Les dictionnaires d’associations évoquées par les mots sont créés à partir de la collecte des réactions données à un stimulus lexical. La plupart de ces réactions s’explique par des relations logiques basées sur le sens du stimulus proposé. Cependant une certaine quantité de ces réactions est provoquée par la forme de ce lexème, et procède du désir du participant à l’expérience de jouer avec les mots. Nous analyserons ici cette catégorie de réactions pour en proposer une typologie : (...) le jeu peut consister en un simple écho du stimulus, soit c’est l’association des deux qui est ludique. Nous analysons les cas douteux, qui peuvent être dus à une lecture erronée du stimulus ou une orthographe douteuse de la réaction, et discuterons du bien-fondé de la prise en compte des jeux de mots dans le dictionnaire d’associations, dont le principe est d’être formé de réactions spontanées au stimulus, tandis qu’un jeu de mot suppose une réflexion, si courte soit-elle. (shrink)

Si Augustin reprend à Platon le vocabulaire des « grands genres », force est de constater qu’il en réorganise complètement la grammaire. Cette réorganisation est due à l’influence prépondérante de l’Écriture et, principalement, de la révélation du mystère trinitaire. De ce fait, la métaphysique mise en place par Augustin s’éloigne considérablement de la pensée néo-platonicienne. Que le Verbe soit Deus apud Deum remet en question l’ordre hiérarchique des hypostases tel que Plotin le conçoit. Plus qu’une préexistence qui doit se déployer (...) dans le multiple, à la manière de Porphyre, cette présence du Verbe dans le premier Principe reçoit toute sa dignité à travers l’Incarnation. La Parole est vraiment constitutive de l’Un, au point qu’il ne se retire pas dans la solitude mais entre en communication avec ce qui vient après lui, c’est-à-dire avec l’homme qu’il veut associer à son éternité. (shrink)

1. Pourquoi un volume sur les travaux de Gilles Fauconnier? La disparition de Gilles Fauconnier il y a deux ans a révélé un paradoxe scientifique et académique surprenant : alors que Fauconnier est aujourd’hui une référence internationale incontournable dans le domaine de la linguistique cognitive et plus largement des sciences de la cognition, ses travaux ont été peu publiés et mal diffusés en France, ce qui fait de lui un auteur relativement méconnu. Le développement de la linguistique cognitive au niveau (...) international doit effectivement beaucoup aux travaux de G. Fauconnier, mais la réception en France de la Théorie des Espaces Mentaux et du _Blending_ reste malgré tout trop modeste. En dehors des activités de l’Association Française de Linguistique Cognitive, qui avait invité G. Fauconnier lors du colloque de 2009 à Paris Nanterre, ce sont paradoxalement les conférences de Mark Turner au Collège de France en 2000 qui semblent avoir fait davantage connaitre leurs théories. La popu... (shrink)

Le renouvellement de la pensée critique requiert l’examen préalable des significations variées et parfois contradictoires qui ont été attribuées aux mots « socialisme » et « communisme ». Il serait en effet trop facile de congédier sans discussion l’un et l’autre de ces termes sous prétexte des faillites historiques du stalinisme et de la social-démocratie. De ces dernières,..

Summary Principles Timely support for patients and people close to them, and effective, sensitive communication are essential. Decisions must be based on the individual patient's circumstances and reviewed regularly. Sensitive advance discussion should always be encouraged, but not forced. Information about CPR and the chances of a successful outcome needs to be realistic. Practical matters Information about CPR policies should be displayed for patients and staff. Leaflets should be available for patients and people close to them explaining about CPR, how (...) decisions are made and their involvement in decisions. Decisions about attempting CPR must be communicated effectively to relevant health professionals. In emergencies If no advance decision has been made or is known, CPR should be attempted unless: the patient has refused CPR; the patient is clearly in the terminal phase of illness; or the burdens of the treatment outweigh the benefits. Advance decision making Competent patients should be involved in discussions about attempting CPR unless they indicate that they do not want to be. Where patients lack competence to participate, people close to them can be helpful in reflecting their views. Legal issues Patients' rights under the Human Rights Act must be taken into account in decision making. Neither patients nor relatives can demand treatment which the health care team judges to be inappropriate, but all efforts will be made to accommodate wishes and preferences. In England, Wales and Northern Ireland relatives and people close to the patient are not entitled in law to take health care decisions for the patient. In Scotland, adults may appoint a health care proxy to give consent to medical treatment. Health professionals need to be aware of the law in relation to decision making for children and young people.IntroductionWhy policies are neededCardiopulmonary resuscitation can be attempted on any person whose cardiac or respiratory functions cease. Failure of these functions is part of dying and thus …. (shrink)

