La tragédie a été pour Jean-Pierre Vernant un objet d’étude important et récurrent. Cet article propose de revenir sur sa caractérisation comme moment, et sur le statut du tragique qui en est le strict produit. Car, si le moment désigne d’abord une période historique de transition qui rend compte, selon les problématiques intellectuelles du temps de Vernant, à la fois d’un contexte et d’une série d’innovations, il se révèle aussi un moyen d’aborder philosophiquement le tragique, à travers une figure originale (...) des catégories de volonté et de conscience. Cependant, cette approche se révèle aussi une source de tensions, du fait de la dimension inhibitrice du moment historique et des contradictions qu’il engendre, tant dans l’analyse conceptuelle du tragique, que dans la méthode de Vernant. (shrink)

The « problem of Cratylus » consists in the difficulty of combining his two main theseis, that is the universal flow and the natural rectitude of nouns. Aim of this paper is to show that this evolution can be recomposed more precisely than it used to be. The first step of Cratylus’ thought is an etymological and lexical attempt to find the logos contained in the noun, which expresses its true nature, following a method already used by Heraclitus. Considering the (...) deficiencies of this solution, and particularly the problem of the fixity of the meaning of nouns by comparison with verbs which indicate a movement, Cratylus explorated a syntactical way to mould the flow of the reality into the flow of the language itself. This peculiar language is based on the use of neutral present participles. But once again some difficulties, maybe derived from the consideration of Eleatic arguments on the impossibility for language, as runnig after thing, to move and change as fast as the reality does, force Cratylus to leave out this project. This respect for the Heraclitean flow leads him to modify in a more radical sense the Heraclitus’ river flow formula and to search refuge in silence. The evolution of Cratylus, hence, would testify to the presence in Athens of an Heraclitean circle, which is not impermeable to the arguments of the Eleatic followers and which contributes both to reduce the doctrine of Heraclitus to the theory of flow and to contrast it with that of Parmenides and Zeno. (shrink)

En choisissant de s’intéresser au concept de stasis chez Aristote, E. Rogan (E. R.) nous invite en fait à une relecture complète des Politiques à partir de ce concept essentiel, mais souvent négligé et mal compris. Si la stasis a suscité un certain intérêt depuis une trentaine d’années, ce n’est pourtant pas sur l’œuvre d’Aristote, mais surtout sur celle de ses prédécesseurs – essentiellement Thucydide et Platon – que la recherche semble s’être concentrée. Donnant toute sa place au mot d’ordr...

Avec le premier volume d’une future trilogie consacrée respectivement aux trois principaux « carrefours » du « penser » de Cornelius Castoriadis (C. C.), la polis, la psychè et le logos, Sophie Klimis (S. K.) nous propose en réalité une enquête sur notre modernité à travers la notion castoriadienne de « figure du pensable (eidos) social-historique ». Selon elle, l’un des mérites de C. C. est d’avoir saisi que notre modernité est complexe, articulant à une « modernité des Modernes », (...) le capita... (shrink)

The way in which securities are traded is very different from the idealized picture of a frictionless and self-equilibrating market offered by the typical finance textbook. Market Liquidity offers a more accurate and authoritative take on liquidity and price discovery. The authors start from the assumption that not everyone is present at all times simultaneously on the market, and that even the limited number of participants who are have quite diverse information about the security's fundamentals. As a result, the order (...) flow is a complex mix of information and noise, and a consensus price only emerges gradually over time as the trading process evolves and the participants interpret the actions of other traders. Thus a security's actual transaction price may deviate from its fundamental value, as it would be assessed by a fully informed set of investors. This book takes these deviations seriously, and explains why and how they emerge in the trading process and are eventually eliminated. The authors draw on a vast body of theoretical insights and empirical findings on security price formation that have accumulated in the last thirty years, and have come to form a well-defined field within financial economics known as 'market microstructure.' Focusing on liquidity and price discovery, they analyze the tension between the two, pointing out that when price-relevant information reaches the market through trading pressure rather than through a public announcement, liquidity suffers. The book also confronts many puzzling phenomena in securities markets and uses the analytical tools and empirical methods of market microstructure to understand them. These include issues such as why liquidity changes over time, why large trades move prices up or down, and why these price changes are subsequently reversed, why we see concentration of securities trading, why some traders willingly disclose their intended trades while others hide them, and why we observe temporary deviations from arbitrage prices. (shrink)

