The paper discusses the extent to which the availability of unprecedentedly rich data-sets and the need for new approaches – both epistemological and computational – is an emerging issue for Macroeconomics. By adopting an evolutionary approach, we describe the paradigm shifts experienced in the macroeconomic research field and emphasize that the types of data the macroeconomist has to deal with play an important role in the evolutionary process of the development of the discipline. After introducing the current debate over Big (...) Data in social sciences, the paper presents a detailed discussion of possible and existing interactions between Big Data and Computational Behavioral Macroeconomics. We argue that Big Data applied to economic questions can lead to new styles of thinking and research methods, namely to the development of a new research paradigm. (shrink)

We study the relative strength of the two axioms Every Pell equation has a nontrivial solution Exponentiation is total over weak fragments, and we show they are equivalent over IE1. We then define the graph of the exponential function using only existentially bounded quantifiers in the language of arithmetic expanded with the symbol #, where # = x[log2y]. We prove the recursion laws of exponentiation in the corresponding fragment.

We consider the theory and its weak fragments in the language of arithmetic expanded with the functional symbol . We prove that and its weak fragments, down to and , are subject to the Tennenbaum phenomenon with respect to , , and . For the last two theories it is still unknown if they may have nonstandard recursive models in the usual language of arithmetic.

A generalization is given of McAloon's result on initial segments ofmodels of GlΔ0, the fragment of Peano Arithmetic where the induction scheme is restricted to formulas with bounded quantifiers.

A generalization is given of McAloon's result on initial segments ofmodels of GlΔ0, the fragment of Peano Arithmetic where the induction scheme is restricted to formulas with bounded quantifiers.

Gauss used quadratic forms in his second proof of quadratic reciprocity. In this paper we begin to develop a theory of binary quadratic forms over weak fragments of Peano Arithmetic, with a view to reproducing Gauss’ proof in this setting.

Gauss used quadratic forms in his second proof of quadratic reciprocity. In this paper we begin to develop a theory of binary quadratic forms over weak fragments of Peano Arithmetic, with a view to reproducing Gauss’ proof in this setting.

We give a valuation theoretic characterization for a real closed field to be recursively saturated. This builds on work in [9], where the authors gave such a characterization forκ-saturation, for a cardinal$\kappa \ge \aleph _0 $. Our result extends the characterization of Harnik and Ressayre [7] for a divisible ordered abelian group to be recursively saturated.

In [4] it is shown that only using exponentiation can one prove the existence of non trivial solutions of Pell equations in IΔ 0 . However, in this paper we will prove that any Pell equation has a non trivial solution modulo m for every m in IΔ 0.

In this paper we prove, modulo Schanuel's Conjecture, that there are algorithms which decide if two exponential polynomials in π are equal in ℝ and if two exponential polynomials in π and i coincide in ℂ.

Let R be a real closed field. An integer part I for R is a discretely ordered subring such that for every \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${r \in R}$$\end{document}, there exists an \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${i \in I}$$\end{document} so that i ≤ r < i + 1. Mourgues and Ressayre (J Symb Logic 58:641–647, 1993) showed that every real closed field has an integer part. The procedure of Mourgues and (...) Ressayre appears to be quite complicated. We would like to know whether there is a simple procedure, yielding an integer part that is \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${\Delta^0_2(R)}$$\end{document} —limit computable relative to R. We show that there is a maximal Z-ring \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${I \subseteq R}$$\end{document} which is \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${\Delta^0_2(R)}$$\end{document}. However, this I may not be an integer part for R. By a result of Wilkie (Logic Colloquium ’77), any Z-ring can be extended to an integer part for some real closed field. Using Wilkie’s ideas, we produce a real closed field R with a Z-ring \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${I \subseteq R}$$\end{document} such that I does not extend to an integer part for R. For a computable real closed field, we do not know whether there must be an integer part in the class \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${\Delta^0_2}$$\end{document}. We know that certain subclasses of \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${\Delta^0_2}$$\end{document} are not sufficient. We show that for each \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${n \in \omega}$$\end{document}, there is a computable real closed field with no n-c.e. integer part. In fact, there is a computable real closed field with no n-c.e. integer part for any n. (shrink)

In this second paper of the series we do a local analysis of quadratic forms over completions of a non-standard model of IΔ0+Ω1.

