dialogue like persuasion and negotiation, in which ambiguity is a problem. Because it is not possible to sharply differentiate between problems (...)
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  10. The Argumentative Structure of Persuasive Definitions.Fabrizio Macagno & Douglas Walton - 2008 - Ethical Theory and Moral Practice 11 (5):525-549.
    In this paper we present an analysis of persuasive definition based on argumentation schemes. Using the medieval notion of differentia and the traditional approach to topics, we explain the persuasiveness of emotive terms in persuasive definitions by applying the argumentation schemes for argument from classification and argument from values. Persuasive definitions, we hold, are persuasive because their goal is to modify the emotive meaning denotation of a persuasive term in a way that contains an implicit argument from values. However, our (...)
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  11. Classifying the patterns of natural arguments.Fabrizio Macagno & Douglas Walton - 2015 - Philosophy and Rhetoric 48 (1): 26-53.
    The representation and classification of the structure of natural arguments has been one of the most important aspects of Aristotelian and medieval dialectical and rhetorical theories. This traditional approach is represented nowadays in models of argumentation schemes. The purpose of this article is to show how arguments are characterized by a complex combination of two levels of abstraction, namely, semantic relations and types of reasoning, and to provide an effective and comprehensive classification system for this matrix of semantic and quasilogical (...)
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  12. Classifying the Patterns of Natural Arguments.Fabrizio Macagno & Douglas Walton - 2015 - Philosophy and Rhetoric 48 (1):26-53.
    The representation and classification of the structure of natural arguments has been one of the most important aspects of Aristotelian and medieval dialectical and rhetorical theories. This traditional approach is represented nowadays in models of argumentation schemes. The purpose of this article is to show how arguments are characterized by a complex combination of two levels of abstraction, namely, semantic relations and types of reasoning, and to provide an effective and comprehensive classification system for this matrix of semantic and quasilogical (...)
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  13. Was Spinoza a Naturalist?Alexander Douglas - 2014 - Pacific Philosophical Quarterly 96 (1):77-99.
    In this article I dispute the claim, made by several contemporary scholars, that Spinoza was a naturalist. ‘Naturalism’ here refers to two distinct but related positions in contemporary philosophy. The first, ontological naturalism, is the view that everything that exists possesses a certain character permitting it to be defined as natural and prohibiting it from being defined as supernatural. I argue that the only definition of ontological naturalism that could be legitimately applied to Spinoza's philosophy is so unrestrictive (...)
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  14. The Ontological Form of Tropes - Refuting Douglas Ehring’s Main Argument against Standard Trope Nominalism.Jani Hakkarainen & Markku Keinänen - 2017 - Philosophia 45 (2):647-658.
    According to standard trope nominalism, there are simple tropes that do not have parts or multiply distinct aspects. Douglas Ehring’s reductio ad absurdum against this standard view concludes that there are no simple tropes. In this paper, we provide a response to Ehring defending the standard view. Ehring’s argument may be refuted by (1) distinguishing the ontological form of tropes from their contribution to the ontological content of the world, and (2) construing tropes as having primitive identity. (...)
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  15.  29
    The Importance of Metaphysical Realism for Ethical Knowledge.Douglas B. Rasmussen - 2008 - Social Philosophy and Policy 25 (1):56-99.
    In this essay, I consider whether the alleged demise of metaphysical realism does actually provide a better way for defending the cognitive status of ethical judgments. I argue that the rejection of a realist ontology and epistemology does not help to establish the claim that ethical knowledge is possible. More specifically, I argue that Hilary Putnam's argument does not succeed in making a case for ethical knowledge. In fact, his account of the procedures by which our valuations are warranted—the criteria (...)
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  16.  83
    Arguing from Definition to Verbal Classification: The Case of Redefining 'Planet' to Exclude Pluto.Douglas Walton - 2008 - Informal Logic 28 (2):129-154.
