Results for 'Necessity'

945 found
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  1.  9
    Roberto torret'I 'I (puerto rico).Physical Necessity - 1992 - In Javier Echeverría, Andoni Ibarra & Thomas Mormann, The space of mathematics: philosophical, epistemological, and historical explorations. New York: W. de Gruyter. pp. 132.
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  2. Invariance as a basis for necessity and laws.Gila Sher - 2021 - Philosophical Studies 178 (12):3945-3974.
    Many philosophers are baffled by necessity. Humeans, in particular, are deeply disturbed by the idea of necessary laws of nature. In this paper I offer a systematic yet down to earth explanation of necessity and laws in terms of invariance. The type of invariance I employ for this purpose generalizes an invariance used in meta-logic. The main idea is that properties and relations in general have certain degrees of invariance, and some properties/relations have a stronger degree of invariance (...)
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  3.  76
    Chance and necessity.Jacques Monod - 1971 - New York,: Vintage Books.
    Change and necessity is a statement of Darwinian natural selection as a process driven by chance necessity, devoid of purpose or intent.
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  4. Metaphysical necessity dualism.Ben White - 2018 - Synthese 195 (4):1779-1798.
    A popular response to the Exclusion Argument for physicalism maintains that mental events depend on their physical bases in such a way that the causation of a physical effect by a mental event and its physical base needn’t generate any problematic form of causal overdetermination, even if mental events are numerically distinct from and irreducible to their physical bases. This paper presents and defends a form of dualism that implements this response by using a dispositional essentialist view of properties to (...)
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  5. Necessity, Essence, and Individuation: A Defense of Conventionalism.Stephen Yablo & Alan Sidelle - 1992 - Philosophical Review 101 (4):878.
  6. Practical necessity.Bernard Williams - 1982 - In Donald MacKenzie MacKinnon, Brian Hebblethwaite & Stewart R. Sutherland, The Philosophical frontiers of Christian theology: essays presented to D.M. MacKinnon. New York: Cambridge University Press.
     
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  7. Necessity, Theism, and Evidence.Mike Almeida - 2022 - Logique Et Analyse 259 (1):287-307.
    The minimal God exemplifies essential omnipotence, omniscience, and moral perfection, but none of the other properties of the traditional God. I examine the consequences of the minimal God in augmented S5, S4, and Kρσ. The metaphysical consequences for the minimal God in S5 include the impossibility that God—or any other object—might acquire, lose, or exchange an essential property. It is impossible that an essentially divine being might become essentially human, for instance. The epistemological consequences include the impossibility of agnosticism—it is (...)
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  8. The Necessity of an Incarnate Prophet.Joshua Sijuwade - 2023 - Religions 14 (8):1-45.
    This article aims to provide an a priori argument—termed the Flourishment Argument, for the veracity of the Christian conception of the Abrahamic religion that centres on God’s action of sending a divine and atoning prophet into the world. This specific informal argument will be presented through the formulation of a set of a priori reasons for why God would seek to interact with the world—developed in light of the work of Richard Swinburne, John Finnis, Linda Zagzebski and Alexander Pruss—which, in (...)
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  9.  42
    Ecological necessity of iconic memory.Max Coltheart - 1983 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 6 (1):17-18.
  10.  15
    Necessity and Natural Categories.Lance J. Rips - 2001 - Psychological Bulletin 127:827-852.
    Our knowledge of natural categories includes beliefs not only about what is true of them but also about what would be true if the categories had properties other than (or in addition to) their actual ones. Evidence about these beliefs comes from three lines of research: experiments on category-based induction, on hypothetical transformations of category members, and on definitions of kind terms. The 1st part of this article examines results and theories arising from each of these research streams. The 2nd (...)
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  11. (1 other version)Logical Necessity and Other Essays.Edward Craig, I. G. McFetridge, John Haldane & Roger Scruton - 1991 - Philosophical Quarterly 41 (164):352.
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  12. Necessity and persuasion in Plato's timaeus.Glenn R. Morrow - 1950 - Philosophical Review 59 (2):147-163.
  13.  79
    Necessity predicates and operators.William N. Reinhardt - 1980 - Journal of Philosophical Logic 9 (4):437 - 450.
  14.  84
    Necessity, Necessitism, and Numbers.Roy T. Cook - 2016 - Philosophical Forum 47 (3-4):385-414.