1. Aim of the guidelines2. Principles of good practice3. Circumcision for medical purposes4. Non-therapeutic circumcision 4.1. The law 4.1.1. Summary: the law 4.2. Consent and refusal 4.2.1. Children’s own consent 4.2.2. Parents’ consent 4.2.3. Summary: consent and refusal 4.3. Best interests 4.3.1. Summary: best interests 4.4. Health issues 4.5. Standards 4.6. Facilities 4.7. Charging patients 4.8. Conscientious objection5. Useful addresses.

This code of practice for health professionals was prepared by a multi-professional group and reflects good clinical practice in encouraging dialogue about individuals' wishes concerning their future treatment. It has a broad practical approach, considers a range of advance statements, advises of dangers and benefits of making treatment decisions in advance and combines annotated code of practice with a quick pull out guide for easy reference.

A capoeira ou capoeiragem é uma expressão cultural brasileira que mistura jogo, esporte, arte marcial, cultura popular, tradição, dança e música. Desenvolvida no Brasil por descendentes de escravos africanos, a capoeira é caracterizada por golpes e movimentos ágeis e complexos, utilizando primariamente chutes e rasteiras, além de joelhadas e cabeçadas, cotoveladas, acrobacias aéreas ou em solo. Praticantes da capoeira aprendem não apenas a lutar e jogar, mas também a tocar os instrumentos típicos e cantar. Assim, os discentes do 6º ano (...) de uma escola estadual da cidade de Itabuna—BA, os quais apresentavam dificuldades para ler e escrever. Entretanto, nas aulas de capoeira, os alunos se mostravam mais motivados para ler. Então, surgiu o problema que norteou essa pesquisa, a saber: como o jogo de capoeira vem sendo trabalhado, para estimular a melhoria da aprendizagem em leitura dos alunos, do 6ºano, em um colégio estadual, na cidade de Itabuna – BA? Portanto, o objetivo geral desse artigo é analisar de que maneira o mestre usa o jogo da capoeira, como ferramenta motivacional, nas práticas pedagógicas, para a melhoria da aprendizagem da leitura, entre os alunos do 6º ano, do ensino fundamental II. Desse modo, a utilização de estratégias de leitura, partindo da diversidade dos gêneros textuais, de modo lúdico, através da capoeira, no processo de ensino-aprendizagem, é um assunto que é discutido nessa pesquisa, pois esta se justifica pela necessidade de contribuir para uma melhora do processo de ensino e aprendizagem, partindo de pressupostos presentes na BNCC. Palavras-chave: Capoeira, Fomento à Leitura, Gêneros Textuais, Lúdico. (shrink)