    The recent redefinition of 'planet' that excludes Pluto as a planet led to controversy that provides a case study of how competing scientific definitions can be supported by characteristic types of evidence. An argumentation scheme from Hastings is used to analyze argument from verbal classification as a form of inference used in rational argumentation. The Toulmin-style format is compared to more recently developed ways of modeling such cases that stem from advances in argumentation technology in artificial intelligence. Using these tools, (...)
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  17. Classification and Ambiguity: the Role of Definition in a Conceptual System.Douglas Walton & Fabrizio Macagno - 2009 - Studies in Logic, Grammar and Rhetoric 16 (29).
    With the advent of the semantic web, the problem of ambiguity is becoming more and more urging. Semantic analysis is necessary for explaining and resolving some sorts of ambiguity by inquiring into the relation between possibilities of predication and definition of a concept in order to solve problems such as interpretation and ambiguity. If computing is now approaching such problems of linguistic analysis, what is worth inquiring into is how the development of linguistic studies can be useful for developing the (...)
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  18. Acquiring emptiness: Interpreting nāgārjuna's mmk 24:18.Douglas L. Berger - 2010 - Philosophy East and West 60 (1):pp. 40-64.
    A pivotal focus of exegesis of Nāgārjuna's Mūlamadhyamakakārïkā (MMK) for the past half century has been the attempt to decipher the text's philosophy of language, and determine how this best aids us in characterizing Madhyamaka thought as a whole. In this vein, MMK 24:18 has been judged of particular weight insofar as it purportedly insists that the concepts pratītyasamutpāda (conditioned co-arising) and śūnyatā (emptiness), both indispensable to Buddhist praxis, are themselves only "nominal" or "conventional," that is, they are merely labels (...)
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  19.  45
    The metaphysical issues in the social sciences and how social scientists debate them.Douglas V. Porpora - 2022 - Synthese 200 (6):1-20.
    Most philosophical work on social ontology continues to be done without much connection to social scientific concerns. This special issue, however, calls for attention to a naturalized metaphysics, one based on the best science we have. It follows that a naturalized social metaphysics should begin with the best social science available. In contrast with the physical sciences, however, the best social science is not so clear. Thus, this paper acquaints professional philosophers with some of the prominent metaphysical views extant in (...)
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  20. Why Machines Can Neither Think nor Feel.Douglas C. Long - 1994 - In Dale W. Jamieson (ed.), Language, Mind and Art. Kluwer Academic Publishers.
    Over three decades ago, in a brief but provocative essay, Paul Ziff argued for the thesis that robots cannot have feelings because they are "mechanisms, not organisms, not living creatures. There could be a broken-down robot but not a dead one. Only living creatures can literally have feelings."[i] Since machines are not living things they cannot have feelings. In the first half of my paper I review Ziff's arguments against the idea that robots could be conscious, especially his appeal to (...)
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  21.  44
    Popper and Eccles' Psychophysical Interaction Theses Examined.Rodney J. Douglas & Bernard P. Keaney - 1985 - Grazer Philosophische Studien 23 (1):129-153.
    Popper and Eccles present two different notions of Interactionism. Popper's arguments arise out of the traditional philosophical debate, whereas Eccles' arguments arise out of a mixture of neurophysiology and personal belief. Popper's three-world ontology is the philosophical foundation of both their positions. However, it is precisely against the background of the three Worlds that the considerable differences between their positions are apparent. Despite these defects, Interactionism is a productive notion since it does not place the Self beyond experimental investigation. Indeed, (...)
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  22.  7
    Popper and Eccles' Psychophysical Interaction Theses Examined.Rodney J. Douglas & Bernard P. Keaney - 1985 - Grazer Philosophische Studien 23 (1):129-153.
    Popper and Eccles present two different notions of Interactionism. Popper's arguments arise out of the traditional philosophical debate, whereas Eccles' arguments arise out of a mixture of neurophysiology and personal belief. Popper's three-world ontology is the philosophical foundation of both their positions. However, it is precisely against the background of the three Worlds that the considerable differences between their positions are apparent. Despite these defects, Interactionism is a productive notion since it does not place the Self beyond experimental investigation. Indeed, (...)