    Timothy Williamson’s Modal Logic as Metaphysics is a book-length defense of necessitism about objects—roughly put, the view that, necessarily, any object that exists, exists necessarily. In more formal terms, Williamson argues for the validity of necessitism for objects (NO: ◻︎∀x◻︎∃y(x=y)). NO entails both the (first-order) Barcan formula (BF: ◇∃xΦ → ∃x◇Φ, for any formula Φ) and the (first-order) converse Barcan formula (CBF: ∃x◇Φ → ◇∃xΦ, for any formula Φ). The purpose of this essay is not to assess Williamson’s arguments either (...)
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  15. Insight and Objective Necessity: A Demonstration of the Existence of Propositions which are Simultaneously Informative and Necessarily True.Fritz Wenisch - 1988 - Aletheia 4:107-197.
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  16.  32
    Appendix: Arnauld on Freewill and Necessity.John Kilcullen - unknown
    According to Arnauld, if we cannot help acting in some way, that is either (1) because external forces or obstacles leave no alternative, or (2) because we cannot help wanting to act that way; and that may be (2a) because we have absolutely no power to want anything else, or (2b) because the power we have is quite insufficient to overcome the inclination to act that way. This gives three kinds of necessity, corresponding to (1), (2a) and (2b).[.
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  17.  45
    Marketing research interviewers and their perceived necessity of moral compromise.J. E. Nelson & P. L. Kiecker - 1996 - Journal of Business Ethics 15 (10):1107 - 1117.
    Marketing research interviewers often feel that they must compromise their own moral principles while executing work-related activities. This finding is based on analysis of data obtained from three focus group interviews and a mail survey of 173 telephone survey interviewers. Data from the mail survey were used to construct scales measuring interviewers' perceived necessity of moral compromise, moral character, and job satisfaction. The three scales then were used in a hierarchical regression analysis to predict incidences of interviewers' self-reported proscribed (...)
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  18.  44
    A theory of necessity.Brudner Alan - 1987 - Oxford Journal of Legal Studies 7 (3):339-368.
    ‘The several modes of feeling, perception, desire, and will, so far as we are aware of them, are in general called ideas (mental representations) and it may be roughly said that philosophy puts thoughts, categories, or, in more precise language, adequate notions, in the place of generalized images we ordinarily call ideas. Mental impressions such as these may be regarded as the metaphors of thoughts and notions. But to have these figurate conceptions does not imply that we appreciate their intellectual (...)
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  19.  23
    Divine Necessity and Divine Goodness.Keith E. Yandell - 1988 - In Thomas V. Morris, Divine and Human Action: Essays in the Metaphysics of Theism. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press. pp. 313–344.
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  20.  27
    Necessidade e Teleologia na Teoria da Natureza em Empédocles e Aristóteles/Necessity and Teleology in Empedocles‘s and Aristotle’s theories of nature.Isabel Cristina Rocha Hipólito Gonçalves - 2015 - Pensando - Revista de Filosofia 5 (9):146.
    Neste trabalho apresentamos uma discussão sobre o modo como a necessidade e a teleologia se encontram presentes na teoria da natureza em Empédocles e Aristóteles. Para realização desta tarefa percorremos os fragmentos referentes ao pensamento de Empédocles do poema Da natureza, tendo como referencia central a obra Os filósofos pré-socráticos, de Kirk e Raven, e a obra Física I e II de Aristóteles.: This paper presents a discussion about how the necessity and teleology are present in the theory of (...)
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  21. Aristotle on a puzzle about logical consequence: Necessity of being vs. necessity of saying.Paolo Fait - 2004 - Topoi 23 (1):101-112.
    In the Posterior Analytics (I 6, 75a18–27) Aristotle discusses a puzzle which endangers the possibility of inferring a non-necessary conclusion. His solution relies on the distinction between the necessity of the conclusion's being the case and the necessity of admitting the conclusion once one has admitted the premisses. The former is a factual necessity, whereas the latter is meant to be a normative or deontic necessity that is independent of the facts stated by the premisses and (...)
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  22. Narrative Necessity and the Fixity of Meaning in a Life.Andrea Westlund - 2011 - Narrative Inquiry in Bioethics 2 (21):391-398.
     
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  23. The Necessity of God’s Goodness.Thomas V. Morris - 1985 - New Scholasticism 59 (4):418-448.
  24.  27
    Freedom from Necessity: The Metaphysical Basis of Responsibility.John Martin Fischer - 1990 - Philosophical Review 99 (4):649.
