Results for 'Peter Lyth'

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  1.  62
    The mystery of the universe.Peter Lyth - 2009 - Think 8 (23):21-26.
    The ‘why’ question is very deep seated in human nature. Children indeed are always asking such questions: Why is there lightning and thunder? Why is there the sun and moon? Sometimes they ask questions which confound their mentors: e.g. ‘Why is there a universe?’.
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  2.  19
    Inference to the best explanation.Peter Lipton - 1991 - New York: Routledge.
    "How do we go about weighing evidence, testing hypotheses and making inferences? According to the model of 'inference to the Best explanation', we work out what to inter from the evidence by thinking about what would actually explain that evidence, and we take the ability of a hypothesis to explain the evidence as a sign that the hypothesis is correct. In inference to the Best Explanation, Peter Lipton gives this important and influential idea the development and assessment it deserves." (...)
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  3.  97
    The Architecture of the Mind:Massive Modularity and the Flexibility of Thought: Massive Modularity and the Flexibility of Thought.Peter Carruthers - 2006 - New York: Oxford University Press UK.
    This book is a comprehensive development and defense of one of the guiding assumptions of evolutionary psychology: that the human mind is composed of a large number of semi-independent modules. The Architecture of the Mind has three main goals. One is to argue for massive mental modularity. Another is to answer a 'How possibly?' challenge to any such approach. The first part of the book lays out the positive case supporting massive modularity. It also outlines how the thesis should best (...)
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  4. All the power in the world.Peter K. Unger - 2006 - New York: Oxford University Press.
    This bold and original work of philosophy presents an exciting new picture of concrete reality. Peter Unger provocatively breaks with what he terms the conservatism of present-day philosophy, and returns to central themes from Descartes, Locke, Berkeley, Hume and Russell. Wiping the slate clean, Unger works, from the ground up, to formulate a new metaphysic capable of accommodating our distinctly human perspective. He proposes a world with inherently powerful particulars of two basic sorts: one mental but not physical, the (...)
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  5.  8
    Nicht gerettet: Versuche nach Heidegger.Peter Sloterdijk - 2001 - Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp.
    Von Peter Sloterdijk kann man zu Recht sagen, daß jeder seiner Aufsätze, jeder seiner Vorträge auch ein ungeschriebenes Buch ist.
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  6.  57
    Knowing the Past: Philosophical Issues of History and Archaeology.Peter Kosso - 2001 - Humanity Books.
    How can we know what really happened in the distant past in places like ancient Egypt, Mesopotamia, Palestine, Greece, and Rome, especially since the evidence is fragmentary and ancient cultures are so different from our own frame of reference? Scholars may examine historical documents and archaeological artifacts, and then make reasonable inferences. But in the final analysis there can be no absolute certainty about events far removed from present reality, and the past must be reconstructed by means of hypotheses that (...)
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  7.  56
    Plurality, Conjunction and Events.Peter Lasersohn - 1994 - Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
    Plurality, Conjunction and Events presents a novel theory of plural and conjoined phrases, in an event-based semantic framework. It begins by reviewing options for treating the alternation between `collective' and `distributive' readings of sentences containing plural or conjoined noun phrases, including analyses from both the modern and the premodern literature. It is argued that plural and conjoined noun phrases are unambiguously group-denoting, and that the collective/distributive distinction therefore must be located in the predicates with which these noun phrases combine. More (...)
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  8. The Epistemic Circumstances of Democracy.Fabienne Peter - 2016 - In Miranda Fricker Michael Brady (ed.), The Epistemic Life of Groups. Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press. pp. 133 - 149.
    Does political decision-making require experts or can a democracy be trusted to make correct decisions? This question has a long-standing tradition in political philosophy, going back at least to Plato’s Republic. Critics of democracy tend to argue that democracy cannot be trusted in this way while advocates tend to argue that it can. Both camps agree that it is the epistemic quality of the outcomes of political decision-making processes that underpins the legitimacy of political institutions. In recent political philosophy, epistemic (...)
