This thesis describes two classes of Dialectica categories. Chapter one introduces dialectica categories based on Goedel's Dialectica interpretation and shows that they constitute a model of Girard's Intuitionistic Linear Logic. Chapter two shows that, with extra assumptions, we can provide a comonad that interprets Girard's !-course modality. Chapter three presents the second class of Dialectica categories, a simplification suggested by Girard, that models (classical) Linear Logic and chapter four shows how to provide modalities (...) ! and ? for this second class of construction. (shrink)

When Gödel developed his functional interpretation, also known as the Dialectica interpretation, his aim was to prove consistency of first order arithmetic by reducing it to a quantifier-free theory with finite types. Like other functional interpretations Gödel’s Dialectica interpretation gives rise to category theoretic constructions that serve both as new models for logic and semantics and as tools for analysing and understanding various aspects of the Dialectica interpretation itself. Gödel’s Dialectica interpretation gives rise to the (...) class='Hi'>Dialectica categories , in: Contemp. Math., vol. 92, Amer. Math. Soc., Providence, RI, 1989, pp. 47–62] and J.M.E. Hyland in [J.M.E. Hyland, Proof theory in the abstract, Ann. Pure Appl. Logic 114 43–78, Commemorative Symposium Dedicated to Anne S. Troelstra ]). These categories are symmetric monoidal closed and have finite products and weak coproducts, but they are not Cartesian closed in general. We give an analysis of how to obtain weakly Cartesian closed and Cartesian closed Dialectica categories, and we also reflect on what the analysis might tell us about the Dialectica interpretation. (shrink)

The method of morphisms is a well-known application of Dialectica categories to set theory. In a previous work, Valeria de Paiva and the author have asked how much of the Axiom of Choice is needed in order to carry out the referred applications of such method. In this paper, we show that, when considered in their full generality, those applications of Dialectica categories give rise to equivalents of either the Axiom of Choice or Partition Principle —which (...) is a consequence of $\textbf{AC}$ whose precise status of its relationship with$\textbf{AC}$ itself is an open problem for more than a hundred years. (shrink)

Critical studies of Dostoevsky’s work usually avoid relating it to ideology. This essay assumes that the confrontation between the author’s ideology and his literary work can provide some vital clues to understanding concepts shared by both fields. The categories of strength and weakness are analyzed as important nodes in the conceptual-imaginative net. This paper focuses on a critical period in Dostoevsky’s work, from 1860 to1864, because there is a general consensus that it was an essential time for the evolution (...) towards his mature work. (shrink)

The synthesis of the Critical Theory’s called essentials shapes shows the remaining and relevance of the Enlightment Dialectic’s notion. With this we can notice the relation between productive rationalization and social relations’ instrumental deformation, as constitutive character of modern culture. At time, the dialectic nature of Enlightment’s categories propitiates a melting of critical theorizations engaged with reformulated Enlightments’s ideals. This dialectic establishes some epistemologic conditions for the restoration of Critical Theory’s posibilities conditions. Around these, we feel necessary a sistematic (...) connection among materialist and hermenutic attitude on the analysis of knowledge’s historic determination. Historic interest’s concept allows the elaboration of that alternative, opening ways of reflection to Critical Theory’s revolutionary restating. This objective requires the recovering of historic experience’s extreme notion, formulated by original project of that’s most significative authors. (shrink)

RESUMENEn el presente trabajo se realiza una presentación de los conceptos y categorías principales de la Segunda Parte de Dialéctica negativa de Theodor W. Adorno. A partir de dicha presentación se plantean una serie de críticas a la posición de Adorno con el fin de demostrar la necesidad de reconocer un nivel inmediato de la realidad en base al cual actúen las diferentes mediaciones dialécticas. Al mismo tiempo, se señala la posibilidad de hacer esto dentro del propio marco de la (...) dialéctica negativa, como una radicalización de la misma, en la tradición dialéctica inaugurada por Hegel.PALABRAS CLAVEADORNO, HEGEL, DIALÉCTICA NEGATIVA, MEDIACIÓN/INMEDIATEZABSTRACTThis paper gives a presentation of the main concepts and categories of Part II of Negative dialectics by Theodor W. Adorno. As from this presentation a series of criticisms to Adorno’s position is offered in order to demonstrate the need of acknowledging an immediate level of reality which is at the basis of the action of different dialectical mediations. At the same time the possibility of doing this inside the limits of the negative dialectics is explained as a radicalization of it in the dialectical tradition inaugurated by Hegel.KEYWORDSADORNO, HEGEL, NEGATIVE DIALECTICS, MEDIATION/IMMEDIACY. (shrink)

RésuméLe sens intentionnel ?une énonciation comprend selon Grice un acte illocutoire principal et des actes illocutoires secondaires, qui peuvent être soit des implicatures conventionnelles soit des implkatures non‐conventionnelles. Je montre que cette analyse, sous ľnterprétation visée par Grice, est défectueuse en ceci que i) elle exclut que ľacte illocutoire principal puisse être non littéral, ii) elle ne rend pas compte de ce que les implicatures conventionnelles sont annulables et iii) elle confond sous ľappellation ?implicature non conventionnelle deux types de phénomènes (...) qui doivent être distingués. Je suis ainsi amenéà proposer un nouveau découpage du sens intentionnel qui paraît mieux rendre compte de la diversité des effets de sens possibles. (shrink)