Ce recueil d'études met en rapport deux mutations caractéristiques de la période d'élaboration de la philosophie moderne : le foisonnement des discours polémiques sur les animaux, leur nature, leurs facultés cognitives et morales, etc. ; la mutation d'ordre anthropologique qui s'appuie sur la nature et l'animal pour mieux comprendre la nature de l'homme et son rapport au monde.

Formal topology aims at developing general topology in intuitionistic and predicative mathematics. Many classical results of general topology have been already brought into the realm of constructive mathematics by using formal topology and also new light on basic topological notions was gained with this approach which allows distinction which are not expressible in classical topology. Here we give a systematic exposition of one of the main tools in formal topology: inductive generation. In fact, many formal topologies can be presented in (...) a predicative way by an inductive generation and thus their properties can be proved inductively. We show however that some natural complete Heyting algebra cannot be inductively defined. (shrink)

Valorising the biocultural heritage of common goods could enable peasant farmers to achieve socially and economically inclusive sustainability. Increasingly appreciated by consumers, peasant heritage products offer small farmers promising opportunities for economic, social and territorial development. Identifying the obstacles and levers of this complex, multi-scale and multi-stakeholder objective requires an integrative framework. We applied the panarchy conceptual framework to two cases of participatory research with small quinoa producers: a local fair in Chile and quinoa export production in Bolivia. In both (...) cases, the “commoning” process was crucial both to bring stakeholders together inside their communities and to gain outside recognition for their production and thus achieve social and economic inclusion. Despite the differences in scale, the local fair and the export market shared a similar marketing strategy based on short value chains promoting quality products with high identity value. In these dynamics of biocultural heritage valorisation, the panarchical approach revealed the central place as well as the vulnerability of the community territory. As a place of both anchoring and opening, the community territory is the privileged space where autonomous and consensual control over the governance of common biocultural resources can be exercised. (shrink)

The essential junkiness of our culture and biology.

Thierry Meynard examines how the Jesuits in China came to understand the Confucian tradition, and how they offered the first complete translation of the Lunyu in the West, in the Confucius Sinarum Philosophus.

Pauchant's book emerges from a forum on International Management, Ethics, and Spirituality, the first of its kind to be held at an internationally recognized business school, and represents the thinking of six CEOs and six scholars of ethics and spirituality from Australia, Canada, the United States, and Switzerland.

. The effort in providing constructive and predicative meaning to non-constructive modes of reasoning has almost without exception been applied to theories with full classical logic [4]. In this paper we show how to combine unrestricted countable choice, induction on infinite well-founded trees and restricted classical logic in constructively given models. These models are sheaf models over a $\sigma$ -complete Boolean algebra, whose topologies are generated by finite or countable covering relations. By a judicious choice of the Boolean algebra we (...) can directly extract effective content from $\Pi_2^0$ -statements true in the model. All the arguments of the present paper can be formalised in Martin-Löf's constructive type theory with generalised inductive definitions. (shrink)

Comment Descartes a-t-il pu nier l'évidence de sa dette à l'égard du cogito d'Augustin, et Jacques Hadamard s'accuser, à l'inverse, de ne pas avoir découvert la relativité avant Einstein? Qu'est-ce qui pouvait bien justifier Lacan, lorsqu'il osait affirmer que l'inconscient n'est pas de Freud, mais de lui... De même, côté art : on se demande pourquoi Borges a voulu faire de Ménard l'auteur du Quichotte ou Duchamp devenir celui d'un urinoir. Thierry Marchaisse prouve ici que l'on peut devenir le (...) véritable auteur de l'idée d'un autre, et que ce paradoxe, avancé par Pascal voilà plus de trois siècles, est à la fois le verrou et la clé de la logique de la créativité. (shrink)