In [4] the authors studied the residue field of a model M of IΔ0 + Ω1 for the principal ideal generated by a prime p. One of the main results is that M/ has a unique extension of each finite degree. In this paper we are interested in understanding the structure of any quotient field of M, i.e. we will study the quotient M/I for I a maximal ideal of M. We prove that any quotient field of M satisfies the (...) property of having a unique extension of each finite degree. We will use some of Cherlin's ideas from [3], where he studies the ideal theory of non standard algebraic integers. (shrink)

In [4] it is shown that only using exponentiation can one prove the existence of non trivial solutions of Pell equations in I$\Delta_0$. However, in this paper we will prove that any Pell equation has a non trivial solution modulo m for every m in I$\Delta_0$.

Recent studies suggest that covering the face inhibits the recognition of identity and emotional expressions. However, it might also make the eyes more salient, since they are a reliable index to orient our social and spatial attention. This study investigates whether the pervasive interaction with people with face masks fostered by the COVID-19 pandemic modulates the processing of spatial information essential to shift attention according to other’s eye-gaze direction, and whether this potential modulation interacts with motor responses. Participants were presented (...) with face cues orienting their gaze to a congruent or incongruent target letter location while wearing a surgical mask, a patch, or nothing. The task required to discriminate the identity of the lateralized target letters by pressing one of two lateralized response keys, in a corresponding or a non-corresponding position with respect to the target. Results showed that GCE was not modulated by the presence of the Mask, but it occurred in the No-Mask condition, confirming previous studies. Crucially, the GCE interacted with Simon effect in the Mask and Control conditions, though in different ways. While in the Mask condition the GCE emerged only when target and response positions corresponded, in the Control condition it emerged only when they did not correspond. These results indicate that people with face masks induce us to jointly orient our visual attention in the direction of the seen gaze in those conditions resembling a general approaching behavior. This is likely promoted by the fact that we tend to perceive wearing the mask as a personal safety measure and, thus, someone wearing the face mask is perceived as a trustworthy person. In contrast, people with a patch on their face can be perceived as more threatening, therefore inducing a GCE in those conditions associated with a general avoidance behavior. (shrink)

The mature cerebral cortex contains a staggering variety of projection neuron subtypes, and a number of complementary studies have recently begun to define their identity and embryonic origin. Among the different types of cortical projection neurons, subcerebral projection neurons, including corticospinal motor neurons (CSMN), have been extensively studied and some of the molecular controls over their differentiation have been elucidated. Here, we first provide an overview of the approaches used to purify and molecularly profile neuronal populations of the neocortex and, (...) more broadly, of the central nervous system (CNS). Next, we specifically review recent progress in understanding the genes that define and control development of the CSMN population. Finally, we briefly discuss the relevance of this work to current questions regarding the mechanisms of the establishment of projection neuron subtype identity in the neocortex and its implications to direct the differentiation of CSMN for therapeutic benefit. (shrink)

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) uses the conceptualization of psychopathology to make psychiatric diagnoses operational. The use of explicit operational criteria appears to be based on an implicit neo-positivist epistemology. Operationalism involves an excessive focus on quantitative descriptions of behavior manifestations, contesting that psychopathology is understood as a deviation from the normal or the average in a given population. Consequently, the normal and the psychopathological become homogeneous. Our analysis investigates if this neo-positivist epistemology narrows (...) psychopathology conceptualization and endanger integration with the hybrid biopsychosocial model of psychiatry. Based on Georges Canguilhem’s theorization of a qualitative approach to the individual organism who is in a state of morbidity, we show that the (psychiatric) pathology also contains differences in quality. Moreover, that humans are norm-producing organisms that actively respond to changes in their internal and external environment. In this regard, the operationalization of mental disorders could include the normativity in humans, i.e., the ability to produce norms. We argue this will mitigate the one-sided psychopathology conceptualization and strengthen the relationship between psychiatric nosology and psychiatry’s hybrid biopsychosocial model. (shrink)