Ce bref article relit le début de la Logique de la philosophie d´Eric Weil et le confronte à la pensée de Hegel. Ce sont ainsi les trois premières catégories de la Logique de la Philosophie qui sont mises en parallèle avec le début de la première partie de la «petite Logique» de Hegel, c´est-à-dire, avec la section Être de l´Encyclopédie des Sciences Philosophiques. Il est intéressant, en effet, de chercher à comprendre ce qui met en mouvement la pensée dialectique, la (...) Vérité chez Weil, l´Etre chez Hegel. La même question se posera dans l´analyse de la seconde catégorie de Weil, le non-sens, dont il s´agira d´interroger la parenté avec le «néant» (das Nichts) de Hegel. C´est alors que surgira le concept de «reprise», dont le contraste avec l´Aufhebung hégélienne apparaîtra de façon surprenante. La catégorie Le vrai et le faux per­mettra de mieux préciser le sens de la «reprise». (shrink)

Se presenta un estudio sobre un aspecto de la fundamentación lógica de la Bibliotecología y Estudios de la Información. Por fundamentación lógica se entiende el análisis de las relaciones entre los componentes del aparato teórico de una disciplina. El aspecto que se pretende realizar es el análisis de las relaciones dialécticas entre dichos componentes. Una relación dialéctica es aquella por la cual se infieren unas categorías a partir del análisis de elementos internos y su interrelación presentes en una categoría inicial. (...) Se parte de una categoría primaria, la cual contiene todos los demás elementos de la estructura teórica de la ciencia. A semejanza de Marx quien en su obra “El Capital” comienza con el concepto “mercancía” para después inferir la teoría de la economía capitalista, nosotros partimos del concepto “documento” para obtener la teoría de la Bibliotecología. Finalmente siguiendo el desarrollo dialéctico del conocimiento se transita de la categoría inicial como relación más simple, a la esencia, después a la apariencia y finalmente a la realidad. Se propone como esencia de la Bibliotecología el satisfacer necesidades de información documental, como apariencia el servicio que se presta al público y como realidad a un sistema de información concreto. A LÓGICA DO SISTEMA CATEGORIAL DA BIBLIOTECONOMIA E ESTUDOS DA INFORMAÇÃO DOCUMENTAL: UMA ANÁLISE DIALÉTICA Resumo Apresenta-se estudo de um aspecto da fundamentação lógica da Biblioteconomia e Estudos da Informação. Por fundamentação lógica entende-se a análise das relações entre os componentes do aparato teórico de uma disciplina. O aspecto que se pretende observar compreende a análise das relações dialéticas entre esses componentes. A relação dialética é aquela pela qual algumas categorias são inferidas a partir da análise de elementos internos e suas interrelações presentes em uma categorização inicial. Parte-se de uma categoria principal que contém todos os outros elementos da estrutura teórica da ciência. Como Marx, que na sua obra “O Capital” começa com o conceito de "mercadoria" para daí inferir sua teoria da economia capitalista, partimos do conceito de "documento" para chegar a uma teoria da Biblioteconomia. Finalmente, após o desenvolvimento dialético do conhecimento, transita-se da categoria incial como a relação mais simples, a essência, e daí para a aparência e, finalmente, para a realidade. Propõe-se como essência da Biblioteconomia a satisfação da informação documental, como aparência o serviço que se presta ao público e como realidade os sistemas de informação concretos. (shrink)

La «question de l'Inconditionné» est développée par Paul Tillich dans une Religionsphilosophie pensée comme Logique de la raison religieuse et comme Théorie du sens, dans une perspective théonome. La présente étude analyse le projet du premier Tillich, après l'avoir situé en relation au paradigme de la Modernité. Tillich mène un double combat, face à l'«hybris religieuse» de l'hétéronomie et à l'«hybris culturelle» de la pure autonomie. Partant de la tension fondamentale entre identité mystique et différence éthique, le projet de Tillich (...) souligne l'aspect paradoxal et dialectique de la religion, son vouloir d'atteindre le contenu inconditionné à travers des formes conditionnées, sa résistance à être pur objet et concept d'une science. Dépassant le paradigme de la Modernité, Tillich construit une Philosophie de la Religion située dans le système des sciences, mais non fondée sur le conditionné, mais au contraire sur l'Inconditionné. Les éléments et catégories du religieux sont soumis à l'analyse à travers un processus méthodologique complexe, critique et dialectique, intuitif et vital; est ainsi formulée l'unité de sens entre le fondé, le fondant et le fondement ultime qui soutient tout. La dialectique du sacré et du profane, du divin et du démoniaque, de la foi et de l'incrédulité, de Dieu et du monde, est éclairée dans la perspective théonome; d'où est surpassée la pure autonomie, en lutte avec l'hétéronomie religieus. (shrink)

Processes are occurrents that were, are, or will be happening. They endure or they perdure, i.e. they are either “fully” present at every time they happen, or they rather have temporal parts. According to Stout (2016), they endure. His argument assumes that processes may change. Then, Stout argues that, if something changes, it endures. As I show, Stout’s Argument misses its target. In particular, it makes use of a notion of change that is either intuitive but illegitimate or technical but (...) question-begging. (shrink)

