Results for 'Thomas F. Gilligan'

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  1.  6
    Lecler, Joseph, S. J., Toleration and the Reformation. [REVIEW]Thomas F. Gilligan - 1962 - Augustinianum 2 (2):373-375.
  2. Normality and actual causal strength.Thomas F. Icard, Jonathan F. Kominsky & Joshua Knobe - 2017 - Cognition 161 (C):80-93.
    Existing research suggests that people's judgments of actual causation can be influenced by the degree to which they regard certain events as normal. We develop an explanation for this phenomenon that draws on standard tools from the literature on graphical causal models and, in particular, on the idea of probabilistic sampling. Using these tools, we propose a new measure of actual causal strength. This measure accurately captures three effects of normality on causal judgment that have been observed in existing studies. (...)
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  3. Thomas Starkey's Aristocratic Reform Programme.Thomas F. Mayer - 1986 - History of Political Thought 7 (3):439-61.
  4.  40
    The Comparative reception of Darwinism.Thomas F. Glick (ed.) - 1974 - Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
    The reaction to Darwin's Origin of Species varied in many countries according to the roles played by national scientific institutions and traditions and the attitudes of religious and political groups. The contributors to this volume, including M. J. S. Hodge, David Hull, and Roberto Moreno, gathered in 1972 at an international conference on the comparative reception of Darwinism. Their essays look at early pro- and anti-Darwinism arguments, and three additional comparative essays and appendices add a larger perspective. For this paperback (...)
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  5. Bayes, Bounds, and Rational Analysis.Thomas F. Icard - 2018 - Philosophy of Science 85 (1):79-101.
    While Bayesian models have been applied to an impressive range of cognitive phenomena, methodological challenges have been leveled concerning their role in the program of rational analysis. The focus of the current article is on computational impediments to probabilistic inference and related puzzles about empirical confirmation of these models. The proposal is to rethink the role of Bayesian methods in rational analysis, to adopt an independently motivated notion of rationality appropriate for computationally bounded agents, and to explore broad conditions under (...)
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  6.  89
    The pleadings game.Thomas F. Gordon - 1993 - Artificial Intelligence and Law 2 (4):239-292.
    The Pleadings Game is a normative formalization and computational model of civil pleading, founded in Roberty Alexy''s discourse theory of legal argumentation. The consequences of arguments and counterarguments are modelled using Geffner and Pearl''s nonmonotonic logic,conditional entailment. Discourse in focussed using the concepts of issue and relevance. Conflicts between arguments can be resolved by arguing about the validity and priority of rules, at any level. The computational model is fully implemented and has been tested using examples from Article Nine of (...)
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  7.  44
    Roberto Esposito’s ‘Affirmative Biopolitics’ and the Gift.Thomas F. Tierney - 2016 - Theory, Culture and Society 33 (2):53-76.
    This article develops the affirmative biopolitics that Roberto Esposito intimates in his trilogy – Communitas, Immunitas and Bı´os. The key to this affirmative biopolitics lies in the relationship between the munus, a form of gift that is the root of communitas and immunitas, and the gift discourse that developed throughout the 20th century. The article expands upon Esposito’s interpretation of four theoretical sources that are crucial to his biopolitical perspective: Mauss and the gift-exchange tradition; Hobbes’s social contract theory, which Esposito (...)
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  8. Resource Rationality.Thomas F. Icard - manuscript
    Theories of rational decision making often abstract away from computational and other resource limitations faced by real agents. An alternative approach known as resource rationality puts such matters front and center, grounding choice and decision in the rational use of finite resources. Anticipated by earlier work in economics and in computer science, this approach has recently seen rapid development and application in the cognitive sciences. Here, the theory of rationality plays a dual role, both as a framework for normative assessment (...)
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  9.  70
    The Carneades model of argument and burden of proof.Thomas F. Gordon, Henry Prakken & Douglas Walton - 2007 - Artificial Intelligence 171 (10-15):875-896.
    We present a formal, mathematical model of argument structure and evaluation, taking seriously the procedural and dialogical aspects of argumentation. The model applies proof standards to determine the acceptability of statements on an issue-by-issue basis. The model uses different types of premises (ordinary premises, assumptions and exceptions) and information about the dialectical status of statements (stated, questioned, accepted or rejected) to allow the burden of proof to be allocated to the proponent or the respondent, as appropriate, for each premise separately. (...)
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  10.  11
    The Roman Inquisition's precept to Galileo.Thomas F. Mayer - 2010 - British Journal for the History of Science 43 (3):327-351.