The review adresses the relationship between sport expertise (i.e., sport competition level), postural performance (amount of motion of the centre of mass/of pressure of foot or ability to preserve body balance) and postural strategy (geometric organization of different body segments as well as neurobiological involvement of organism). Since the conditions of postural evaluation are likely to influence results, the aim is to compare athletes at different competition levels in ecological postural conditions (specific postural conditions related to the sport practiced) and (...) non-ecological postural conditions (decontextualized postural conditions in relation to the sport practiced). Evidence suggests that the most successful athletes in terms of sport competition level have the best postural performance both in ecological and non-ecological postural conditions. However, in non-ecological conditions the postural tasks should be preferentially challenging or relatively close to the sport practice stance. Moreover, the most successful athletes also have more elaborate postural strategies compared with athletes at lower competition level. Mechanistic explanations as well as conceptual models are proposed to explain the role of different factors influencing the relationship between sport expertise and postural performance and strategy. (shrink)

The paper reviews methods, and their difficulties, in the measurement of the daily energy expenditure of rural women under field conditions in developing countries. Since all methods need to be validated against a reference method which is usually based on indirect calorimetry, examples of the use of this technique are given. The energy costs of most agricultural and daily tasks of rural women in developing countries have been measured. Large intra- and inter-individual variations in the cost of a single activity (...) occur, so repeated measurements are needed to obtain a valid mean energy cost for a specific activity for a homogeneous group of individuals.Much work remains to be done on the assessment of the duration and the intensity of the physical activity of the rural adolescent and adult female population. Studies indicate that the workload of most rural women in developing countries is excessive and frequently associated with acute poverty. (shrink)

Le droit court derrière la "révolution numérique". Les algorithmes nous espionnent et restreignent les libertés publiques, ils calculent les indemnités au service des compagnies d'assurance. La diminution lente et continue des services chargés de veiller à l'application du droit affaiblit et parfois anéantit l'efficacité de ces lois. L'échec de la loi Hadopi est significatif à cet égard. Le mal est en fait bien plus profond et ne date pas d'hier. Nous vivons une époque de démolition des codes établis. Si le (...) droit est partout, en définitive il n'est nulle part... (shrink)

Cette étude analyse les réponses orales de 63 élèves français de 9-11 ans lors d’une tâche de vocabulaire du type définition de mots. La performance globale, mais aussi l’organisation et l’accessibilité des informations catégorielles, fonctionnelles ou perceptives sont examinées en considérant l’origine sociale des enfants. Les résultats quantitatifs de l’étude confirment ceux obtenus par les recherches sur la relation entre milieu socio-économique et étendue du vocabulaire. Les données qualitatives, tirées de l’analyse de la structure de 567 définitions, mettent en évidence (...) des différences modérées de l’évolution vers la forme canonique de la définition, selon la classe sociale. Ceci interroge nos manières de penser l’enseignement-apprentissage du vocabulaire et invite à explorer plus avant les mécanismes en jeu dans l’inégal accès à la connaissance de la signification des mots. (shrink)

This study was aimed at explaining how and under what conditions surface similarity leads to the retrieval of an analogous base problem in LTM. Some elements of a theory of the organisation of knowledge in memory are proposed. Two levels of representation are distinguished. The first level represents directly accessible, local surface properties. The second level represents more abstract information pertaining to the category with which each analogous problem can be associated. Some results will be described showing that access to (...) an analogue in LTM based on surface properties is determined by the existence of a similarity at a higher level of abstraction. This is a search-area effect, in that categorical information seems to delimit a memory search space, within which the connection between local surface properties is more likely to be made. (shrink)

When town planning emerged at the end of the 19th century, its proponents did not envisage the city without nature. Some, such as Ebenezer Howard, believed the garden city would become the new face of the urban landscape, bringing together only the positive aspects of both city and country. Others, health experts and rationalists, advocated functional planning, where the ‘green space’ was part of the overall plan. And so nature was not forgotten. But what ‘nature’? A ‘nature’ external to the (...) town-dweller, like an ornament or decoration? Something that enhanced the built environment and not the very condition of our existence as human beings? Behind the planners’ inclusion of ‘nature’ lie very different intentions, from one period to another and one culture to another. The globalized, standardized ‘nature’ that was subsequently part of marketing the city is just an image; whether wild or tamed, it is no longer localized, no longer a partner in our condition as denizens of the earth. Thierry Paquot examines these continuing processes of change. (shrink)

The aim of this paper is to study the monotonicity properties with respect to the probability distribution of the state processes, of optimal decisions in bandit decision problems. Orderings of dynamic discrete projects are provided by extending the notion of stochastic dominance to stochastic processes.