In an unpublished note Reddy introduced an extended intuitionistic linear calculus, called LLMS (for Linear Logic Model of State), to model state manipulation via the notions of sequential composition and ‘regenerative values’. His calculus introduces the connective ‘before’ ▹ and an associated modality †, for the storage of objects sequentially reusable. Earlier and independently de Paiva introduced a (collection of) dialectica categorical models for (classical and intuitionistic) Linear Logic, the categories Dial2Set. These categories contain, apart from the (...) structure needed to model linear logic, an extra tensor product functor and an extra comonad structure corresponding to a modality related to the extra tensor product. It is surprising that these works arising from completely different motivations can be related in a meaningful way. In this article, following joint work with Corrêa and Haeusler, we first adapt Reddy's system LLMS providing a commutative version of the connective ‘before’ and its associated modality and then construct a dialectica category on Sets , which we show is a sound model for the modified version of Reddy's the system LLMSc. Moreover, following the work of Tucker, we provide another variant of the Dialectica categories with a non-commutative tensor and its associated modality, which models soundlyLLMS itself. We conclude with some speculation on future applications. (shrink)

The aim of this paper is to exhibit some important features of the two versions of the deduction. In the first edition, Kant emphasizes the role of imagination as an autonomous faculty; in the second, On the contrary, Imagination, Though keeping its synthetic function, Is subordinated to the understanding. This reversal in the role of imagination is bound up to a paradoxical conception of the object which pervades the two editions of the "critique". The deduction should be conceived as a (...) way out of the paradox, Each edition favoring one alternative against the other. The role of the subject is correlative of the way the object is conceived: this article shows how german idealism radicalized kant's position in the first edition, And positivism, The second version, Though both were led to depart from kant's general requirement that knowledge was a result of the equilibrium of concepts and intuitions. (shrink)

SummaryThe aim of this paper is to exhibit some important features of the two versions of the Deduction. In the first edition, Kant emphasizes the role of imagination as an autonomous faculty; in the second, on the contrary, imagination, though keeping its synthetic function, is subordinated to the understanding. This reversal in the role of imagination is bound up to a paradoxical conception ot the object which pervades the two editions of the Critique. The Deduction should be conceived as a (...) way out of the paradox, each edition favoring one alternative against the other. The role of the subject is correlative of the way the object is conceived: this article shows how German Idealism radicalised Kant's position in the first edition, and Positivism the second version, though both were led to depard from Kant's general requirement that knowledge was a result of the equilibrium of concepts and intuitions. (shrink)

El artículo analiza el trabajo de apropiación crítica llevado a cabo por Enrique Dussel de la obra de F. W. J. Schelling. Es interesante analizar, desde el marco aportado por la Historia de las Ideas en América Latina, cómo el filósofo de la liberación entiende y resignifica las categorías filosóficas desarrolladas por el filósofo romántico. El artículo se propone identificar los supuestos epistemológicos y metodológicos mediadores en este trabajo de interpretación categorial que le permite al filósofo argentino, entre otros aportes, (...) articular el método analéctico, método a partir del cual es posible proponer una filosofía que se aparta de la dialéctica de lo Uno y puede conceptualmente llegar al otro. (shrink)

A filosofia do conhecimento de Leonardo Coimbra desenvolve-se sob a noção de uma relação dialéctica intuitivo-racional e lógico-poética. Toma a realidade, não de forma parcial e redutora, mas de forma integral, na relação progressiva e ascendente do pensar com o ser, através daquilo que se revela nos diferentes níveis da experiência humana: físico, bio-psicológico, científico, estético, ético, metafísico e religioso.Um conhecimento que não se reduz ao plano cognitivo e discursivo da razão lógico-analítica, mas também abrange o plano afectivo da razão (...) analógica e poético-mistérica. Através das experiências noético-emocionais da Alegria, Dor e Graça, a gnosiologia criacionista parte do conhecimento pré-categorial do ver intuitivo, para o conhecimento discursivo do ver conceptual, terminando na experiência-síntese metafísico-religiosa da visão ginástica em que se dá a contemplação do divino. (shrink)

There is an affinity between Hegel’s philosophy and Neoplatonism that Hegel himself explicitly pointed out. We claim that this affinity is due to systematic reasons and involves theoretical and practical aspects of both philosophies. To argue in that direction, we address the thematization of Plotinus’s philosophy in the Hegelian Lessons on the history of philosophy. We seek to show that, according to Hegel, Plotinus elaborates in ancient times, for the first time, a complex synthesis of the philosophical principles that precede (...) his own thought, and for this reason Hegel’s speculative exposition ascribes to Neoplatonism the logical category of totality. In this synthesis of finite principles —which we will seek to determine in this paper—, Hegel recognizes tasks and problems close to those of his own philosophy. However, can it be asserted that Hegel’s philosophy is for this reason a modern Neoplatonism, or is there a point at which both projects are revealed to have a fundamental incompatibility? (shrink)

