Results for 'Policy development'

998 found
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  1.  16
    Policy-Development and Deference to Moral Experts.Jakob Elster - 2024 - Res Publica 30 (1):11-29.
    The involvement of ethicists, philosophers or others who might qualify as ‘moral experts’ in policy-development, where they are sometimes, typically as members of a committee, given an advisory role, is often seen as problematic, for several reasons. First, there may be doubts as to the very existence of moral experts, and it may be hard to know who the moral experts are. Next, even if these problems are solved, giving experts a special role in policy-making might be (...)
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  2.  5
    Challenges of coverage policy development for next-generation tumor sequencing panels: Experts and payers weigh in.Julia R. Trosman, Christine B. Weldon, R. Kate Kelley & Kathryn A. Phillips - unknown
    © JNCCN-Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network.Background: Next-generation tumor sequencing panels, which include multiple established and novel targets across cancers, are emerging in oncology practice, but lack formal positive coverage by US payers. Lack of coverage may impact access and adoption. This study identified challenges of NGTS coverage by private payers.Methods: We conducted semi-structured interviews with 14 NGTS experts on potential NGTS benefits, and with 10 major payers, representing more than 125,000,000 enrollees, on NGTS coverage considerations. We used the (...)
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  3.  39
    Philosophical integrity and policy development in bioethics.Martin Benjamin - 1990 - Journal of Medicine and Philosophy 15 (4):375-389.
    Critically examining what most people take for granted is central to philosophical inquiry. Philosophers who accept positions on policy making commissions, tasks forces, or committees cannot, however, play the same uncompromisingly critical role in this capacity as they do in the classroom or in their personal research or writing. Still, philosophers have much to contribute to such bodies, and they can do so without compromising their integrity or betraying themselves as philosophers. Keywords: compromise, critical reflection, embryo research, integrity, organ (...)
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  4.  34
    Balancing Legitimate Critical-Care Interests: Setting Defensible Care Limits Through Policy Development.Jeffrey Kirby - 2016 - American Journal of Bioethics 16 (1):38-47.
    Critical-care decision making is highly complex, given the need for health care providers and organizations to consider, and constructively respond to, the diverse interests and perspectives of a variety of legitimate stakeholders. Insights derived from an identified set of ethics-related considerations have the potential to meaningfully inform inclusive and deliberative policy development that aims to optimally balance the competing obligations that arise in this challenging, clinical decision-making domain. A potential, constructive outcome of such policy engagement is the (...)
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  5.  33
    Understanding the direct involvement of parents in policy development and school activities in a primary school.Bernie Tobin - 2017 - International Journal for Transformative Research 4 (1):25-33.
    It is acknowledged that parental engagement with children’s learning and education is of vital importance. But, there is a tendency to confuse engagement with learning with engagement with the school. While all types of parents’ involvement can have a positive effect, it is actually what parents do with their child at home that has the greatest impact. However, unless parental involvement in learning is embedded in whole-school processes it is unlikely to as effective as possible. This paper documents an action (...)
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  6.  42
    The Limits to Setting Limits on Critical-Care Delivery: Response to Open Peer Commentaries on “Balancing Legitimate Critical-Care Interests: Setting Defensible Care Limits Through Policy Development”.Jeffrey Kirby - 2016 - American Journal of Bioethics 16 (1):5-8.
    Critical-care decision making is highly complex, given the need for health care providers and organizations to consider, and constructively respond to, the diverse interests and perspectives of a variety of legitimate stakeholders. Insights derived from an identified set of ethics-related considerations have the potential to meaningfully inform inclusive and deliberative policy development that aims to optimally balance the competing obligations that arise in this challenging, clinical decision-making domain. A potential, constructive outcome of such policy engagement is the (...)
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  7.  33
    Multilevel Modeling and Policy Development: Guidelines and Applications to Medical Travel.Eduardo Garcia-Garzon, Peter Zhukovsky, Elisa Haller, Sara Plakolm, David Fink, Dafina Petrova, Vaishali Mahalingam, Igor G. Menezes & Kai Ruggeri - 2016 - Frontiers in Psychology 7.
