About this topic
Summary There are four philosophical issues surrounding toleration: (1) What is it? (2) What does it require? (3) When is it required? and (4) Why is it of value?  The first two are conceptual questions and often--perhaps entirely, in contemporary work--conflated.  It is now assumed that whatever its complete definition, toleration requires non-interference.  That was not always the case.  The third question is of paramount importance in normative political work.  Disagreements about how to answer this question divide liberals and other moral and political thinkers into different camps.  The fourth question seems to many today to be unnecessary since everyone proclaims to think toleration important.  There are good arguments that defenses of toleration are still needed; historically, of course, they were extremely important. 
Key works Historically, the most important figures discussing toleration are, arguably: Saint Augustine (Letters), Baruch Spinoza (Tractatus Theologico-Politicus), Pierre Bayle (A Philosophical Commentary), John Locke (Letters Concerning Toleration), and John Stuart Mill (On Liberty).  For a recent conceptual analysis of toleration, see Cohen 2004. For a collection with a good indication of various recent debates, see Williams & Waldron 2008.
Introductions Rainer Forst, Toleration
Related

Contents
3485 found
Order:
1 — 50 / 3485
Material to categorize
  1. Tolerans: Anlamı, Bileşenleri, Biçimleri ve Yeni Bir Yaklaşım Denemesi.İ. Berk Özcangiller - 2023 - In H. Nur Beyaz Erkızan & Mustafa Günay (eds.), AYDINLANMALAR, DEMOKRASİ, GÜNÜMÜZ ÜZERİNE DÜŞÜNCELER. Bursa: Sentez Yayıncılık. pp. 317-350.
    Bu çalışmanın amacı eski zamanda olduğu kadar şimdide de ahlaki, politik, dini, epistemolojik, metafizik pek çok tartışma ve yaşam alanının sorunlarını kuşatan tolerans kavramına dair hem genel bir çerçeve sunmak hem de yeni bir öneri de bulunmaktır. Tarih boyunca farklı tolerans anlayışları yaşamaya ilişkin sorunlara çare bulmak adına ortaya konulmuştur. Bu tolerans anlayışları nelerdir? Bunları birleştiren ortak unsurlar var mıdır? Farklı tolerans anlayışları neye çare aramaktadırlar? Bu tolerans anlayışlarının artı ve eksi yanları nelerdir? Son olarak yeni bir tolerans anlayışı ortaya (...)
    Remove from this list  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  2. Ontological Toleration as the Basis of Mutual Recognition in Hegel.İ. Berk Özcangiller - manuscript
    The aim of this article is to show that ontological toleration is an important component of recognition in the realization of ethical life (as “the living good”) and true freedom. To achieve this aim, I will propose a new reading of Hegel’s account of recognition and its union with toleration by appealing to his arguments of the master-slave dialectic in relation to “something and an other” and the One in the Science of Logic. By doing so, I hope to present (...)
    Remove from this list   Direct download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  3. Politicizing Political Liberalism: On the Containment of Illiberal and Antidemocratic Views.Gabriele Badano & Alasia Nuti - 2024 - Oxford: Oxford University Press.
    How should broadly liberal democratic societies stop illiberal and antidemocratic views from gaining influence while honouring liberal democratic values? This question has become particularly pressing after the recent successes of right-wing populist leaders and parties across Europe, in the US, and beyond. This book develops a normative account of liberal democratic self-defence that denounces the failures of real-world societies without excusing those supporting illiberal and antidemocratic political actors. This account is innovative in focusing not only on the role of the (...)
    Remove from this list   Direct download (3 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  4. Bad Faith? (Review of David Novak's In Defense of Religious Liberty). [REVIEW]Charles Blattberg - 2009 - Literary Review of Canada 17 (6):11-12.
  5. What’s so bad about fanaticism?Paul Katsafanas - 2024 - Synthese 203 (6):1-18.
    Fanaticism involves a robust and epistemically peculiar form of commitment: the fanatic is willing to sacrifice himself and others for the sake of his goal, and the fanatic is unable or unwilling to adjust his commitment in light of critical reflection. But is this always morally bad? While Cassam (Extremism: a philosophical analysis, Routledge, New York, 2022b) and Katsafanas (Philos Imprint 19:1–20, 2019; Philosophy of devotion: the longing for invulnerable ideals, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2023a) have offered accounts of fanaticism (...)