Volvemos sobre la tesis salazariana según la cual la cultura peruana y latinoamericana puede ser caracterizada como "cultura de la dominación", con el propósito de ponerla en relación con desarrollos, que el mismo autor realiza en textos posteriores a la publicación del polémico libro titulado ¿Existe una filosofía de nuestra América?. Desarrollos a través de los cuales será posible despejar la pregunta por la función social de la filosofía, seguir de cerca su caracterización de la "cultura de la dominación" y (...) comprender las categorías dicotómicas "dominación / liberación" en el marco de una peculiar tensión dialéctica. Todos estos elementos convergen en su formulación de un humanismo emergente. We turn back on the salazarian thesis according to which the Peruvian and Latin-American culture can be characterized as "culture of domination", for the purpose of positioning it in relation with developments, which the same author carries out in texts after the publication of the controversial book entitled ¿Existe una filosofía de nuestra América?. Developments across which it will be possible to clear the question for the social function of philosophy, to closely follow his characterization of the "culture of domination" and to understand the dichotomous categories "domination/liberation" in the context of a peculiar dialectic tension. All these elements converge on his formulation of an emerging humanism. (shrink)

"Abelard composed four works on logic: (1) Introductiones Parvulorum, which consists of short glosses on Porphyry Eisagoge and Aristotle Categories and De Interpretatione; (2) Logica Ingredientibus (so called because ingredientibus is the first word of its text), which consists of longer glosses on the texts covered by the previous work together with Boethius' De Differentiis Topicis and was probably written while Abelard was teaching in Paris before 1120; (3) Logica Nostrorum Petitioni (so called because nostrorum petitioni are the first (...) words of its text), which consists of longer glosses on the Eisagoge and may date from the time of his teaching at the hermitage of the Paraclete; (4) Dialectica, which has the form of an independent work about the subjects covered by Boethius' logical writings and Victorinus' treatise De Definitionibus and seems to contain materials from different periods of Abelard's life but probably did not reach its final form until a late date, perhaps the time of his stay at Cluny shortly before his death. Of these the second and the fourth are the most valuable. The Dialectica indeed, though based, like that of Garland, chiefly on the works of Boethius and written with the prolixity which was all too common among medieval authors, is an original composition of great importance for the development of logic. Abelard's mind was the keenest (though not in all respects the most admirable) that had been devoted to the subject for more than a thousand years, and he approached his task with the belief that it was still possible to make discoveries: 'Non enim tanta fuit antiquorum scriptorum perfectio ut non et nostro doctrina indigeat studio, nec tantum in nobis mortalibus scientia potest crescere ut non ultra possit augmentum recipere.' (1) The Dialectica survives in a single manuscript which lacks the opening sections. Excerpts from it were published by Victor Cousin in 1836 in his Ouvrages inédits d' Abelard. But unfortunately the text was not printed in full until 1956, and before that date it was therefore not possible to appreciate the magnitude of Abelard's contribution to the doctrines we regard as characteristically medieval.. (shrink)

RESUMEN En este artículo se analizan las ideas contrapuestas de Domingo Faustino Sarmiento y José Martí sobre el binomio "civilización-barbarie", categoría medular de los discursos políticos e intelectuales del siglo XIX, con el fin de explorar sus concepciones sobre el nuevo sujeto político. Se exploran los "contextos de enunciación" desde los cuales desarrollaron sus posiciones ético-políticas; la opción por el hombre natural (Martí) frente al sujeto político ideal (Sarmiento); y la apelación y desmontaje de las categorías raciales en ambos autores. (...) El estudio de estas categorías revela una dialéctica de persistencia y abandono de imaginarios coloniales. ABSTRACT This article analyzes the conflicting ideas of Domingo Faustino Sarmiento and José Martí about the binomial "civilization-barbarism", a core category of political and intellectual discourses of the 19th century, to explore their conceptions of the new political subject. The "enunciation contexts" from which they developed their ethical-political positions; the option for the "natural man" (Martí) versus the ideal political subject (Sarmiento); and the appeal and dismantling of racial categories in both authors. The study of these categories reveals a dialectic of persistence and abandonment of colonial imaginaries. (shrink)

A categorical structure suitable for interpreting polymorphic lambda calculus (PLC) is defined, providing an algebraic semantics for PLC which is sound and complete. In fact, there is an equivalence between the theories and the categories. Also presented is a definitional extension of PLC including "subtypes", for example, equality subtypes, together with a construction providing models of the extended language, and a context for Girard's extension of the Dialectica interpretation.

Image is said in many ways. In view of its equivocal nature, we could choose to clear its analytical path, replace its historical transit or give up. Instead, this paper proposes an alternative by reflecting on the temporal dimension of the image. For this reason, it makes use of two nodal reflections: the Benjaminian notion of dialectical image, and the link between image and emotions as explored contemporaneously by queer theory. The notion of dialectical image allows us to envision, even (...) beyond its author, another link between image and history, which allows us to understand it not only as a linguistic phenomenon, but also in its visual and audiovisual dimension. Queer theory in its affective turn has presented a possible link between images and affects that allows the composition of an ephemeral archive that declassifies our temporal categories (CVETKOVICH, 2018) and the ethical question about our primary responses in the face of the image (BUTLER, 2010). The journey through both notions addresses, ultimately, the temporality of images in its critical power, that old insistence on thinking of images that contain their own destruction. (shrink)