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  8.  17
    Mapping historical trends of sustainable rural education policy development in China.Xingcheng Li, Jian Li & Eryong Xue - 2023 - Educational Philosophy and Theory 55 (2):217-226.
    This study examines the key historical stages of the sustainable rural education policy development, including the stage of Rural Education Restoration and Adjustment Period (1979–1985); the stage of Comprehensive Reform Period of Rural Education (1985–2003); the stage of Rural Education Coordinated Development Period (2003–2018); and the stage of Rural Education Revitalization and Development Period (2018 to present). Along with the analysis, the policy characteristics of sustainable development of rural education policy in China concentrates (...)
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  9.  23
    Nursing ethics committees and policy development.Sharon E. Igoe & Susan A. Goncalves - 1997 - HEC Forum 9 (1):20-26.
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  10.  8
    Using ecological footprint analysis in higher education: Campus operations, policy development and educational purposes.Wim Lambrechts & Luc Van Liedekerke - 2014 - Ecological Indicators 45:402-406.
    Ecological footprint analysis has been used worldwide in a variety of organizations educational institutions) and at different levels organizations, cities, regions, countries). Universities also calculated their ecological footprints, for various reasons: e.g. to answer the societal appeal to integrate sustainability into their core business, to perform a sustainability assessment of their operations, to use as an educational tool with students, to use for policy development. In general, performing an ecological footprint analysis is a way for higher education to (...)
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  11.  17
    Artificial intelligence in healthcare: Proposals for policy development in South Africa.S. Naidoo, D. Bottomley, M. Naidoo, D. Donnelly & D. W. Thaldar - forthcoming - South African Journal of Bioethics and Law:11-16.
    Despite the tremendous promise offered by artificial intelligence (AI) for healthcare in South Africa, existing policy frameworks are inadequate for encouraging innovation in this field. Practical, concrete and solution-driven policy recommendations are needed to encourage the creation and use of AI systems. This article considers five distinct problematic issues which call for policy development: (i) outdated legislation; (ii) data and algorithmic bias; (iii) the impact on the healthcare workforce; (iv) the imposition of liability dilemma; and (v) (...)
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  12.  25
    Participatory Workshops are Not Enough to Prevent Policy Implementation Failures: An Example of a Policy Development Process Concerning the Drug Interferon-beta for Multiple Sclerosis. [REVIEW]Margriet Moret-Hartman, Rob Reuzel, John Grin & Gert Jan van der Wilt - 2008 - Health Care Analysis 16 (2):161-175.
    A possible explanation for policy implementation failure is that the views of the policy’s target groups are insufficiently taken into account during policy development. It has been argued that involving these groups in an interactive process of policy development could improve this. We analysed a project in which several target populations participated in workshops aimed to optimise the utilisation of an expensive novel drug (interferon beta) for patients with Multiple Sclerosis. All participants seemed to (...)
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  13.  8
    Ethically Informed Pragmatic Conditions for Organ Donation after Cardiocirculatory Death: Could They Assist in Policy Development?Jeffrey Kirby - 2013 - Journal of Clinical Ethics 24 (4):373-380.
    The modern practice of organ donation after cardiocirculatory death (DCD) emerged in the 1990s as a response to the alarmingly wide gap between the number of transplantable organs available through organ donation after neurological death and the urgent organ transplantation needs of persons in end-organ failure. Various important ethical dimensions of DCD have been considered and debated by prominent organ donation/transplantation theorists and clinicians.In this article, consideration of some of these ethical elements provides a foundation for a proposed set of (...)
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  14.  21
    The ethics and politics in educational policy development and practice.Joseph Jinja Divala - 2014 - Ethics and Education 9 (1):97-101.
    Policy borrowing and policy travelling are words that are often used to mean the same process to different policy practitioners across the globe. Nevertheless, these ideas are also riddled with both ethical as well as political undertones, such that interchanging them becomes problematic. In reflecting on and responding to some of these debates, this paper begins to raise questions on the grounds upon which such policy moves may be ethically and politically suspect. The paper further notes (...)