    On 26 February 1616 Galileo was ordered to cease to defend heliocentrism in any way whatsoever. This order, called a precept, automatically applied to anything he might later attempt to publish on the subject. Issued at the end of his first trial by the Roman Inquisition, the precept became the spark that triggered his second trial in 1632–3 and figured importantly in the justification of his sentence. This precept has been a subject of controversy since the late nineteenth century for (...)
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  11.  3
    The Classical Priamel from Homer to Boethius.Thomas F. Curley & William H. Race - 1983 - American Journal of Philology 104 (2):211.
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  12.  18
    Introduction: From A. J. Greimas to romance semiotics today.Thomas F. Broden - 2017 - Semiotica 2017 (219):3-12.
    Journal Name: Semiotica Issue: Ahead of print.
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  13. A Simple Logic of Concepts.Thomas F. Icard & Lawrence S. Moss - 2022 - Journal of Philosophical Logic 52 (3):705-730.
    In Pietroski ( 2018 ) a simple representation language called SMPL is introduced, construed as a hypothesis about core conceptual structure. The present work is a study of this system from a logical perspective. In addition to establishing a completeness result and a complexity characterization for reasoning in the system, we also pinpoint its expressive limits, in particular showing that the fourth corner in the square of opposition (“ Some_not ”) eludes expression. We then study a seemingly small extension, called (...)
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  14.  34
    Newton, Einstein and Scientific Theology1: THOMAS F. TORRANCE.Thomas F. Torrance - 1972 - Religious Studies 8 (3):233-250.
    Everything about us today tells us that we live in a world which will be increasingly dominated by empirical and theoretic science. This is the world in which the Church lives and proclaims its message about Jesus Christ. It is not an alien world, for it is in this world of space and time that God has planted us. He made the universe and endowed man with gifts to investigate and understand it. Just as he made life to produce itself, (...)
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  15.  31
    Representing argumentation schemes with Constraint Handling Rules.Thomas F. Gordon, Horst Friedrich & Douglas Walton - 2018 - Argument and Computation 9 (2):91-119.
    We present a high-level declarative programming language for representing argumentation schemes, where schemes represented in this language can be easily validated by domain experts, including developers of argumentation schemes in informal logic and philosophy, and serve as executable specifications for automatically constructing arguments, when applied to a set of assumptions. This new rule language for representing argumentation schemes is validated by using it to represent twenty representative argumentation schemes.
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  16.  20
    Félix de Azara: the Myth of the Isolated Genius in Spanish Science.Thomas F. Glick & David M. Quinlan - 1975 - Journal of the History of Biology 8 (1):67 - 83.
  17. Beyond the Senses: How Self-Directed Speech and Word Meaning Structure Impact Executive Functioning and Theory of Mind in Individuals With Hearing and Language Problems.Thomas F. Camminga, Daan Hermans, Eliane Segers & Constance T. W. M. Vissers - 2021 - Frontiers in Psychology 12.
    Many individuals with developmental language disorder (DLD) and individuals who are deaf or hard of hearing (D/HH) have social–emotional problems, such as social difficulties, and show signs of aggression, depression, and anxiety. These problems can be partly associated with their executive functions (EFs) and theory of mind (ToM). The difficulties of both groups in EF and ToM may in turn be related to self-directed speech (i.e., overt or covert speech that is directed at the self). Self-directed speech is thought to (...)
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  18.  40
    Criteria for evaluating hypotheses regarding information processing and schizophrenia.Thomas F. Oltmanns - 1982 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 5 (4):610-611.
  19.  77
    Pragmatic Considerations on Comparative Probability.Thomas F. Icard - 2016 - Philosophy of Science 83 (3):348-370.
    While pragmatic arguments for numerical probability axioms have received much attention, justifications for axioms of qualitative probability have been less discussed. We offer an argument for the requirement that an agent’s qualitative judgments be probabilistically representable, inspired by, but importantly different from, the Money Pump argument for transitivity of preference and Dutch book arguments for quantitative coherence. The argument is supported by a theorem, to the effect that a subject is systematically susceptible to dominance given her preferred acts, if and (...)
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  20.  8
    Generating multiple new designs from a sketch.Thomas F. Stahovich, Randall Davis & Howard Shrobe - 1998 - Artificial Intelligence 104 (1-2):211-264.
  21. The activities of teaching.Thomas F. Green - 1971 - New York,: McGraw-Hill.
  22.  29
    Models of the relationship of the firm to society.Thomas F. McMahon - 1986 - Journal of Business Ethics 5 (3):181 - 191.
    Authors of books on business ethics and corporate social responsibility fall into two general approaches when they answer the question: Why should a business firm, which represents private property, have greater obligations to the local community than an ordinary citizen? Authors generally subscribe to a rights approach or to a power model. This paper will present four rights approaches and three power models which are used to describe the relationship of the firm to society. Introducing these different approaches and models (...)