Aristotle's discussion of relatives in the Categories presented its eleventh- and twelfth-century readers with many puzzles. Their attempt to solve these puzzles and to develop a coherent account of the category led around the beginning of the twelfth century to the invention of relations as items which stand to relatives as qualities stand to qualified substances. In this paper, I first discuss the details of Aristotle's accounts of relatives and the related category of ‘situation’ and Boethius' commentary on them. (...) I then examine some of the earliest mediaeval commentaries on the Categories showing how the notion of relation, and in particular of individual relations, was developed. I conclude by showing how Peter Abaelard's treatment of relations in his Dialectica was part of an ongoing and sophisticated debate over the nature of relations. (shrink)

In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:Journal of the History of Philosophy 42.2 (2004) 219-220 [Access article in PDF] Jack Zupko. John Buridan: Portrait of a Fourteenth-Century Arts Master. Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press, 2003. Pp. xix + 446. Cloth, $70.00. Paper, $40.00. What does the name "John Buridan" call to mind? For many, including medievalists, not much at all—at best, perhaps, a set of apparently unrelated ideas: nominalism; an impetus theory of (...) projectile motion; and a peculiar account of the will (although "Buridan's ass," the indecisive donkey caught between two equally appetizing bales of hay, is not found in Buridan's writing). In correcting this ignorance—an injustice to arguably the most famous and influential philosopher of the early-to-mid-fourteenth century—the temptation might have been to articulate Buridan's "positions" on "the big questions," allowing readers to fit Buridan into received categories. Thankfully, the present work, the first book-length study of Buridan in any language, resists this temptation. The John Buridan that emerges from Jack Zupko's skillful "exercise in philosophical portraiture" doesn't serve to simply fill gaps in our awareness of the historical record, but to enlighten and challenge our understanding of the practice of philosophy and the study of its history.Zupko emphasizes throughout that Buridan was a teacher, a master of arts in Paris. Buridan's pedagogical concerns help make sense of his central work in logic. As the basis for his arts lectures, Buridan chose Peter of Spain's Summulae Logicales, but in commenting on Peter, Buridan moves beyond creative exegisis to comprehensive renovation. Buridan (c. 1300-c. 1361) naturally wanted to accommodate terminist or via moderna supposition theory; but more importantly, he wanted a logic text that would set out a general plan of philosophical inquiry, "a compendium of methods, a 'how-to' book for the philosopher" (135). Buridan thus designed his own Summulae de Dialectica as a new authoritative logic text, and Zupko persuasively argues that its "nominalism" should be understood as less a set of doctrines in theoretical logic, than a program of logical practice, an education in logic as the ars artium, the universal intellectual tool.Zupko's portrait of "Buridan's vision of the philosophical enterprise" is thus appropriately divided into two parts. The first summarizes Buridan's method as described in the individual treatises of his Summulae. The second displays the method in practice, rehearsing and evaluating some of Buridan's arguments on various subjects. Many scholars will gravitate first to the latter part, where Zupko offers important interpretations and clarifications of Buridan's views. In these chapters, Zupko helps us to appreciate, among other things: how the problem of universals served to help Buridan define the scope of philosophy (ch. 10); the philosophical modesty of Buridan's account of the intellectual soul's presence in the body (ch. 11); the relationship between Buridan's epistemology and the skepticism of his Parisian contemporary Nicholas of Autrecourt (ch. 12); the sense in which Buridan is an "empiricist," viz an epistemic naturalist and reliabilist (ch. 13); how Buridan regarded moral psychology as applied physics, treating virtue as a kind of impetus (ch. 14); how Buridan's account of freedom can be regarded as a "perfection" of Thomistic intellectualism (ch. 15).Throughout these discussions, Zupko always keeps in sight his larger purpose of illustrating Buridan's conception of philosophical inquiry. Zupko makes much of the fact that [End Page 219] Buridan never wrote as a theologian, remaining his entire career in the arts faculty, where he wanted logic to organize secular inquiry. As Zupko notes, in this way Buridan's scholastic project seems to prefigure the "modern." But Buridan seems modern in another way as well. As Zupko points out in his "Introduction," though a cleric, Buridan never joined a religious order, so that his ideas developed independently of the Franciscan and Dominican traditions. He was, then, a teacher without a tradition—at least without deliberate allegiance to tradition, although he was in many ways the product of traditional scholastic intellectual discipline.Perhaps this... (shrink)

Peter Abelard (1079–1142 ce) was the most wide‐ranging philosopher of the twelfth century. He quickly established himself as a leading teacher of logic in and near Paris shortly after 1100. After his affair with Heloise, and his subsequent castration, Abelard became a monk, but he returned to teaching in the Paris schools until 1140, when his work was condemned by a Church Council at Sens. His logical writings were based around discussion of the “Old Logic”: Porphyry's Isagoge, aristotle'S Categories (...) and On Interpretation and boethius'S textbook on topical inference. They comprise a freestanding Dialectica (“Logic”; probably c.1116), a set of commentaries (known as the Logica [Ingredientibus], c. 1119) and a later (c. 1125) commentary on the Isagoge (Logica Nostrorum Petititoni Sociorum or Glossulae). In a work Abelard called his Theologia, issued in three main versions (between 1120 and c.1134), he attempted a logical analysis of trinitarian relations and explored the philosophical problems surrounding God's claims to omnipotence and omniscience. The Collationes (“Debates,” also known as “Dialogue between a Christian, a Philosopher and a Jew”; probably c.1130) present a rational investigation into the nature of the highest good, in which the Christian and the Philosopher (who seems to be modeled on a philosopher of pagan antiquity) are remarkably in agreement. The unfinished Scito teipsum (“Know thyself,” also known as the “Ethics”; c.1138) analyses moral action. (shrink)