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  9. Contextualism and the new linguistic turn in epistemology.Peter Ludlow - 2005 - In Gerhard Preyer & Georg Peter (eds.), Contextualism in philosophy: knowledge, meaning, and truth. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 11--51.
     
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  10.  29
    A history and philosophy of the social sciences.Peter T. Manicas - 1987 - New York, USA: Blackwell.
  11.  15
    Respecting Toleration: Traditional Liberalism and Contemporary Diversity.Peter Balint - 2017 - Oxford University Press UK.
    The question of toleration matters more than ever. The politics of the twenty-first century is replete with both the successes and, all too often, the failures of toleration. Yet a growing number of thinkers and practitioners have argued against toleration. Some believe that liberal democracies are better served by different principles, such as respect of, or recognition for, people's ways of life. Others argue that because the liberal state should be entirely neutral or indifferent towards people's ways of life, it (...)
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  12.  57
    Catching Capital: The Ethics of Tax Competition.Peter Dietsch (ed.) - 2015 - New York, US: Oxford University Press USA.
    Rich people stash away trillions of dollars in tax havens like Switzerland, the Cayman Islands, or Singapore. Multinational corporations shift their profits to low-tax jurisdictions like Ireland or Panama to avoid paying tax. Recent stories in the media about Apple, Google, Starbucks, and Fiat are just the tip of the iceberg. There is hardly any multinational today that respects not just the letter but also the spirit of tax laws. All this becomes possible due to tax competition, with countries strategically (...)
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  13.  94
    Why culture is common, but cultural evolution is rare.Peter Richerson - manuscript
    If culture is defined as variation acquired and maintained by social learning, then culture is common in nature. However, cumulative cultural evolution resulting in behaviors that no individual could invent on their own is limited to humans, song birds, and perhaps chimpanzees. Circumstantial evidence suggests that cumulative cultural evolution requires the capacity for observational learning. Here, we analyze two models the evolution of psychological capacities that allow cumulative cultural evolution. Both models suggest that the conditions which allow the evolution of (...)
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  14. Perception and its Objects.Peter F. Strawson - 2000 - In Sven Bernecker & Fred I. Dretske (eds.), Knowledge: readings in contemporary epistemology. New York: Oxford University Press.
     
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  15.  73
    Nietzsche and metaphysics.Peter Poellner - 1995 - New York: Oxford University Press.
    Poellner here offers a comprehensive interpretation of Nietzsche's later ideas on epistemology and metaphysics, drawing extensively not only on his published works but also his voluminous notebooks, largely unpublished in English. He examines Nietzsche's various distinct lines of thought on the traditionally central areas of philosophy and shows in what specific sense Nietzsche, as he himself claimed, might be said to have moved beyond these questions. He pays considerable attention throughout both to the historical context of Nietzsche's writings and to (...)
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  16.  65
    Causation in context.Peter Menzies - 2007 - In Huw Price & Richard Corry (eds.), Causation, Physics and the Constitution of Reality: Russell’s Republic Revisited. New York: Oxford University Press.
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  17.  66
    Where is the wisdom? I – A conceptual history of evidence‐based medicine.Peter C. Wyer & Suzana A. Silva - 2009 - Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice 15 (6):891-898.
  18.  37
    Voluntarism and early modern science.Peter Harrison - 2002 - History of Science 40 (1):63-89.
  19.  13
    Kant on God.Peter Byrne - 2007 - Ashgate Pub Co.
    Peter Byrne presents a detailed study of the role of the concept of God in Kant's Critical Philosophy. After a preliminary survey of the major interpretative disputes over the understanding of Kant on God, Byrne explores his critique of philosophical proofs of God¿s existence. Examining Kant¿s account of religious language, Byrne highlights both the realist and anti-realist elements contained within it. The notion of the highest good is then explored, with its constituent elements - happiness and virtue, in pursuit (...)
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  20.  82
    Non-World Indices and Assessment-Sensitivity.Peter Lasersohn - 2013 - Inquiry: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Philosophy 56 (2-3):122-148.