    Remove from this list   Direct download (3 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   1 citation  
  6. Neutrality and Excellence.Mark R. Reiff - 2022 - In Mark McBride & Visa A. J. Kurki (eds.), Without Trimmings: The Legal, Moral, and Political Philosophy of Matthew Kramer. Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press. pp. 271-296.
    In Liberalism with Excellence, Matthew Kramer makes an argument for how excellence may enter in into liberalism, despite liberalism’s strong commitment to neutrality. Kramer seeks to challenge not only the uncompromising rejection of this position by liberals such a Jonathan Quong, but also the so-called “blended” approach of “soft-perfectionist” scholars such as Joseph Raz and George Sher. In this essay, I do not so much challenge Kramer’s approach as offer an alternative for accomplishing the same thing. Under my proposal, certain (...)
    Remove from this list   Direct download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   2 citations  
  7. 12 Rules for Life: An Antidote to Chaos. [REVIEW]Scott D. G. Ventureyra - 2018 - Crisis Magazine.
    This link contains two reviews of Jordan Peterson's 12 Rules for Life. My review is the second one.
    Remove from this list   Direct download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   1 citation  
  8. Democratic Deliberation in the Absence of Integration.Michael Merry - 2023 - In Johannes Drerup, Douglas Yacek & Julian Culp (eds.), The Cambridge Handbook of Democratic Education. Cambridge University Press. pp. 230-249.
    In order for democratic deliberative interactions in educational settings to fruitfully occur, certain favorable conditions must obtain. In this chapter I chiefly concern myself with one of these putative conditions, namely that of school integration, believed by many liberal scholars to be necessary for consensus-building and legitimate decision-making. I provide a critical assessment of the belief that integration is a necessary facilitative condition for democratic deliberation in the classroom. I demonstrate that liberal versions of democratic deliberation predicated on this condition (...)
    Remove from this list   Direct download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  9. Diversity, Secularism, and Religious Toleration.Ashwani Kumar Peetush - 2013 - IIC Quarterly 40 (3&4):158-173.
  10. Pluralism and the authority of groups to discriminate.Avigail Eisenberg - 2021 - Critical Review of International Social and Political Philosophy 24 (6):909-930.
    Religious associations sometimes seek to provide services and goods to the public using religious values that discriminate on grounds otherwise prohibited by law and public values. 'Group pluralists' support these efforts by highlighting the importance of shielding group authority from state overreach and protecting a robust associational life within democratic contexts. By contrast, 'liberal statists' insist on the state's final authority over societal groups and the need to protect individuals from arbitrary group power. This paper defends a third approach to (...)
    Remove from this list   Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   1 citation  
  11. Locke and Rorty on Cultural Pluralism.Keunchang Oh - 2021 - Transactions of the Charles S. Peirce Society 57 (1):45-64.
    This article aims to investigate Alain Locke and Richard Rorty’s accounts of cultural pluralism. First, I argue that Rorty’s anti-foundationalism and Locke’s critique of absolutes are similar with respect to the nature of value. I then explain their respective conceptions of culture and cultural pluralism. Finally, I argue that their fundamental differences with each other in regards to culture and cultural pluralism lie in their differing theories of value. Whereas Rorty’s nominalist understanding of value only finds the relativity and contingency (...)
    Remove from this list   Direct download (3 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   1 citation  
  12. Das Paradox der Toleranz.Pablo Hubacher Haerle & Martin Beckstein - 2019 - Zeitschrift Für Politische Theorie 10 (2):169-192.
    How should civil society deal with radical actors such as populists? Should democrats engage in an open dialogue or avoid confrontation? Should they listen to them, let them speak and try to expose them argumentatively, or should they deny them any kind of public platform? Rather than providing a normative answer to these questions, this article analyzes and systematizes responses that are already circulating in public discourse. In particular, we focus on reactions to the invitations of the AfD politicians Alice (...)
    Remove from this list   Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  13. Rescuing toleration.Anna Elisabetta Galeotti - 2021 - Critical Review of International Social and Political Philosophy 24 (1):87-107.
  14. Education, epistemic virtues, and the power of toleration.Johannes Drerup - 2021 - Critical Review of International Social and Political Philosophy 24 (1):108-131.
  15. The simplicity of toleration.Peter Königs - 2021 - Critical Review of International Social and Political Philosophy 24 (1):5-24.
    Toleration is one of the core elements of a liberal polity, and yet it has come to be seen as puzzling, paradoxical and difficult. The aim of the present paper is to dispel three puzzles surrounding toleration. First, I will challenge the notion that it is difficult to see why tolerance should be a virtue given that it involves putting up with what one deems wrong. Second, I defuse the worry that the ideal of toleration is not fully realizable as (...)