El presente texto corresponde a la presentación de la defensa de la tesis "La racionalidad científico-tecnológica. Aportes a la reflexión epistemológica en la obra de Herbert Marcuse", dirigida por la Dra. Delia Albarracín en la Maestría en Metodología de la Investigación Científica de la Universidad Nacional de Lanús, que dirige Esther Díaz, el 26 de agosto de 2011. En lo que sigue queremos sintetizar una lectura de la obra de Herbert Marcuse que pone el énfasis en un cruce posible entre (...) su visión antropológica y su visión epistemológica desde una metodología que denominamos dialéctica. La confluencia propuesta supone considerar a la categoría racionalidad tecnológica como una categoría central de su obra que permite estructurar una lectura de conceptos que, aventuramos, siguen vigentes para pensar y re-pensar nuestra condición humana. Esta categoría reúne reflexiones filosóficas y políticas en el intento por desnudar la principal ideología que permite cohesionar a los individuos en los modelos sociales centrales del siglo XX. This text is a part of the M.S. Dissertation, "Scientific-technological rationality. Contributions to an epistemological reflection on Herbert Marcuse's work", under the supervision of PhD Delia Albarracín for the Master in Methodology for Scientific Investigation, Lanús University, directed by Esther Díaz, held on August 26th, 2011. What follows is a summary of our approach to Herbert Marcuse's work, which focuses on the crossing between the anthropological and the epistemological vision, from a methodological view that we call dialectics. The proposed convergence implies that the technological rationality category is central in his work and permits a certain reading of concepts that are still in force to think over our human condition. This category joins philosophical and political reflections in an attempt to unveil the main ideology that unites individuals in the XXth century's principal social models. (shrink)

RESUMEN Ante la urgencia de atender a los problemas cuya solución no es solo material, el universo espiritual humano se presenta como una categoría central. Al conjugar lo racional y lo afectivo, se delimita su esencia, asimismo se despliega una reflexión teórica y se revela su presencia en el pensamiento de José Martí. Se estudian sus escritos de 1881-1882 en el diario caraqueño La Opinión Nacional, hasta ahora poco analizados, para mostrar la relación dialéctica en la visión unitaria e integradora, (...) así como sus consideraciones sobre el universo espiritual humano. ABSTRACT The human spiritual world is a central category in view of the pressing need to address problems whose solution cannot be merely material. The objective of the article is to show how the rational and the affective are combined in José Martí's conception of spiritual world, through a theoretical reflection that defines its essence. To that effect, it studies Martí's writings published between 1881 and 1882 in the Caracas newspaper, La Opinión Nacional. The analysis of these texts, which have been little studied to date, makes it possible to reveal the dialectical relation underlying Martí's unitary and integrating vision, as well as his considerations regarding the human spiritual world. (shrink)

Raymund Schwager SJ suggested a dramatic way of looking at the Christ event, as recorded in the New Testament, in order to clarify the meaning of it and provide a coherent picture. Bernard Lonergan SJ developed a theological methodology for our day. In this article, the author tries to determine how Schwager's approach relates to Lonergan's methodology. He wants to investigate the question: what functional specialty is Schwager engaged in in his main work? The answer shall be that this is (...) foundations. The author of the article proceeds by (1) introducing the most important elements of Schwager's dramatic understanding of the Christ event and (2) of Lonergan's methodology, and then by linking them with one another; (3) he will try to show how Schwager's subdivision of the Christ event into five acts brings out the contours of Jesus' struggle with his opponents as an instance of dialectic in Lonergan's sense; (4) that the Easter experience will be construed as a new, foundational, act that objectifies conversion to human authenticity; and that (5) by discerning all this in the Christ event dramatic theology defines soteriology as the horizon within which Christian doctrines and systematics have to stand and elucidates the way soteriology should be construed; that way dramatic theology determines itself as a foundational enterprise. For the author of the article, this constitutes an exemplary case of the genesis of special theological categories. /// Segundo o artigo, Raymund Schwager SJ propôs um modo dramático de encarar o acontecimento crístico, tal como o mesmo nos é relatado nos textos do Novo Testamento, em ordem a clarificar o seu sentido e a oferecer-nos uma imagem coerente do mesmo. Por seu lado, Bernard Lonergan SJ desenvolveu uma metodologia teológica adequada às exigências do nosso tempo. Assim, o autor do artigo propõe-se determinar de que modo a abordagem de Schwager está relacionada com a metodologia de Lonergan. O seu objectivo é investigar a seguinte questão: qual é a especialidade funcional com que Schwager se compromete na sua principal obra? A resposta será que se trata das fundações. Com isso, o artigo desenvolve-se da seguinte maneira: (1) introdução dos elementos mais importantes na compreensão dramática de Schwager acerca do acontecimento crístico; (2) introdução dos elementos mais importantes da metodologia lonerganiana, para depois os relacionar um ao outro; (3) mostrar de que modo a subdivisão de Schwager do acontecimento crístico em cinco actos é capaz de trazer ao de cima os contornos da luta de Jesus com os seus opositores como uma instância dialéctica no sentido de Lonergan; (4) mostrar de que modo a experiência pascal pode ser construída como um novo, e fundacional, acto que objectiva a conversão à autenticidade humana; (5) mostrar até que ponto mediante o discernimento de tudo isto no acontecimento crístico, a teologia dramática define a soteriologia como o horizonte dentro do qual as doutrinas cristãs e a sistemática teológica têm de se afirmar e elucida o modo como a sotereologia tem de ser construída. Deste modo, a teologia dramática determina-se a si mesma como um empreendimento fundacional. Para o autor do artigo, trata-se aqui de um caso exemplar no que respeita à génese de categorias teológicas especiais. (shrink)