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  15.  23
    Scholarship, Research and the Evidential Basis of Policy Development in Education.Walter Humes & Tom Bryce - 2001 - British Journal of Educational Studies 49 (3):329 - 352.
    The starting point for this paper is the ongoing debate about the relation between research and policy in education. Recent developments in England and Scotland are reviewed in the context of political and academic arguments about the nature and function of research activity. The defensiveness of the research community in the face of professional and political attacks is examined critically. A case study of the Higher Still programme is used to illustrate the complexity of the relationships between evidence, ideology, (...)
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  16.  18
    Visitor restrictions in hospitals during infectious disease outbreaks: An ethical approach to policy development and requests for exemptions.Rosalind McDougall, Chanelle Warton, Christopher Chew, Clare Delany, Danielle Ko & John Massie - 2023 - Bioethics 37 (7):715-724.
    In this paper, we explore the ethics of restricting visitation to hospitals during an infectious disease outbreak. We aim to answer three questions: What are the features of an ethically justified hospital visitor restriction policy? Should policies include scope for case‐by‐case exemptions? How should decisions about exemptions be made? Based on a critical interpretive review of the existing ethical literature on visitor restrictions, we argue that an ethically justified hospital visitor restriction policy has the following features: proportionality, comprehensiveness, (...)
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  17.  87
    Who's Afraid of Dissent? Addressing Concerns about Undermining Scientific Consensus in Public Policy Developments.Inmaculada de Melo-Martín & Kristen Intemann - 2014 - Perspectives on Science 22 (4):593-615.
    Many have argued that allowing and encouraging public avenues for dissent and critical evaluation of scientific research is a necessary condition for promoting the objectivity of scientific communities and advancing scientific knowledge . The history of science reveals many cases where an existing scientific consensus was later shown to be wrong . Dissent plays a crucial role in uncovering potential problems and limitations of consensus views. Thus, many have argued that scientific communities ought to increase opportunities for dissenting views to (...)
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  18.  42
    An innovative, inclusive process for meso-level health policy development.Jeff Kirby & Christy Simpson - 2007 - HEC Forum 19 (2):161-176.
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  19.  21
    Extending Trauma-Informed Principles to Hospital System Policy Development.Lori Bruce & Jennifer L. Herbst - 2022 - American Journal of Bioethics 22 (5):65-68.
    We read with interest Lanphier and Anani’s manuscript on trauma-informed ethics consultation. Their model rightly integrates trauma-informed principles within the ethics c...
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  20.  16
    Ecological Paradigm within the Context of the International Policy-Development Study.Slobodan Nešković & Žaklina Jovanović - 2016 - Balkan Journal of Philosophy 8 (1):71-78.
    The protection and improvement of the environment represents the most essential field of engagement among all the issues of international policy. An ecological paradigm in the traditional and postmodern context refers to a strategic approach to solving the outstanding controversies of human society in different stages of its existence. Globalization of the environment is the oldest example of this process, which in the contemporary world has gained a special significance. Negative trends in addressing ecological problems at all levels of (...)
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  21.  11
    Is Valuing Nature Contributing to Policy Development?J. Burney - 2000 - Environmental Values 9 (4):511-520.
    This paper examines technical, ethical and ecological science perspectives on environmental valuation, and discusses problems in terms of the implications for practical policy -making. It suggests that all these perspectives raise legitimate concerns about the use of stated preference methods, but concludes that such methods still have a role to play in policy making for nature conservation provided they are applied in the right circumstances, designed very carefully, and used in conjunction with other decision-making tools.
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  22.  24
    The person in health care policy development.Janet Wallcraft - 2011 - Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice 17 (2):347-349.
  23.  34
    Developing a federal policy on research misconduct.Sybil Francis - 1999 - Science and Engineering Ethics 5 (2):261-272.
    Since April 1996, the National Science and Technology Council (NSTC), in collaboration with the Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) in the Executive Office of the President, has been leading the development of a government-wide Federal policy for research misconduct. The author is a Senior Policy Analyst in the Office of Science and Technology Policy and a participant in this process. This paper places the NSTC/OSTP effort in historical context, outlines the process by which (...)