    Remove from this list   Direct download (4 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   3 citations  
  16. Toleration and modus vivendi.John Horton - 2021 - Critical Review of International Social and Political Philosophy 24 (1):45-63.
  17. The politics and ethics of toleration: introduction.Johannes Drerup & Michael Kühler - 2021 - Critical Review of International Social and Political Philosophy 24 (1):1-4.
  18. Can a value-neutral liberal state still be tolerant?Michael Kühler - 2021 - Critical Review of International Social and Political Philosophy 24 (1):25-44.
    Toleration is typically defined as follows: an agent (A), for some reason, objects to certain actions or practices of someone else (B), but has outweighing other reasons to accept these actions or practices nonetheless and, thus, refrains from interfering with or preventing B from acting accordingly, although A has the power to interfere. So understood, (mutual) toleration is taken to allow for peaceful coexistence and ideally even cooperation amongst people who disagree with each other on crucial questions on how to (...)
    Remove from this list   Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   3 citations  
  19. The Politics of Hypocrisy: Baruch Spinoza and Pierre Bayle on Hypocritical Conformity.Amy Gais - 2020 - Political Theory 48 (5):588-614.
    Contemporary political theory has increasingly attended to the inevitability, and even advantage, of hypocrisy in liberal democratic politics, but less consideration has been given to the social and psychological repercussions of this ubiquitous phenomenon. This article recovers Baruch Spinoza and Pierre Bayle’s critiques of hypocritical conformity to demonstrate that their influential theories of toleration and freedom were shaped considerably by concerns with enforced conformity. Reframing Spinoza and Bayle as theorists of hypocrisy, moreover, suggests that recent redemptive accounts of hypocrisy in (...)
    Remove from this list   Direct download (3 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   2 citations  
  20. Complicity and hypocrisy.Nicolas Cornell & Amy Sepinwall - 2020 - Politics, Philosophy and Economics 19 (2):154-181.
    This article offers a justification for accommodating claims of conscience. The standard justification points to the pain that acting against one’s conscience entails. But that defense cannot make sense of the state’s refusal to accommodate individuals where the law interferes with their deeply meaningful but nonmoral projects. An alternative justification, we argue, arises once one recognizes the connection between conscience and moral address: One’s lived moral convictions determine when and with what force one can hold others to account. Acting against (...)
    Remove from this list   Direct download (3 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   3 citations  
  21. Lack of pluralism and post‐secularism in Catholic countries.Sebastián Rudas - 2020 - Constellations 27 (2):258-272.
  22. Book Review: Montaigne and the Tolerance of Politics, by Douglas I. Thompson. [REVIEW]Ingrid Creppell - 2020 - Political Theory 48 (3):405-410.
  23. Toleration, neutrality, and freedom: a reply.Peter Balint - 2020 - Critical Review of International Social and Political Philosophy 23 (2):224-232.
    In defending toleration against its many critics, Respecting Toleration has both conceptual and normative aims. Conceptually, I defend and explain the coherence of political toleration. This involves, in part, highlighting a distinction between two forms of toleration; one of which always involves objection, and one which does not. Normatively, I defend a particular understanding of toleration as the best way of accommodating contemporary diversity. In brief, the state should be guided by an active ideal of neutrality, and citizens must at (...)
    Remove from this list   Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  24. Toleration, neutrality, and exemption.Peter Jones - 2020 - Critical Review of International Social and Political Philosophy 23 (2):203-210.
    I focus on some controversial features of Peter Balint’s stimulating and provocative reassessment of the place of toleration in contemporary diverse societies. First, I question his argument that we must enlarge the concept of toleration to include indifference and approval if toleration is to be compatible with state neutrality. Secondly, I suggest that his idea of active neutrality of intent risks encountering the same difficulties as neutrality of outcome, although these will be mitigated the more the state’s neutrality takes a (...)
    Remove from this list   Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  25. Introduction to a Symposium on Peter Balint’s Respecting Toleration.Jonathan Seglow - 2020 - Critical Review of International Social and Political Philosophy 23 (2):188-190.
  26. Conceptualising toleration.John Horton - 2020 - Critical Review of International Social and Political Philosophy 23 (2):191-196.
  27. Accommodating toleration: on Balint’s classical liberal response to the multiculturalism challenge.Sune Lægaard - 2020 - Critical Review of International Social and Political Philosophy 23 (2):211-217.