Totalidade dialética: contribuições para derruir os limites entre a filosofia e a interdisciplinaridade Resumo: O presente artigo busca trazer para o debate alguns elementos que denotam uma tendência na filosofia de ser uma atividade intelectual voltada para a construção de um olhar de unidade objetivando a totalidade. A categoria totalidade primeiro aparece como objetivo do processo gnosiológico para em seguida aparecer como categoria lógica e epistemológica, sendo significante e explicativa. Esta tendência da filosofia ainda colocaria em suspeição a ideia de (...) interdisciplinaridade como pensamento inovador fundado na década de sessenta na França. Este trabalho ainda busca contribuir com o debate interdisciplinar ao colocar a pertinência da visão unitária, sistêmica e dialética, que nos conduza para uma superação do que podemos chamar de “alienação esclarecida”. Palavras-chave: filosofia; animismo; interdisciplinaridade; totalidade; dialética. Dialetic totality: contributions to drop the limits between philosophy and interdisciplinarity Abstract: This article seeks to bring to the debate some elements that denote a tendency in philosophy to be an intellectual activity aimed at building a look of unity aiming at totality. The totality category first appears in history as the objective of the gnosiological process and then appears as a logical and epistemological category, being significant and explanatory. This trend in philosophy would still put the idea of interdisciplinarity as an innovative thought founded in the sixties in France under suspicion. This work still seeks to contribute to the interdisciplinary debate by placing the pertinence of the unitary, systemic and dialectical view, which leads us to overcome what we can call "enlightened alienation". Key-words: Philosophy; Animism; Interdisciplinarity; Totality; Dialectic. Totalidad dialética: contribuciones para abandonar los límites entre filosofía e interdisciplinaridad Resumen: Este artículo busca traer al debate algunos elementos que denotan una tendencia en la filosofía a ser una actividad intelectual orientada a construir una mirada de unidad con miras a la totalidad. La categoría de totalidad aparece primero como el objetivo del proceso gnosiológico y luego aparece como una categoría lógica y epistemológica, siendo significativa y explicativa. Esta corriente filosófica aún pondría bajo sospecha la idea de la interdisciplinariedad como pensamiento innovador fundado en los años sesenta en Francia. Este trabajo también busca contribuir al debate interdisciplinario colocando la pertinencia de la mirada unitaria, sistémica y dialéctica, lo que nos lleva a superar lo que podemos llamar "alienación ilustrada". Palabras clave: filosofía; animismo; interdisciplinariedad; totalidad; dialéctico. Data de registro: 21/03/2021 Data de aceite: 19/01/2022. (shrink)

The synthesis of the Critical Theory’s called essentials shapes shows the remaining and relevance of the Enlightment Dialectic’s notion. With this we can notice the relation between productive rationalization and social relations’ instrumental deformation, as constitutive character of modern culture. At time, the dialectic nature of Enlightment’s categories propitiates a melting of critical theorizations engaged with reformulated Enlightments’s ideals. This dialectic establishes some epistemologic conditions for the restoration of Critical Theory’s posibilities conditions. Around these, we feel necessary a sistematic (...) connection among materialist and hermenutic attitude on the analysis of knowledge’s historic determination. Historic interest’s concept allows the elaboration of that alternative, opening ways of reflection to Critical Theory’s revolutionary restating. This objective requires the recovering of historic experience’s extreme notion, formulated by original project of that’s most significative authors. (shrink)