The current COVID-19 pandemic and the previous SARS/MERS outbreaks of 2003 and 2012 have resulted in a series of major global public health crises. We argue that in the interest of developing effective and safe vaccines and drugs and to better understand coronaviruses and associated disease mechenisms it is necessary to integrate the large and exponentially growing body of heterogeneous coronavirus data. Ontologies play an important role in standard-based knowledge and data representation, integration, sharing, and analysis. Accordingly, we initiated the (...) development of the community-based Coronavirus Infectious Disease Ontology in early 2020. -/- As an Open Biomedical Ontology (OBO) library ontology, CIDO is open source and interoperable with other existing OBO ontologies. CIDO is aligned with the Basic Formal Ontology and Viral Infectious Disease Ontology. CIDO has imported terms from over 30 OBO ontologies. For example, CIDO imports all SARS-CoV-2 protein terms from the Protein Ontology, COVID-19-related phenotype terms from the Human Phenotype Ontology, and over 100 COVID-19 terms for vaccines (both authorized and in clinical trial) from the Vaccine Ontology. CIDO systematically represents variants of SARS-CoV-2 viruses and over 300 amino acid substitutions therein, along with over 300 diagnostic kits and methods. CIDO also describes hundreds of host-coronavirus protein-protein interactions (PPIs) and the drugs that target proteins in these PPIs. CIDO has been used to model COVID-19 related phenomena in areas such as epidemiology. The scope of CIDO was evaluated by visual analysis supported by a summarization network method. CIDO has been used in various applications such as term standardization, inference, natural language processing (NLP) and clinical data integration. We have applied the amino acid variant knowledge present in CIDO to analyze differences between SARS-CoV-2 Delta and Omicron variants. CIDO's integrative host-coronavirus PPIs and drug-target knowledge has also been used to support drug repurposing for COVID-19 treatment. -/- CIDO represents entities and relations in the domain of coronavirus diseases with a special focus on COVID-19. It supports shared knowledge representation, data and metadata standardization and integration, and has been used in a range of applications. (shrink)

We prove that if G is a Δ 0 -definable function on the natural numbers and F = Π i = 0 n G , then F is also Δ 0 -definable. Moreover, the inductive properties of F can be proved inside the theory IΔ 0.

Frida Kahlo (1907–1954) was a Mexican artist who is remembered for her self-portraits, pain and passion, and bold, vibrant colors. This work aims to use her life story and her artistic production in a longitudinal study to examine with quantitative tools the effects of physical and emotional pain (rage) on artistic expression. Kahlo suffered from polio as a child, was involved in a bus accident as a teenager where she suffered multiple fractures of her spine and had 30 operations throughout (...) her lifetime. She also had a tempestuous relationship with her painter husband, Diego Rivera. Her physical and personal troubles however became the texture of her vivid visual vocabulary—usually expressed through the depiction of Mexican and indigenous culture or the female experience and form. We applied color analysis to a series of Frida's self-portraits and revealed a very strong association of physical pain and emotional rage with low wavelength colors (red and yellow), indicating that the expression of her ailments was, consciously or not, achieved by increasing the perceived luminance of the canvas. Further quantitative analysis that used the fractal dimension identified “The broken column” as the portrait with higher compositional complexity, which matches previous critical acclaim of this portrait as the climax of her art. These results confirm the ability of color analysis to extract emotional and cognitive features from artistic work. We suggest that these tools could be used as markers to support artistic and creative interventions in mental health. (shrink)