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  23.  27
    The Moral Permissibility of Perspective-Taking Interventions.Hannah Read & Thomas Douglas - forthcoming - Ethical Theory and Moral Practice:1-16.
    Interventions designed to promote perspective taking are increasingly prevalent in educational settings, and are also being considered for applications in other domains. Thus far, these perspective-taking interventions (PTIs) have largely escaped philosophical attention, however they are sometimes prima facie morally problematic in at least two respects: they are neither transparent nor easy to resist. Nontransparent or hard-to-resist PTIs call for a moral defense and our primary aim in this paper is to provide such a defense. We offer two arguments for (...)
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  24. Causation and recipes.Douglas Gasking - 1955 - Mind 64 (256):479-487.
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  25.  92
    Clusters.Douglas Gasking - 1960 - Australasian Journal of Philosophy 38 (1):1 – 36.
  26. Kausalität und Handlungsanweisungen.Douglas Gasking - 1981 - In Günter Posch (ed.), Kausalität: Neue Texte. Stuttgart: Reclam. pp. 289--303.
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  27. What are Tropes, Fundamentally? A Formal Ontological Account.Jani Hakkarainen - 2018 - Acta Philosophica Fennica 94:129-159.
    In this paper, I elaborate on the Strong Nuclear Theory (SNT) of tropes and substances, which I have defended elsewhere, using my metatheory about formal ontology and especially fundamental ontological form. According to my metatheory, for an entity to have an ontological form is for it to be a relatum of a formal ontological relation or relations jointly in an order. The full fundamental ontological form is generically identical to a simple formal ontological relation or (...)
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  28. Argument's value1.Ontological Arguments & G. O. D. In - 1998 - In William J. Wainwright (ed.), Philosophy of Religion. Routledge. pp. 2--54.
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  29. A Prolegomenon to Future Exploration of the Ontological Argument.Robert A. Oakes - 1977 - Pacific Philosophical Quarterly 58 (4):344.
     
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  30.  37
    Great God in Boots!—the Ontological Argument is Sound!Carl Spadoni - 2003 - Russell: The Journal of Bertrand Russell Studies 23:37.
  31.  14
    Great God in Boots!—the Ontological Argument is Sound!Carl Spadoni - 1976 - Russell: The Journal of Bertrand Russell Studies:37.
  32.  23
    The argument from evil: Reply to professor Richman: Douglas Langston.Douglas Langston - 1980 - Religious Studies 16 (1):103-113.
    The problem of evil has traditionally been formulated as a claim about the incompatibility of the statements ‘God exists’ and ‘There occur instances of suffering’. Hume, for example, in his Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion , part x, claims that the statements ‘God exists’ and ‘There occur instances of suffering’ are incompatible. In his esssy ‘Hume on Evil’, Nelson Pike argues that it has not been shown that the statements ‘God exists’ and ‘There occur instances of suffering’ are incompatible because it (...)
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  33.  63
    On a not quite yet “victorious” modal version of the ontological argument for the existence of God.John C. Wingard - 1993 - International Journal for Philosophy of Religion 33 (1):47-57.
  34.  30
    The Function of Faith in the Ontological Argument.Henry G. Wolz - 1951 - Proceedings of the American Catholic Philosophical Association 25:151-163.
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  35.  32
    A new form of the ontological argument.J. C. Yates - 1986 - Sophia 25 (3):41-43.
  36. The Many-Faced Argument. Recent Studies on the Ontological Argument for the Existence of God.John Hick & Arthur C. Mcgill - 1969 - Religious Studies 5 (1):123-125.
  37. Problem : The Function of Faith in the Ontological Argument.Henry G. Wolz - 1951 - Proceedings and Addresses of the American Philosophical Association 25:151.
     
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  38.  48
    Kant’s Discussion of the Ontological Argument.Nicholas Everitt - 1995 - Kant Studien 86 (4):385-405.
  39.  77
    The Principle of Sufficient Reason, the Ontological Argument and the Is/Ought Distinction.Omri Boehm - 2016 - European Journal of Philosophy 24 (3):556-579.