    I argue that sentence contents should be assigned truth-values relative to parameters other than a possible world only if those parameters are fixed by the context of assessment rather than the context of use. Standard counterexamples, including tense, de se attitudes, and knowledge ascriptions, all admit of alternative analyses which do not make use of such parameters. Moreover, allowing such indices greatly complicates the task of defining disagreement, and forces an odd separation between what is true, and what someone has (...)
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  21.  22
    Interperspectival Content.Peter Ludlow - 2019 - Oxford: Oxford University Press.
    We often find ourselves communicating from radically different perspectives on the world. In this new book Ludlow explains how we successfully communicate across some radically diverse perspectival positions, including diverse temporal, spatial and personal positions, through our use of cognitive dynamics.
  22.  3
    Philosophical Darwinism: On the Origin of Knowledge by Means of Natural Selection.Peter Munz - 1993 - New York: Routledge.
    Philosophers have not taken the evolution of human beings seriously enough. If they did, argues Peter Munz, many long standing philosophical problems would be resolved. One of philosophical concequences of biology is that all the knowledge produced in evolution is a priori, i.e., established hypothetically by chance mutation and selective retention, not by observation and intelligent induction. For organisms as embodied theories, selection is natural and for theories as disembodied organisms, it is artificial. Following Popper, the growth of knowledge (...)
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  23.  42
    Emotion and Motivation: Toward Consensus Definitions and a Common Research Purpose.Peter J. Lang - 2010 - Emotion Review 2 (3):229-233.
    Historically, the hypothesis driving emotion research has been that emotion’s data-base—in language, physiology, and behavior— is organized around specific mental states, as reflected in evaluative language. It is suggested that this approach has not greatly advanced a natural science of emotion and that the developing motivational model of emotion defines a better path: emotion is an evolved trait founded on motivational neural circuitry shared by mammalian species, primitively prompting heightened perceptual processing and reflex mobilization for action to appetitive or threatening (...)
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  24. Is explanation a guide to inference? A reply to Wesley salmon.Peter Lipton - 2001 - In Giora Hon (ed.), The Why and How of Explanation: An Analytical Exposition. Springer.
    Earlier in this volume, Wesley Salmon has given a characteristically clear and trenchant critique of the account of non-demonstrative reasoning known by the slogan `Inference to the Best Explanation'. As a long-time fan of the idea that explanatory considerations are a guide to inference, I was delighted by the suggestion that Wes and I might work together on a discussion of the issues. In the event, this project has exceeded my high expectations, for in addition to the intellectual gain that (...)
     
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  25. Alienation, consequentialism, and the demands of morality.Peter Railton - 1988 - In Samuel Scheffler (ed.), Consequentialism and its critics. New York: Oxford University Press.
     
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  26.  35
    The ephebic oath in fifth-century Athens.Peter Siewert - 1977 - Journal of Hellenic Studies 97:102-111.
    To defend the fatherland, to obey the laws and authorities, and to honour the State's cults are the principal points the Athenian citizen promised to fulfil in his oath of allegiance—called ephebic, because he took it as a recruit —at least since the second half of the fourth century B.C.. These duties are fundamental for the citizen's attachment to hispolis, so one will hardly assume that the content of the oath depends upon the existence of the Athenian institution of cadet-training (...)
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  27. Externalism and Self-Knowledge.Peter Ludlow & Norah Martin - 2002 - Filosoficky Casopis 50:528-530.
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  28. How to Engage Reason: The Problem of Regress.Peter Railton - 2004 - In R. Jay Wallace (ed.), Reason and value: themes from the moral philosophy of Joseph Raz. New York: Oxford University Press.
     
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  29.  60
    Neo-confucianism in history.Peter Kees Bol - 2008 - Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.
    Where does Neo-Confucianismâe"a movement that from the twelfth to the seventeenth centuries profoundly influenced the way people understood the world and responded to itâe"fit into our story of Chinaâe(tm)s history? This interpretive, at times polemical, inquiry into the Neo-Confucian engagement with the literati as the social and political elite, local society, and the imperial state during the Song, Yuan, and Ming dynasties is also a reflection on the role of the middle period in Chinaâe(tm)s history. The book argues that as (...)