El objeto de nuestro trabajo es analizar los testimonios que muestran la violencia contra los contribuyentes durante la recaudación de impuestos en Egipto romano del siglo I d.C. Con este propósito, dividiremos el estudio en dos partes. En la primera, indagaremos _De Specialibus Legibus_ 2.92-95 y 3.159-163 de Filón de Alejandría en relación con los edictos de los prefectos. Aquí examinaremos especialmente los métodos de tortura junto con las acciones vinculadas con los funcionarios de gobierno, como los ἐκλογισταί. En la (...) segunda, abordaremos los papiros e inscripciones que presentan pedidos o denuncias de particulares afectados por la violencia de los recaudadores y sus subordinados. Esto nos permitirá revisar no solo cuáles fueron algunos de los eventos resultantes de los impuestos en el Egipto romano, sino también hasta qué punto los impuestos forzosos afectaron la economía local. (shrink)

Μελέτη συλλογῆς δακτυλιολίθων, πού συγκροτήθηκε στήν Αἴγυπτο καί στεγάζεται στό Μουσεῖο 'Αλεξανδρείας. Περιέχει μερικά ἑλληνιστικά δείγματα, πολλά ρωμαϊκά αὐτοκρατορικῶν χρόνων, ὕστερών χρόνων ἀκόμη καί σύγχρονα. 'Ορισμένα εἶναι ἐξαιρετικῆς τέχνης : μιά προτομή πτολεμαϊκῶν χρόνων τῆς Ἴσιδας, ἤ ἕνα πορτραῖτο τοῦ Σεπτιμίου Σεβήρου καί τῆς οἰκογενείας του. Πολλά συνδέονται ἀπό τό θέμα τους (ἰσιακή τριάδα, κανωπικά ἀγγεῖα, σύνθετα ἑλληνοαιγυπτιακά σχήματα, μαγικές σφραγίδες) ἤ τήν τεχνοτροπία μέ τήν ἑλληνορωμαϊκή Αἴγυπτο.

El objeto de nuestro trabajo es analizar los testimonios que muestran la violencia contra los contribuyentes durante la recaudación de impuestos en Egipto romano del siglo I d.C. Con este propósito, dividiremos el estudio en dos partes. En la primera, indagaremos _De Specialibus Legibus_ 2.92-95 y 3.159-163 de Filón de Alejandría en relación con los edictos de los prefectos. Aquí examinaremos especialmente los métodos de tortura junto con las acciones vinculadas con los funcionarios de gobierno, como los ἐκλογισταί. En la (...) segunda, abordaremos los papiros e inscripciones que presentan pedidos o denuncias de particulares afectados por la violencia de los recaudadores y sus subordinados. Esto nos permitirá revisar no solo cuáles fueron algunos de los eventos resultantes de los impuestos en el Egipto romano, sino también hasta qué punto los impuestos forzosos afectaron la economía local. (shrink)

Le but de cet article est de souligner la contribution de certaines des plus grandes figures de la scolastique tardive au débat sur la nature et les limites de la conscience. On verra comment les disciples Thomas d’Aquin introduisent un nouveau concept, celui d’ advertentia spécifiquement conçu pour caractériser l’accès cognitif privilégié que nous avons à nos propres actes mentaux. Les dominicains du XVI e siècle adoptent à ce titre une position très proche de celle de Descartes, du moins d’un (...) point de vue phénoménologique, en faisant de l’ advertentia le critère de la mens. (shrink)

Una ricca e appassionata ricostruzione di idee, concetti e teorie, legate allo straordinario mondo dei suoni, traghettano il lettore a rivivere la travolgente enfasi data alla musica nel corso dei secoli. L'attento lavoro di ricerca effettuato dall'autrice e la grande mole dei riscontri bibliografici permettono di cogliere significati più ricchi di senso e di approcciarsi ad una più autentica esperienza dello straordinario 'fluire' d'ogni fenomeno sonoro. Il libro, attraverso una preziosa carrellata di autori diversi nel tempo e nello spazio, si (...) propone di andare 'alle radici' della musica, per riscoprirne il fascino descrivendone e ridefinendone l'ineguagliabile sua grandiosità"--Page 4 of cover. (shrink)