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  24. Women and Human Development: The Capabilities Approach.Martha C. Nussbaum - 2000 - Cambridge University Press.
    In this major book Martha Nussbaum, one of the most innovative and influential philosophical voices of our time, proposes a kind of feminism that is genuinely international, argues for an ethical underpinning to all thought about development planning and public policy, and dramatically moves beyond the abstractions of economists and philosophers to embed thought about justice in the concrete reality of the struggles of poor women. Nussbaum argues that international political and economic thought must be sensitive to gender (...)
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  25. What is feminist foreign policy? Interrogating a developing idea across five national contexts.Jennifer Thomson - 2024 - In Hannah Partis-Jennings & Clara Eroukhmanoff (eds.), Feminist policymaking in turbulent times: critical perspectives. New York, NY: Routledge.
     
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  26.  20
    Uncovering the Real Work Behind Policy Development.Kevin M. Dirksen & Katherine Brown-Saltzman - 2012 - American Journal of Bioethics 12 (11):20-22.
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  27. Current regulations, comparison of recent guidance, and considerations for policy development.David Perlman - 2010 - In Thomas H. Murray & Josephine Johnston (eds.), Trust and integrity in biomedical research: the case of financial conflicts of interest. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
     
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  28.  16
    Complexity theory and implications for policy development.Jean Boulton - 2010 - Emergence: Complexity and Organization 12 (2):31-40.
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  29.  29
    Linking actors and models for water policy development in Egypt: Analyzing actors and their options.Leon Hermans, Nader El-Masry & Tarek M. Sadek - 2002 - Knowledge, Technology & Policy 14 (4):57-74.
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  30. Toward renewal of science education: A case study of curriculum policy development.E. Paul Hart - 1989 - Science Education 73 (5):607-634.
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  31. Participative water management: social and ecological aspects: Linking actors and models for water policy development in Egypt: Analyzing actors and their options.Leon M. Hermans, N. El-Masry & T. M. Sadek - 2002 - Knowledge, Technology & Policy 14 (4):57-74.
     
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  32.  19
    The COVID‐19 pandemic and what bioethics can and should contribute to health policy development.Udo Schuklenk & Julian Savulescu - 2021 - Bioethics 35 (3):227-228.
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  33. Can Citizen Science Seriously Contribute to Policy Development? : A Decision Maker's View.Colin Chapman & Crona Judith Hodges - 2017 - In Luigi Ceccaroni (ed.), Analyzing the role of citizen science in modern research. Hershey PA: Information Science Reference.
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  34. The Policy of Functional Integration of the Product Planning Team as a Strategy for the Development of the Pharmaceutical Industry in Palestine.Samer M. Arqawi, Amal A. Al Hila, Samy S. Abu-Naser & Mazen J. Al Shobaki - 2019 - International Journal of Academic Accounting, Finance and Management Research (IJAAFMR) 3 (1):61-69.
    This study presented the policy of functional integration of the product planning team as a strategy for the development of the pharmaceutical industry in Palestine. The study population consists of all the workers in companies operating in the field of medicine in Palestine, which are (5) companies producing in the West Bank only for pharmaceuticals used by these companies, which are (296) employees, and was used a simple random sample to choose the sample and size (87) employees of (...)
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  35.  6
    Reconstructing Communities in the Context of Large Refugee Populations: Impact assessment, policy development and research needs.Jane Travis & Steve Hucklesby - 2002 - Transformation: An International Journal of Holistic Mission Studies 19 (2):97-107.
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  36.  12
    Biomedical Ethical Issues: A Digest of Law and Policy Development.Shelagh Gaskill - 1984 - Journal of Medical Ethics 10 (3):163-163.
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  37.  53
    Development of the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Policy for the Care of Terminally Ill Patients Who May Become Organ Donors after Death Following the Removal of Life Support.Michael A. DeVita & James V. Snyder - 1993 - Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal 3 (2):131-143.