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  30.  43
    Spectator in the Cartesian Theater: Where Theories of Mind Went Wrong since Descartes.Peter Slezak - 2023 - Lanham: Lexington Books.
    A range of seemingly unrelated problems at the forefront of controversy about consciousness, language, and vision, among others, have a deep connection with one another that has gone unnoticed. This book suggests that this mistake arises not from what is put into a theory but rather from what is missing.
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  31. The Defect in Effective Skeptical Scenarios.Peter Murphy - 2013 - International Journal for the Study of Skepticism 3 (4):271-281.
    What epistemic defect needs to show up in a skeptical scenario if it is to effectively target some belief? According to the false belief account, the targeted belief must be false in the skeptical scenario. According to the competing ignorance account, the targeted belief must fall short of being knowledge in the skeptical scenario. This paper argues for two claims. The first is that, contrary to what is often assumed, the ignorance account is superior to the false belief account. The (...)
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  32. The narrative sense of self.Peter Goldie - 2012 - Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice 18 (5):1064-1069.
  33.  54
    Language and self-transformation: a study of the Christian conversion narrative.Peter G. Stromberg - 1993 - New York, NY, USA: Cambridge University Press.
    This is a study of how self-transformation may occur through the practice of reframing one's personal experience in terms of a canonical language: that is, a system of symbols that purports to explain something about human beings and the universe they live in. The Christian conversion narrative is used as the primary example here, but the approach used in this book also illuminates other practices such as psychotherapy in which people deal with emotional conflict through language.
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  34. The identity of indiscernibles.Peter Forrest - 2008 - Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
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  35. Facts, Values, and Norms.Peter Railton - 2005 - Philosophical Studies 126 (3):433-448.
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  36.  9
    Animal liberation now: the definitive classic renewed.Peter Singer - 2023 - New York, NY: Harper, an imprint of HarperCollins Publishers. Edited by Yuval N. Harari.
    Singer returns to the major arguments and examples of his seminal 1975 work and brings us to the current moment. This edition, revised from top to bottom, covers important reforms in the European Union, and now in various U.S. states. On the flip side, Singer shows the impact of the expansion of factory farming due to demand for animal products in China. Singer describes how meat consumption is taking a toll on the environment, and factory farms pose a profound risk (...)
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  37.  57
    Africa, Asia, and the History of Philosophy: Racism in the Formation of the Philosophical Canon, 1780–1830.Peter K. J. Park - 2013 - State University of New York Press.
    A historical investigation of the exclusion of Africa and Asia from modern histories of philosophy.
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  38.  35
    Children's Reasoning and the Mind.Peter Mitchell & Kevin John Riggs (eds.) - 2000 - Psychology Press/Taylor & Francis.
    This book offers a thorough investigation into the development of the cognitive processes that underpin judgements about mental states (often termed 'theory of ...
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  39.  5
    Instrumentalisierung und Würde.Peter Schaber - 2010 - Paderborn: Mentis.
    Für viele stellt das Instrumentalisierungsverbot, wonach man andere Menschen nie blo als Mittel behandeln darf, eine fundamentale moralische Wahrheit dar. Dieses Buch ist der Versuch, diese Ansicht näher zu fassen und zu begründen. Das Instrumentalisierungsverbot spielt nicht nur in unserer Alltagsmoral, sondern auch in moraltheoretischen Diskussionen eine wichtige Rolle. Verschiedenste Praktiken werden mit der Begründung als unzulässig kritisiert, dass mit ihnen Menschen instrumentalisiert würden. Doch was heit es, die anderen blo als Mittel zu behandeln? Es besteht, so wird in diesem (...)
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  40.  7
    Boredom: A Lively History.Peter Toohey - 2011 - Yale University Press.