  28. Respecting multiculturalism? Respecting religion?Jonathan Seglow - 2020 - Critical Review of International Social and Political Philosophy 23 (2):218-223.
  29. Montaigne and the Tolerance of Politics.Biancamaria Fontana - 2018 - Contemporary Political Theory 19 (S1):79-81.
    Remove from this list   Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  30. Abolishing asylum and violating the human rights of refugees. Why is it tolerated? The case of Hungary in the EU.Felix Bender - 2020 - In Elżbieta M. Goździak, Izabella Main & Brigitte Suter (eds.), Europe and the Refugee Response: A Crisis of Values? Routledge.
    Why are human rights abuses of refugees at the EU’s geographical periphery tolerated by other EU states? This chapter uses the case of Hungary and Germany to explore how the former abolished the institution of asylum, shedding light on the human rights abuses of refugees, and why states such as the latter seem to condone such actions. It argues that core EU member states condone human rights abuses at the geographical periphery of the EU as long as they contribute to (...)
    Remove from this list   Direct download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  31. La religion libérale pour les personnes et pour les groupes : Droits fondamentaux et accommodements.Michel Seymour & Jérôme Gosselin-Tapp - 2019 - ThéoRèmes 1 (15).
    Cet article vise à enrichir l’approche désagrégative proposée par Cécile Laborde dans Liberalism’s Religion [HUP, 2017] à l’aide de certaines intuitions rawlsiennes provenant de notre ouvrage La nation pluraliste [PUM, 2018]. En partant de la notion d’« accommodement raisonnable » telle que comprise dans le contexte légal du Québec et du Canada, nous parvenons à une interprétation des fondements normatifs de la distinction entre droits fondamentaux et accommodements qui repose sur la raison publique. La perspective que nous défendons permet ultimement (...)
    Remove from this list   Direct download (4 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  32. The Arrogant Eye and the French Prohibition of the Veil.Daniel Alejandro Restrepo - 2019 - Ethic@ - An International Journal for Moral Philosophy 18 (2):159-174.
    Evânia Reich presents the argument that the veil laws in France—the banning of the full-face coverings in public and the banning of the headscarf in public schools—are consistent with the emancipatory project of French Laïcité. According to this argument, the veils that Muslim women wear are symbols of their oppression, whereas French education seeks to liberate each individual and Laïcité serves as a bulwark against the creeping oppressive influence of religion. Unveiling Muslim women, then, is an act of emancipation. In (...)
    Remove from this list   Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  33. Three cheers for liberal modesty.Cécile Laborde - 2020 - Critical Review of International Social and Political Philosophy 23 (1):119-135.
  34. Individual integrity, freedom of association and religious exemption.Peter Jones - 2020 - Critical Review of International Social and Political Philosophy 23 (1):94-108.
    Of the many questions Cécile Laborde addresses in her magisterial Liberalism’s Religion, several relate to what she describes as ‘the puzzle of exemptions’. I examine some of the issues raised by her efforts to solve that puzzle: whether her ideal of moral integrity squares with the nature of religious belief; whether we should find the case for collective religious exemptions in freedom of association and the ‘coherence interests’ of associations; how much significance we should give to the ‘competence interests’ of (...)
    Remove from this list   Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  35. Perfectionism: Political not Metaphysical.Collis Tahzib - 2019 - Philosophy and Public Affairs 47 (2):144-178.
  36. Two bad halves don't make a whole: On the crisis of democracy.Rainer Forst - 2019 - Constellations 26 (3):378-383.
  37. God is a Man Eater.Abby Riehl - 2019 - Constellations (University of Alberta Student Journal) 10 (2).
    This article explores the relationship between Christian persecution under Roman authorities in Late Antiquity and the role that consumption rituals played within it. Considering the similarities between condemned pagan and gnostic consumption rituals, which were often accused of being cannibalistic orgies, this paper determines whether comparisons drawn between these condemned rituals and Christian ones had any tangible similarities, or if Roman authorities projected their prejudices and knowledge of pagan rituals onto the Christian in order to justify their continued persecution.
    Remove from this list   Direct download (3 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  38. Book Review: Tolerance among the Virtues, by John R. Bowlin. [REVIEW]Stephen S. Bush - 2019 - Political Theory 47 (3):439-444.
    Remove from this list   Direct download (3 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  39. The good of toleration: changing social relations or maximising individual freedom?Emanuela Ceva - 2020 - Critical Review of International Social and Political Philosophy 23 (2):197-202.