In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:Reviewed by:The Philosophy of Peter Abelard by John MarenbonConstant MewsJohn Marenbon. The Philosophy of Peter Abelard. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997. Pp. xx + 373. Cloth, £40.Peter Abelard (1079–1142) has long provoked conflicting responses from readers. Even in his own lifetime opinions varied from the adulation of loyal disciples to a chorus of hostility from St. Bernard and others. Inevitably these debates have colored subsequent perception of Abelard’s achievement. (...) It was only through the pioneering efforts of Victor Cousin that Abelard’s writings on logic, as distinct from those on theology and scriptural exegesis, first began to see the light of day. As John Marenbon documents in a fascinating appendix to a magisterial volume, Cousin’s emphasis on Abelard as a dialectician tended to reinforce existing stereotypes about him as a critical rather than as a constructive thinker.Marenbon sets out to counter such perceptions. His book is structured in three separate sections: a historical survey of Abelard’s life and writings on logic and theology; [End Page 621] an analysis of his ideas on substance, language, epistemology and universals; and a study of the ethical foundations of his thought. This tripartite structure shapes his analysis in profound ways. The initial section has the merit of synthesizing recent research (including my own) about our understanding of the chronological evolution of Abelard’s writings with lucidity and perspicacity. The real originality of this book, however, emerges in its second section with the chapter ‘Logic, philosophy and exegesis.’ Here Marenbon presents a succinct account of the ontological framework inherited by Abelard through Aristotle’s Categories and Porphyry’s introduction to it, the Isagoge, as well as Abelard’s response to it. Marenbon’s comment (109) that nominalists did not think that there was no thing which was not a particular, but instead expounded the Isagoge and Categories as having to do with words rather than things sets the tone for his analysis of Abelard’s ontology, presented as being much more subtle than a naive rejection of universal things. His thesis is that this ontology combines three separate principles: nominalism, ‘strong naturalism’ (defined as Aristotle’s belief that every member of a given natural kind has the same basic structure of genera, species and differentiae), and a strict view of the separateness of particular things.To a modern eye, these principles might seem to be mutually exclusive. Marenbon shows how Abelard constructs an ontology taking its point of departure from the particularity of things, and so transforms Porphyry’s hierarchy of being into one which is based on individuals. Unlike earlier scholars, (notably Jean Jolivet, author of a brilliant study of Abelard’s semantics and its implications for theology), Marenbon is able to profit from a far deeper awareness of the evolution of Abelard’s thinking about specific logical problems. He is thus able to describe, sometimes in minute detail, how Abelard wrestled with intellectual inconsistencies inherited from the differing strands in his own tradition. Thus he shows how, after the Dialectica and early glosses on Porphyry and Aristotle, Abelard moves away from a simplistic semantics of denomination, by which words denote corresponding forms, and starts to interpret certain accidents (like whiteness) as not having a separate reality. This evolution in Abelard’s semantic thought is mainly known only through passages revised in his Christian Theology. Marenbon suggests that Abelard may have been influenced here by transferring ideas about the three divine persons as differing in attribute to the ordinary world.One difficulty with the structure Marenbon has chosen is that the reader sometimes has to keep backtracking in Abelard’s career. Thus while he provides an outstanding exegesis of Abelard’s theory of cognition (making full use of the long neglected De intellectibus), developed in the 1120s, he then backtracks to the issue of universals. The evolution of Abelard’s thinking on this topic is related, however, to that in other domains. While Marenbon avoids historicizing interpretations (having assigned historical analysis to the first part of his book), it does seem that the evolution of Abelard’s thought was influenced by a desire to distance himself from the categories of thought of his various teachers.Marenbon... (shrink)

Of Peter Abelard's logical writings, the fruit of thirty-five years of his activity as a teacher and dialectician, there have been to date only four editions worthy of note: that of Cousin in 1836, of Geyer in 1919 and 1936, of Dal Pra in 1954, and lastly the critical reconstruction of Abelard's literal glosses by L. M. Rijk in 1956. With this handsome second edition of minor but relevant glosses of Abelard, Dal Pra aims to fill the gap still existing (...) in the previous collections. His volume includes Abelard's writings found in the Paris BN manuscripts n. 13.368 and 7493. Chronologically the former belongs to the period when Abelard was given the chair of dialectic at the University of Paris in 1114 and the latter to Abelard's more mature period when he began original speculations on the logical status of propositions in 1121. Dal Pra argues at great length that the glosses in the first manuscript are to be read as the best and only introduction to Abelard's own work on dialectic. Hence he suggests against Rijk the title Introductiones Dialecticae rather than Introductiones Parvulorum. He assembles them according to what he believes was Abelard's intellectual development at the time. They are: the glosses to Porphyrius, to Aristotle's Categories, to the De Interpretatione, and to Boethius' De Devisione. [[sic]] The second section of the volume contains the glosses Super Topica where Abelard discusses among other subjects his first position on the problem of universals. Against Geyer who had consigned these works to the literal glosses of Abelard, Dal Pra offers strong evidence for locating them in the bulk of Abelard's De Ingredientibus precisely between the De Interpretatione and the De Syllogismo Hypothetico. The modernity of Abelard's logical theory is well known among contemporary logicians. Dal Pra's finely planned and handsomely executed edition makes an excellent contribution to the history of medieval logic as well as to contemporary logical theories on names and propositions.--L. M. P. (shrink)

We are women, we are men. We are refugees, single mothers, people with disabilities, and queers. We belong to social categories and they frame our actions, self-understanding, and opportunities. But what are social categories? How are they created and sustained? How does one come to belong to them? Ásta approaches these questions through analytic feminist metaphysics. Her theory of social categories centers on an answer to the question: what is it for a feature of an individual to (...) be socially meaningful? In a careful, probing investigation, she reveals how social categories are created and sustained and demonstrates their tendency to oppress through examples from current events. To this end, she offers an account of just what social construction is and how it works in a range of examples that problematize the categories of sex, gender, and race in particular. The main idea is that social categories are conferred upon people. Ásta introduces a 'conferralist' framework in order to articulate a theory of social meaning, social construction, and most importantly, of the construction of sex, gender, race, disability, and other social categories. (shrink)