    In the mid 1980s it was apparent that the need for organ donors exceeded those willing to donate. Some University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) physicians initiated discussion of possible new organ donor categories including individuals pronounced dead by traditional cardiac criteria. However, they reached no conclusion and dropped the discussion. In the late 1980s and the early 1990s, four cases arose in which dying patients or their families requested organ donation following the elective removal of mechanical ventilation. Controversy surrounding (...)
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  38.  25
    Abortion policies at the bedside: incorporating an ethical framework in the analysis and development of abortion legislation.Alicia E. Hersey, Jai-Me Potter-Rutledge & Benjamin P. Brown - 2024 - Journal of Medical Ethics 50 (1):2-5.
    About 6% of women in the world live in countries that ban all abortions, and 34% in countries that only allow abortion to preserve maternal life or health. In the USA, over the last decades—even before Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization overturned the federal right to abortion—various states have sought to restrict abortion access. Often times, this legislation has been advanced based on legislators’ personal moral values. At the bedside, in contrast, provision of abortion care should adhere to the (...)
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  39.  22
    Development Plan of Social Science Philosophy and the Policy of Let a Hundred Flowers Bloom and a Hundred Schools Contend.Zhou Yang - 1980 - Contemporary Chinese Thought 11 (3):58-83.
    In agreement with Comrade Hu Qiaomu's talk on the problem of social science philosophy planning, let me also offer a few suggestions. I shall speak on the topic, "Development Plan of Social Science Philosophy and the Policy of Let a Hundred Flowers Bloom and a Hundred Schools Contend.".
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  40.  38
    Sustainable development goals and nationally determined contributions: the poor fit between agent-dependent and agent-independent policy instruments.Kenneth Shockley - 2018 - Journal of Global Ethics 14 (3):369-386.
    Sustainable Development Goals, which serve as the primary feature of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, and Nationally Determined Contributions, which serve as a vital instrumental of the UNFCCC’s Paris Agreement, have clear synergies. Both are focused, in part, on responding to challenges presented to human well-being. There are good practical reasons to integrate development efforts with a comprehensive response to climate change. However, at least in their current form, these two policy instruments are ill-suited to (...)
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  41.  7
    Developing an ethical evaluation framework for coercive antimicrobial stewardship policies.Tess Johnson - forthcoming - Public Health Ethics:phae005.
    Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has been declared one of the top ten global public health threats facing humanity. To address AMR, coercive antimicrobial stewardship policies are being enacted in some settings. These policies, like all in public health, require ethical justification. Here, I introduce a framework for ethically evaluating coercive antimicrobial stewardship policies on the basis of ethical justifications (and their limitations). I consider arguments from effectiveness; duty of easy rescue; tragedy of the commons; responsibility-tracking; the harm principle; paternalism; justice and (...)
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  42. The Chinese approach to artificial intelligence: an analysis of policy, ethics, and regulation.Huw Roberts, Josh Cowls, Jessica Morley, Mariarosaria Taddeo, Vincent Wang & Luciano Floridi - 2021 - AI and Society 36 (1):59–⁠77.
    In July 2017, China’s State Council released the country’s strategy for developing artificial intelligence, entitled ‘New Generation Artificial Intelligence Development Plan’. This strategy outlined China’s aims to become the world leader in AI by 2030, to monetise AI into a trillion-yuan industry, and to emerge as the driving force in defining ethical norms and standards for AI. Several reports have analysed specific aspects of China’s AI policies or have assessed the country’s technical capabilities. Instead, in this article, we focus (...)
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  43.  33
    The development policy for the audit and inspection system of the national research institute utilising the analytic hierarchy process.Donghun Yoon - 2018 - International Journal of Business Governance and Ethics 13 (2):121.
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  44.  8
    Sustainability Policy and the Stage of Divine Play: Hindu Philosophy at the Nexus of Animal Welfare, Environment, and Sustainable Development.Wolf Gordon Clifton - 2023 - Journal of Animal Ethics 13 (2):169-183.
    International policy frameworks can influence values and ideals by promoting a common conception of societal good, a domain overlapping with the traditional concerns of religion. Animal welfare has begun to receive attention in the UN environmental and sustainable development policy. This article explores the potential for Hindu religious communities and organizations to contribute to the creation and implementation of policy on animal welfare and the environment. The article centers on a discussion of the UN Environment Assembly's (...)