    In this paper, I take issue with Peter Balint’s recent account of the value of toleration as an instrument for securing freedom-maximising outcomes in pluralistic societies. In particular, I question the extent to which the ideal of toleration can be entirely reduced to someone’s intentional withholding of negative interference whose value lies in the protection of individual negative freedoms. I argue that couching the value of toleration entirely in these freedom-maximising terms fails to do justice to the relational value of (...)
    Remove from this list   Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  40. UnMuted: Conversations on Prejudice, Oppression, and Social Justice.Myisha Cherry - 2019 - New York: Oxford University Press.
    Why do people hate one another? Who gets to speak for whom? Why do so many people combat prejudice based on their race, sexual orientation, or disability? What does segregation look like today? Many of us ponder and discuss urgent questions such as these at home, and see them debated in the media, the classroom, and our social media feeds, but many of us don't have access to the important new ways philosophers are thinking about these very issues. Enter UnMute, (...)
    Remove from this list   Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  41. Onto-Epistemological Pluralism, Social Practices, Human Rights And White Racism.Mónica Gómez Salazar - 2017 - Cultura 14 (2):89-106.
    Based on onto–epistemological pluralism and social practices this work maintains that the proclamation of cultural neutrality originating in the idea of equality without any distinction of color, sex, language, religion or political opinion, really favors white racism and cultural imperialism of the liberal way of life.This article argues that the process of reasoning which justifies human rights is distorted by particular interests, such as the colonization of American territory in the case of the Declaration of the Good People of Virginia (...)
    Remove from this list   Direct download (3 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   1 citation  
  42. Handbuch der Politischen Philosophie und Sozialphilosophie (HPPS) [A Companion to Political Philosophy and Social Philosophy].Stefan Gosepath, Wilfried Hinsch & Beate Roessler - 2008 - Berlin, Deutschland: de Gruyter.
    Remove from this list  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  43. Fanaticism and Sacred Values.Paul Katsafanas - 2019 - Philosophers' Imprint 19:1-20.
    What, if anything, is fanaticism? Philosophers including Locke, Hume, Shaftesbury, and Kant offered an account of fanaticism, analyzing it as (1) unwavering commitment to an ideal, together with (2) unwillingness to subject the ideal (or its premises) to rational critique and (3) the presumption of a non-rational sanction for the ideal. In the first part of the paper, I explain this account and argue that it does not succeed: among other things, it entails that a paradigmatically peaceful and tolerant individual (...)
    Remove from this list   Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   9 citations  
  44. Toleration and groups.Peter Balint - 2018 - European Journal of Political Theory 17 (3):375-384.
  45. Book ReviewsHans. Oberdiek, Between Forbearance and Acceptance.Lanham, Md.: Rowman & Littlefield, 2001. Pp. ix+182. $24.95. [REVIEW]Harry Brighouse - 2003 - Ethics 113 (3):716-718.
    Remove from this list   Direct download (4 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  46. Book Review: Mere Civility: Disagreement and the Limits of Toleration, by Teresa Bejan. [REVIEW]Douglas Casson - 2018 - Political Theory 46 (3):498-502.
    Remove from this list   Direct download (3 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  47. The Evanescence of Neutrality.Cécile Laborde - 2018 - Political Theory 46 (1):99-105.
  48. Individuality and hierarchy in Cicero’s De Officiis.Michael C. Hawley - 2016 - European Journal of Political Theory:147488511665769.
    This essay explores a creative argument that Cicero offers to answer a fundamental question: how are we to judge among different ways of life? Is there a natural hierarchy of human types? In respon...
    Remove from this list   Direct download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  49. Religious accommodation law in the UK: five normative gaps.Jonathan Seglow - 2018 - Critical Review of International Social and Political Philosophy 21 (1):109-128.
    This article offers a normative analysis of the state of religious accommodation law in the UK. It identifies five ‘normative gaps’ in the law where the legal discussion could benefit by employing the analytical lens of political theory. These gaps concern (i) what sorts of religious (or non-religious) beliefs should enjoy protected status; (ii) how the law should address issues of individual choice and responsibility; (iii) whether there is a genuine distinction between manifesting and being motivated by one’s beliefs; (iv) (...)
    Remove from this list   Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  50. Democratizing Organized Religion.Chiara Cordelli - 2017 - Journal of Politics 79 (2).
    Remove from this list  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   6 citations  
1 — 50 / 3485