    Kant's attack on metaphysics consists in large part in his attack on a principle that he names the Supreme Principle of Pure Reason. This principle, it is not often noticed, is the Principle of Sufficient Reason [PSR]. In interpreting this principle as such, I argue that Kant's attack on the PSR depends on Kant's claim that existence is not a first-order predicate. If existence isn't what Kant calls a real predicate, the PSR is false. While this constitutes a powerful Kantian (...)
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  40.  71
    Argumentation Schemes.Douglas Walton, Christopher Reed & Fabrizio Macagno - 2008 - Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press. Edited by Chris Reed & Fabrizio Macagno.
    This book provides a systematic analysis of many common argumentation schemes and a compendium of 96 schemes. The study of these schemes, or forms of argument that capture stereotypical patterns of human reasoning, is at the core of argumentation research. Surveying all aspects of argumentation schemes from the ground up, the book takes the reader from the elementary exposition in the first chapter to the latest state of the art in the research efforts to formalize and classify the schemes, outlined (...)
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  41.  6
    Understanding and criticism of the ontological argument in Antun Bauer.Nikola Stanković - 1999 - Disputatio Philosophica 1 (1):166-177.
  42.  52
    A Note on Hintikka’s Refutation of the Ontological Argument.William F. Vallicella - 1989 - Faith and Philosophy 6 (2):215-217.
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  43.  33
    From Perfection To Power: Developments in Descartes’ Version of the Ontological Argument.Michael Vendsel - 2015 - Southwest Philosophy Review 31 (1):235-240.
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  44. The relevance of Kant's objection to Anselm's ontological argument.Chris Heathwood - 2011 - Religious Studies 47 (3):345-357.
    The most famous objection to the ontological argument is given in Kant's dictum that existence is not a real predicate. But it is not obvious how this slogan is supposed to relate to the ontological argument. Some, most notably Alvin Plantinga, have even judged Kant's dictum to be totally irrelevant to Anselm's version of the ontological argument. In this paper I argue, against Plantinga and others, that Kant's claim is indeed relevant to Anselm's argument, in the straightforward (...)
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  45. A flow-chart approach to the Ontological Argument.Mark Zelcer - 2003 - APA Newsletter on Teaching Philosophy 2 (2):232-233.
     
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  46. Some Remarks on the Modal Ontological Argument.Peter van Inwagen - 2009 - Philo 12 (2):217-227.
    This paper examines the so-called modal ontological argument. It pays special attention to the role that the symmetry and transitivity of the accessibility relation play in the argument, and examines various approaches to a defense of the “possibility premise,” the premise of the argument that states that the existence of a perfect being is metaphysically possible. It contains an analysis of Gödel’s attempt to show that this premise is true, and of a recent formulation by David Johnson of Gödel’s (...)
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  47. Argumentation schemes for presumptive reasoning.Douglas N. Walton - 1996 - Mahwah, N.J.: L. Erlbaum Associates.
    This book identifies 25 argumentation schemes for presumptive reasoning and matches a set of critical questions to each.
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  48.  35
    God, guilt, and logic: The psychological basis of the ontological argument.Lewis S. Feuer - 1968 - Inquiry: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Philosophy 11 (1-4):257 – 281.
    The most eminent exponents of the ontological argument for the existence of God have been characterized as well by a common emotional ingredient — a concern with individual guilt. Anselm, Josiah Royce, Karl Barth, and Norman Malcolm in their respective ways have made the experience of guilt a central one in their metaphysical standpoints. The hypothesis is therefore advanced that the validity which such thinkers have found in the ontological argument is the expression of a frame of mind (...)
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  49. Kant's Derivation of the Formula of Universal Law as an Ontological Argument.M. E. Levin - 1974 - Société Française de Philosophie, Bulletin 65 (1):50.
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  50.  34
    Kant’s Derivation of the Formula of Universal Law as an Ontological Argument.Michael E. Levin - 1974 - Kant Studien 65 (1-4):50-66.
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