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  23.  27
    Response.Thomas F. Martin - 2002 - Augustinian Studies 33 (2):271-275.
  24.  24
    The censoring of Galileo’s Sunspot Letters and the first phase of his trial.Thomas F. Mayer - 2011 - Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part A 42 (1):1-10.
    Galileo’s Sunspot Letters, published in 1613, underwent extensive censorship before publication. It seems likely that the Roman Inquisition had charge of the pre-publication review of Galileo’s work, rather than the usual organ, the Master of the Sacred Palace. A study of that process demonstrates that the issue to which the censors objected was Galileo’s use of the bible, not his allegiance to Copernicus. In the course of the first phase of Galileo’s trial, orchestrated by one of the most powerful Cardinal (...)
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  25.  5
    A Brief History of American Business Ethics.Thomas F. McMahon - 1999 - In Robert Frederick (ed.), A companion to business ethics. Malden, Mass.: Blackwell. pp. 342–352.
    This chapter contains sections titled: Origins and underlying ideologies 1700–1776 Earlier American business ethics 1777–1890 A mature American business ethics 1891–1963 The rise of social issues in business ethics 1962–1970 Business ethics as a specific discipline American business ethics as global Conclusion.
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  26.  35
    Classic cases - global disasters: Inquiries into management ethics.Thomas F. Mcmahon & Robert E. Allinson - 2002 - Business Ethics Quarterly 12 (1):99-104.
    This book review outlines and critiques Robert Allinson's book _Global Disasters: Inquiries into Management Ethics_ (New York: Prentice Hall, 1993). The reviewer first outlines the structure of the book and then moves on to discussing the main arguments of the book, including but not limited to the distinctions between "monocausality" and "multi-causality" and "scapegoating" and "multiple responsibility" that Allinson highlights. Central to Allinson's argument is the thesis that problems in management (and the disasters that often result from them) are conceptual (...)
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  27. Space, Time and Incarnation.Thomas F. Torrance - 1969 - Tijdschrift Voor Filosofie 33 (3):595-596.
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  28.  14
    Thucydides and Tyranny.Thomas F. Scanlon - 1987 - Classical Antiquity 6 (2):286-301.
  29.  16
    Machine Impostors Can Avoid Human Detection and Interrupt the Formation of Stable Conventions by Imitating Past Interactions: A Minimal Turing Test.Thomas F. Müller, Levin Brinkmann, James Winters & Niccolò Pescetelli - 2023 - Cognitive Science 47 (4):e13288.
    Interactions between humans and bots are increasingly common online, prompting some legislators to pass laws that require bots to disclose their identity. The Turing test is a classic thought experiment testing humans’ ability to distinguish a bot impostor from a real human from exchanging text messages. In the current study, we propose a minimal Turing test that avoids natural language, thus allowing us to study the foundations of human communication. In particular, we investigate the relative roles of conventions and reciprocal (...)
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  30.  6
    Identifying Public Affairs Resources.Thomas F. Roeser - 1982 - Business and Society 21 (1):7-10.
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  31. What buildings do.Thomas F. Gieryn - 2002 - Theory and Society 31 (1):35-74.
  32.  29
    Vulnerability: Reflection on its ethical implications for the protection of participants in SAMHSA programs.Thomas F. Mcgovern - 1998 - Ethics and Behavior 8 (4):293 – 304.
    The vulnerability of participants in Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) programs is a consequence of the illnesses that they are experiencing; ethical guarantees must be in place that ensure the dignity of the persons involved in such programs. Dignity is more than an individual concern; it has individual, institutional, and societal dimensions. An ethical framework is proposed that involves the interrelated vulnerabilities and needs of individuals and communities and our societal response to them. Among the issues given (...)
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  33.  46
    Lifeboat Ethics in Business.Thomas F. McMahon - 2000 - Business Ethics Quarterly 10 (1):269-276.
    Lifeboat ethics is an anomalous concept that has been applied to many different situations, such as overpopulation. In thispresentation, Lifeboat Ethics is applied to plant closings (Darlington, Amoco/Neodesha, Chrysler/Kenosha) and downsizing (BP Amoco). The power of the decision maker—not the rights of the employees—determines who will remain, who will be forced overboard, and who will be invited in.
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  34.  2
    Introduction.Thomas F. Gieryn - 1993 - Science, Technology and Human Values 18 (1):3-4.
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  35.  7
    Quality in Science. Marcel C. La Follette.Thomas F. Gieryn - 1983 - Isis 74 (4):585-586.