    In the first book to argue for the benefits of boredom, Peter Toohey dispels the myth that it's simply a childish emotion or an existential malaise like Jean-Paul Sartre's nausea. He shows how boredom is, in fact, one of our most common and constructive emotions and is an essential part of the human experience. This informative and entertaining investigation of boredom—what it is and what it isn't, its uses and its dangers—spans more than 3,000 years of history and takes (...)
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  41.  38
    Simple strategies in binary prediction by children and adults.Peter L. Derks & Marianne I. Paclisanu - 1967 - Journal of Experimental Psychology 73 (2):278.
  42.  44
    Appearance and reality: an introduction to the philosophy of physics.Peter Kosso - 1998 - New York: Oxford University Press.
    Appearance and Reality: An Introduction to the Philosophy of Physics addresses quantum mechanics and relativity and their philosophical implications, focusing on whether these theories of modern physics can help us know nature as it really is, or only as it appears to us. The author clearly explains the foundational concepts and principles of both quantum mechanics and relativity and then uses them to argue that we can know more than mere appearances, and that we can know to some extent the (...)
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  43. Science as truth.Peter Atkins - 1995 - History of the Human Sciences 8 (2):97-102.
  44.  23
    Mental Causation in the Physical World.Peter Menzies - 2013 - In Sophie Gibb, E. J. Lowe & Rögnvaldur Ingthorsson (eds.), Mental Causation and Ontology. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 58.
  45.  10
    Starmaking: Realism, Anti-realism, and Irrealism.Peter J. McCormick, C. G. Hempel & M. I. T. Press - 1996 - MIT Press.
    Starmaking brings together a cluster of work published over the past 35 years by Nelson Goodman and two Harvard colleagues, Hilary Putnam and Israel Scheffler, on the conceptual connections between monism and pluralism, absolutism and relativism, and idealism and different notions of realism -- issues that are central to metaphysics and epistemology. The title alludes to Goodman's famous defense of the claim that because all true representations of stars and other objects are human creations, it follows that in an important (...)
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  46.  32
    Radicalizing Levinas.Peter Atterton & Matthew Calarco (eds.) - 2010 - State University of New York Press.
    Levinas ahead of his time--and himself--on politics, postcolonialism and globalization, animals and the environment, and science and technology.
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  47. Semantic triangulation.Peter Pagin - manuscript
    Suppose you are stranded on an island and you want to get over to the nearby mainland. Your only option is to swim. But is the other shore close enough? If you embark and it isn’t, you drown. So you prefer to know before taking off. Happily, you are well equipped. You have not only a yardstick, but also a theodolite for measuring angles, and a good knowledge of trigonometry. You then determine the distance to the other shore by means (...)
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  48.  13
    Thinker on Stage: Nietzsche's Materialism.Peter Sloterdijk - 1989 - Univ of Minnesota Press.
    Thinker on Stage is Peter Sloterdijk's audacious, empathetic reading of Friedrich Nietzche's first published work, The Birth of Tragedy out of the Spirit of Music. Intended originally as a postscript to a new edition of Nietzsche's book, Sloterdijk's text grew and became a book in its own right. Sloterdijk characterizes Nietzsche as a centaur-a philologist/musician, a philosopher/poet; the possessor of multiple talents inseparable from one another-who, in consequence, led the life of an obscure outsider on the fringes of organized (...)
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  49.  31
    Alasdair MacIntyre: critic of modernity.Peter McMylor - 1993 - New York: Routledge.
    This book is the first full length account of the significance of MacIntyre's work for the social sciences. MacIntyre's moral philosophy is shown to provide the resources for a powerful critique of liberalism. His discussion of the managerist and emotivist roots of modern culture is seen as the inspiration for a critical social science of Modernity.
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  50.  15
    The Performance of Reading: An Essay in the Philosophy of Literature.Peter Kivy - 2006 - Wiley-Blackwell.
    _The Performance of Reading_ argues that there are distinct analogies between "silent" reading and artistic performance, and so fashions the new role of the reader as performer. An original and insightful exploration of the act of reading by the leading scholar in the field. Discusses the history of reading and the transitions from reading aloud to reading silently, and the changing role of literature as communal, active experience to a more private endeavor.
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