The present paper examines how discursive representations and emotive constructions underpin an argumentative dynamic that emerges from apparently non-argumentative statements, like those found in newspaper headlines. Our data comes from Greek broadsheet newspapers in the polarized context of the Greek crisis. First, we outline an analytic synergy that scrutinizes representational meaning and the semiotization of emotions in headlines. We then move towards the reconstruction of the inferential passage, contained in the headlines, that unites the implicit standpoint with its supporting argument.

In this interview, Anne Fagot-Largeault discusses with Thierry Bardini her recollections of the life and work of French philosopher Gilbert Simondon. The discussion covers Simondon’s theory of individuation and considers its influences on contemporary thinkers such as Gilles Deleuze and François Laruelle. Fagot-Largeault situates Simondon’s thinking within the broader context of 20th-century biological research and the development of life sciences. Informed by her personal association and experiences working with Simondon, her reminiscences shed light on the unique character of Simondon (...) as a person and as a thinker. (shrink)

Toute nation participant à la division internationale du travail retire nécessairement un gain économique supérieur à une situation d’autarcie. C’est le message fondamental, normatif, de toutes les écoles théoriques ayant œuvré à la compréhension des fondements de l’échange entre les pays. Le protectionnisme est par conséquent très souvent vilipendé par les économistes qui y voient un frein à la circulation internationale des biens et des services, bloquant ainsi la croissance, l’emploi et l’élévation des niveaux de vie. Le questionnement actuel portant (...) sur les gains que les nations et les populations ont réellement retiré de la mondialisation, sur les inégalités que cette mondialisation aurait occasionnées, suggèrent de rouvrir l’œuvre de Johann Gottlieb Fichte, qui, pour avoir été présent dans certaines écoles de pensée économique, est aujourd’hui totalement absent. Dans L’État commercial fermé, il adresse en effet une critique virulente aux économistes qui, soit prônent le libre-échange, soit le protectionnisme. Fichte estimait que les avancées de la métaphysique devaient être appliquées à la vie réelle. C’est pourquoi son ouvrage contient l’une des premières doctrines du socialisme d’État. La situation présente de la mondialisation peut redonner du lustre à une approche aujourd’hui oubliée des économistes. (shrink)

'The Matrix Project' comprises two contexts, namely photographic work of architect Thierry Lagrange and the self-reflective trajectory that he developed during his doctorate at KULeuven. Lagrange's practice-based research developed to an autonomous artistic project, in which he studied the signification and nature of observation within a creative process. Through his multifaceted practice as an architect, photographer and researcher, Lagrange developed 'The Matrix Method'; a method that stimulates creativity within different contexts and can be implemented for example in art education. (...) For the Matrix Project, 25 years' worth of photographs was entered into a context of research and presents a new perspective on different ways of seeing in our present visual culture. (shrink)

Etudier le probleme de la personne, c'est s'interesser a un probleme qui traverse a peu pres tous les domaines de la philosophie, depuis la psychologie jusqu'a la theologie en passant par l'ethique et par le droit, mais dont le denominateur commun est la definition du soi-meme. Etudier ce probleme chez Maimonide, c'est voir comment un philosophe juif du Moyen-Age pouvait elaborer une representation coherente de l'homme en s'appuyant a la fois sur la pensee greco-arabe et sur la tradition hebraique. Ce (...) livre espere contribuer a une meilleure comprehension d'un philosophe dont on a trop souvent fragmente la pensee, apparemment dechiree entre des sources contradictoires. En fait, Maimonide a su developper un dialogue critique entre deux heritages qui demeurent aux fondements de la civilisation occidentale. C'est ce qui donne a sa pensee son caractere eminemment actuel. (shrink)