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  36.  3
    On the Influence of Kircher in Spain.Thomas F. Glick - 1971 - Isis 62 (3):379-381.
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  37.  7
    The Nature of Change in Geographical Ideas. Brian J. L. Berry.Thomas F. Glick & Jonathan Olsson - 1980 - Isis 71 (3):497-498.
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  38.  44
    Meta-perception for pathological personality traits: Do we know when others think that we are difficult?Thomas F. Oltmanns, Marci E. J. Gleason, E. David Klonsky & Eric Turkheimer - 2005 - Consciousness and Cognition 14 (4):739-751.
    The self allows us to reflect on our own behavior and to imagine what others think of us. Clinical experience suggests that these abilities may be impaired in people with personality disorders. They do not recognize the impact that their behavior has on others, and they have difficulty understanding how they are seen by others. We collected information regarding pathological personality traits—using both self and peer report measures—from groups of people who knew each other well . In previous papers, we (...)
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  39.  7
    Race, Ethics, and the Social Scientist.Thomas F. Pettigrew - 1979 - Hastings Center Report 9 (5):15-18.
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  40.  82
    A Carneades reconstruction of Popov v Hayashi.Thomas F. Gordon & Douglas Walton - 2012 - Artificial Intelligence and Law 20 (1):37-56.
    Carneades is an open source argument mapping application and a programming library for building argumentation support tools. In this paper, Carneades’ support for argument reconstruction, evaluation and visualization is illustrated by modeling most of the factual and legal arguments in Popov v Hayashi.
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  41.  27
    The Influence of Shared Visual Context on the Successful Emergence of Conventions in a Referential Communication Task.Thomas F. Müller, James Winters & Olivier Morin - 2019 - Cognitive Science 43 (9).
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  42.  19
    Augustine of Hippo: The Role of the Laity in Ecclesial Reconciliation.Thomas F. Martin - 2007 - Augustinian Studies 38 (2):453-454.
  43.  6
    RESPONSE: Augustine and Augustinians Consultation on “Pelagianism”.Thomas F. Martin - 2002 - Augustinian Studies 33 (2):271-275.
  44. Epistemic virtues of harnessing rigorous machine learning systems in ethically sensitive domains.Thomas F. Burns - 2023 - Journal of Medical Ethics 49 (8):547-548.
    Some physicians, in their care of patients at risk of misusing opioids, use machine learning (ML)-based prediction drug monitoring programmes (PDMPs) to guide their decision making in the prescription of opioids. This can cause a conflict: a PDMP Score can indicate a patient is at a high risk of opioid abuse while a patient expressly reports oppositely. The prescriber is then left to balance the credibility and trust of the patient with the PDMP Score. Pozzi1 argues that a prescriber who (...)
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  45. Suicidal thoughts: Hobbes, Foucault and the right to die.Thomas F. Tierney - 2006 - Philosophy and Social Criticism 32 (5):601-638.
    Liberal articulations of the right to die generally focus on balancing individual rights against state interests, but this approach does not take full advantage of the disruptive potential of this contested right. This article develops an alternative to the liberal approach to the right to die by engaging the seemingly discordant philosophical perspectives of Michel Foucault and Thomas Hobbes. Despite Foucault’s objections, a rapprochement between these perspectives is established by focusing on their shared emphasis on the role that death (...)
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  46.  8
    Paris Semiotics on Signs and Sonnets.Thomas F. Broden - 1993 - Semiotics:355-365.
  47.  30
    The way of the world: readings in Chinese philosophy.Thomas F. Cleary (ed.) - 2009 - Boston: Shambhala.
    An accessible volume of writings on Taoist approaches to the dynamic between individuals and society includes famous prose and verse entries from a variety of ...
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  48.  51
    Special Issue: The Phenomenological Psychological Method of Amedeo P. Giorgi.Thomas F. Cloonan - 2012 - Journal of Phenomenological Psychology 43 (1):1-2.
  49.  12
    A. J. Greimas in the world: travels, translations, transmissions.Thomas F. Broden - 2021 - Semiotica 2021 (243):187-228.
    This essay adopts a semiotic perspective focused on practices of communication, movement, and translation to examine the global impact of A. J. Greimas and his oeuvre. The linguist and semiotician’s lecture trips abroad, the number and provenance of international students in his Paris seminar, and the chronology and linguistic geography of translations of his work help describe, gauge, and explain the dissemination and development of his ideas throughout the world. His project has engendered distinctive appropriations and at times productive institutional (...)
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  50. Voices: The Educational Formation of Conscience.Thomas F. Green - 2001 - Philosophical Quarterly 51 (204):414-417.
     
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