Gilles Deleuze est le premier philosophe français (et l'un des très rares dans le monde) à avoir consacré l'intégralité d'un ouvrage de philosophie au cinéma. S'étant fixé comme objectif de penser le cinéma dans sa singularité, à la fois comme pratique artistique et comme pensée, le philosophe s'est trouvé conduit à reconsidérer certains aspects fondamentaux de son projet philosophique, et à produire des concepts nouveaux. Une synthèse claire et concise.

The relationship between Baumgarten and Kant is famously as fruitful as any in the history of philosophy. It is well known that Kant adopted the former's Metaphysica for his lectures on metaphysics and anthropology almost uninterruptedly for about 40 years. Baumgarten's textbook represents a reference point for what a groundbreaking book of many years ago called "Kant's way to transcendental philosophy", and a key for the investigation of a considerable part of Kant's conceptual and terminological heritage. This historical circumstance has (...) deeply influenced the destiny of the studies on Baumgarten, who—beside... (shrink)

In 1909 A. Koyré (1892–1964) came to Göttingen as an exile and there became a student of Edmund Husserl and other philosophers (A. Reinach, M. Scheler): already before leaving his country Russia Koyré read Husserl'sLogical Investigations, a text which interested greatly Russian philosophers and was translated into Russian in the same year. As many other contemporary philosophers, in Göttingen they were discussing on the fundaments of mathematic, Cantor's set theory and Russell's antinomies. On this problems Koyré wrote a long paper (...) inspired to Husserl'sLogical Investigations, read it in the Philosophical Society at Göttingen and submitted it as draft for his Ph.D. dissertation to Prof. Husserl, who refused it. So unhappily the celebrated methodologist and historian of science began his academical career: Koyré came back to write on logical and mathematical paradoxes in 1922 and in 1946–47 saying he was “going back to his first love”. Among other factors this deep interest in mathematic and exact sciences unabled Koyré to analyze Galileo and Newton in his masterly way. (shrink)

Giuseppe Veronese (1854-1917) est connu pour ses études sur les espaces à plusieurs dimensions ; moins connus sont les écrits « philosophiques », qui concernent les fondements de la géométrie et des mathématiques et qui expliquent les raisons pour la construction d’une géométrie non-archimédienne (une dizaine d’années avant David Hilbert) et la formulation d’un concept de continu, qui contient des éléments infinis et infiniment petits. L’article esquissera quelques traits saillants de son épistémologie et analysera le rapport entre géométrie et intuition (...) spatiale, en comparant les conceptions de l’espace géométrique dans les œuvres de Veronese, Helmholtz et Poincaré. Selon Veronese l’espace intuitif, de même que l’espace géométrique, n’est pas euclidien et il n’a pas un nombre déterminé de dimensions : on peut donc avoir l’intuition aussi bien d’un espace à quatre dimensions que d’un continu non-archimédien. (shrink)

Giuseppe Veronese (1854-1917) est connu pour ses études sur les espaces à plusieurs dimensions ; moins connus sont les écrits « philosophiques », qui concernent les fondements de la géométrie et des mathématiques et qui expliquent les raisons pour la construction d’une géométrie non-archimédienne (une dizaine d’années avant David Hilbert) et la formulation d’un concept de continu, qui contient des éléments infinis et infiniment petits. L’article esquissera quelques traits saillants de son épistémologie et analysera le rapport entre géométrie et intuition (...) spatiale, en comparant les conceptions de l’espace géométrique dans les œuvres de Veronese, Helmholtz et Poincaré. Selon Veronese l’espace intuitif, de même que l’espace géométrique, n’est pas euclidien et il n’a pas un nombre déterminé de dimensions : on peut donc avoir l’intuition aussi bien d’un espace à quatre dimensions que d’un continu non-archimédien. (shrink)