Did Chinese mysticism vanish after its first appearance in ancient Taoist philosophy, to surface only after a thousand years had passed, when the Chinese had adapted Buddhism to their own culture? This first integrated survey of the mystical dimension of Taoism disputes the commonly accepted idea of such a hiatus. Covering the period from the Daode jing to the end of the Tang, Livia Kohn reveals an often misunderstood Chinese mystical tradition that continued through the ages. Influenced by but ultimately (...) independent of Buddhism, it took forms more various than the quietistic withdrawal of Laozi or the sudden enlightenment of the Chan Buddhists. On the basis of a new theoretical evaluation of mysticism, this study analyzes the relationship between philosophical and religious Taoism and between Buddhism and the native Chinese tradition. Kohn shows how the quietistic and socially oriented Daode jing was combined with the ecstatic and individualistic mysticism of the Zhuangzi, with immortality beliefs and practices, and with Buddhist insight meditation, mind analysis, and doctrines of karma and retribution. She goes on to demonstrate that Chinese mysticism, a complex synthesis by the late Six Dynasties, reached its zenith in the Tang, laying the foundations for later developments in the Song traditions of Inner Alchemy, Chan Buddhism, and Neo-Confucianism. (shrink)

Far from merely rejecting the ongoing political reform, the coordination of the « intermittents and précaires » proposes a reform project based on the reality of the discontinuity of labor. The aim is not a melancholy plea for the creation of some hypothetical « real jobs n, but rather, to demand the means which are required for the practices of intermittence to be placed on a solid, permanent basis. The model of unemployment compensation suggested here should enable these practices to (...) be rendered permanent, thereby guaranteeing the linkage of various temporalities as a condition for acting on the meaning and content of activity, through forms of shared benefits which grant indemnities to those with lower income and sacrifice those with a higher income. This presupposes the creation of a real threshold of indemnities but also a minimum wage-type platform. What remains to be thought is other forms of financing which would do justice to the frequently unacknowledged production of wealth in intermittence. (shrink)

"Kevin Hart and Geoffrey H. Hartman bring together essays by prominent scholars from a range of disciplines to focus on Blanchot's diverse concerns: literature, art, community, politics, ethics, spirituality, and the Holocaust."--Jacket.

The Joint International Conference on Logic Programming, sponsored by the Association for Logic Programming, is a major forum for presentations of research, applications, and implementations in this important area of computer science. Logic programming is one of the most promising steps toward declarative programming and forms the theoretical basis of the programming language Prolog and its various extensions. Logic programming is also fundamental to work in artificial intelligence, where it has been used for nonmonotonic and commonsense reasoning, expert systems implementation, (...) deductive databases, and applications such as computer-aided manufacturing. Krzysztof R. Apt is project leader at the Centre for Mathematics and Computer Science in Amsterdam and part-time Professor in Computer Science at the University of Amsterdam. Topics covered: Theory Foundations. Programming Languages. Implementation. Programming Methodologies and Tools. Applications. Deductive Databases. Artificial Intelligence. Parallelism. (shrink)

*The views expressed are the author's own. This article should not be construed as representing policies of the American Medical Association.

The tremendous recent growth of the women's movement as a political force has been accompanied by an event of equal import to the academic world--the development of the discipline of women's studies. Colleges across the nation are establishing programs in this area. Women's Studies is a classroom anthology designed for use in these newly-introduced courses.

*Disclaimer: The views expressed are the author's and should not be ascribed to the American Medical Association.

This composition text focuses on argument and persuasion using examples, exercises, readings, and writing assignments. The text guides students through developing a thesis, finding and organizing evidence, and writing and revising several different types of argumentative papers. The second edition de-emphasizes the language of formal logic, and all the readings, examples, and exercises have been updated. Additional coverage has been given to refutation. Widely used in both advanced composition and second semester freshman courses.

This book offers an ideal first reader in ancient Greek. It presents a selection of extracts from a comprehensive range of Greek authors, from Homer to Plutarch, together with generous help with vocabulary and grammar. The passages have been chosen for their intrinsic interest and variety, and brief introductions set them in context. All but the commonest Greek words are glossed as they occur and a general vocabulary is included at the back. Although the book is designed to be used (...) by students who have only completed a beginner's course in Greek, students of all ages will find that it helps them to improve their ability and confidence in reading a wide range of prose and verse texts, while at the same time providing a fascinating and copiously illustrated introduction to the riches and variety of ancient Greek literature over a period of almost a thousand years. (shrink)