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  45.  11
    Pushing the Radical Nature Development Policy Concept in the Netherlands: An Agency Perspective.Simon Verduijn, Huub Ploegmakers, Sander Meijerink & Pieter Leroy - 2015 - Environmental Values 24 (1):55-77.
    In the 1990s, Dutch nature policy adopted a new policy concept, ‘nature development’, whereas, until then, ‘nature preservation’ had largely dominated both the discourses and practices of nature policy-making. Nature development can be regarded as the Dutch counterpart of concepts such as ecological restoration, emerging simultaneously in other national nature policies. This paper argues that the rise of the nature development concept in the Netherlands is mainly due to the entrepreneurial strategies of a relatively (...)
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  46.  39
    Expert responsibility in AI development.Maria Hedlund & Erik Persson - 2022 - AI and Society:1-12.
    The purpose of this paper is to discuss the responsibility of AI experts for guiding the development of AI in a desirable direction. More specifically, the aim is to answer the following research question: To what extent are AI experts responsible in a forward-looking way for effects of AI technology that go beyond the immediate concerns of the programmer or designer? AI experts, in this paper conceptualised as experts regarding the technological aspects of AI, have knowledge and control of (...)
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  47.  24
    Policy Decisions on Shale Gas Development ('Fracking'): The Insufficiency of Science and Necessity of Moral Thought.Darrick Trent Evensen - 2015 - Environmental Values 24 (4):511-534.
    A constant refrain in both public discourse and academic research on shale gas development has been the necessity for 'sound science' to govern policy decisions. Rare, however, is the recommendation that effective policy on this topic also include 'sound moral thought'. I argue that: (1) philosophy (particularly moral thought and ethical reasoning) and science must work in tandem for making good policy decisions related to shale gas development, and (2) this realisation is essential for (...)-makers, journalists, researchers, educators and the public. By examining the range of normative claims offered within academic and public discourse, the variation in claims across contexts and the degree to which the normative arguments are well-supported, I illustrate the important role increased attention to moral thought could play in forwarding policy construction on shale gas development. Finally, I offer recommendations for how policy-makers, journalists, researchers and educators can more actively acknowledge the importance of both science and moral thought in policy-making related to shale gas development. (shrink)
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  48.  66
    Policy-led virtue cultivation : can we nudge citizens towards developing virtues?Fay Niker - 2018 - In Tom Harrison & David Walker (eds.), The Theory and Practice of Virtue Education. New York: Routledge. pp. 153-167.
    This chapter examines what role new behaviour-modification policies – commonly known as “nudges” – might play in cultivating virtues. At first sight, they would appear to be ruled out as a candidate means; but, by offering a more nuanced analysis, the chapter argues that some nudges have virtue-cultivating properties. It distinguishes between two kinds of nudges – 'automatic-behavioural' and 'discernment-developing' – and shows that what divides them is the ability of the latter, which the former lacks, to play an ecological-educative (...)
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  49.  50
    Ranking policy options for sustainable development.Georg Brun & Gertrude Hirsch Hadorn - 2008 - Poiesis and Praxis 5 (1):15-31.
    Sustainable development calls for choices among alternative policy options. It is a common view that such choices can be justified by appealing to an evaluative ranking of the options with respect to how their consequences affect a broad range of prudential and moral values. Three philosophically motivated proposals for analysing evaluative rankings are discussed: the measured merits model (e.g. Chang), the ordered values model (e.g. Griffin), and the permissible preference orderings model (Rabinowicz). The analysis focuses on the models’ (...)
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  50.  4
    Trade Policy in Developing Countries.Edward F. Buffie - 2001 - Cambridge University Press.
    Trade Policy in Developing Countries is aimed at academics, graduate students and professional, policy-oriented economists. It is the first work in the field to analyze trade policy in an integrated theoretical framework based on optimizing dynamic models that pay careful attention to the structural features of developing country economies. Following a thorough critique of the debate on inward- vs. outward-oriented trade regimes, Buffie examines the main issues of concern to less developed countries in the areas of optimal (...)
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