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  25.  53
    Liberty to decide on dual use biomedical research: An acknowledged necessity.Emma Keuleyan - 2010 - Science and Engineering Ethics 16 (1):43-58.
    Humanity entered the twenty-first century with revolutionary achievements in biomedical research. At the same time multiple “dual-use” results have been published. The battle against infectious diseases is meeting new challenges, with newly emerging and re-emerging infections. Both natural disaster epidemics, such as SARS, avian influenza, haemorrhagic fevers, XDR and MDR tuberculosis and many others, and the possibility of intentional mis-use, such as letters containing anthrax spores in USA, 2001, have raised awareness of the real threats. Many great men, including Goethe, (...)
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  26.  8
    The future of post-human law: a preface to a new theory of necessity, contingency and justice.Peter Baofu - 2010 - Newcastle upon Tyne, UK: Cambridge Scholars Press.
    What makes the rule of law so special that it is to conscientiously punish the â oebadâ doers and reward the â oegoodâ onesâ "such that, where there is the rule of law, peace and order are to be expected, so that â oethe rule of law is better than the rule of any individualâ? Take the case of international law, as an illustration. While different international courts have been busy going after the killers of innocent victims in Rwanda and (...)
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  27.  31
    Æternus Est: Divinity as a Conceptual Necessity in the Principle of Causation.Larry Hunt - 2018 - Philosophia 46 (4):895-910.
    The modern belief that mindless forces can be ultimate efficient causes of natural events is a conceptual impossibility. The logically ultimate cause of any change, the something that is ultimately making it occur in the present moment, is either a mind or not. More specifically, the cause either chooses to act or it does not. By choice here, I mean an act of free will in the libertarian sense. Where there is choosing in this sense there must be a mind. (...)
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  28.  11
    Overlap, overdetermination, and the necessity of origin.Adam Russell Murray - 2025 - Asian Journal of Philosophy 4 (1):1-20.
    Proponents of the necessity of material origins hold roughly that an entity’s originating matter could not have been radically different from its actual originating matter. Sungil Han defends the considerably stronger position that an entity’s originating matter could not have been at all different from its actual originating matter. I raise some worries for Han’s key premise as it pertains to biological origins, and discuss certain methodological limitations of Han’s project as it pertains to the origins of artifacts.
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  29. Variation, Derivability and Necessity: In Bolzano's view, a proposition is necessarily true iff it is derivable from true propositions that include no intuition (Anschauung).M. Siebel - forthcoming - Grazer Philosophische Studien.
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  30.  66
    Universal Necessity and Contradictions in Conception.Ted McNair - 2000 - Kant Studien 91 (1):25-43.
  31.  34
    A Group Epistemology is a Group Necessity: A Reply to Fallis and Mathiesen.Miika Vähämaa - 2013 - Social Epistemology 27 (1):26 - 31.
    (2013). A Group Epistemology is a Group Necessity: A Reply to Fallis and Mathiesen. Social Epistemology: Vol. 27, No. 1, pp. 26-31. doi: 10.1080/02691728.2012.760667.
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  32.  88
    Necessity, Certainty, and the A Priori.Albert Casullo - 1988 - Canadian Journal of Philosophy 18 (1):43-66.
    Empiricist theories of knowledge are attractive for they offer the prospect of a unitary theory of knowledge based on relatively well understood physiological and cognitive processes. Mathematical knowledge, however, has been a traditional stumbling block for such theories. There are three primary features of mathematical knowledge which have led epistemologists to the conclusion that it cannot be accommodated within an empiricist framework: 1) mathematical propositions appear to be immune from empirical disconfirmation; 2) mathematical propositions appear to be known with certainty; (...)
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  33.  41
    The Fundamental Right of Medical Necessity and Genetic Intervention for Substance Abuse.William Kitchin - 2006 - Journal of Evolution and Technology 15 (1):1.
    Genetic intervention is on the near horizon for the treatment of substance abu se. Genetic intervention involves a reprogramming of a person’s own genetic instructions so that that person will no longer have the physical craving for the drug of choice. Unlike pharmacologic intervention, genetic intervention will change the genetic identity of the person, albeit slightly. The legal issue is whether one has a fundamental right to this medical procedure. A fundamental right is one that the government cannot deny without (...)
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  34.  72
    Sense, necessity and belief.Mark Richard - 1993 - Philosophical Studies 69 (2-3):243 - 263.
  35.  87
    ``Accidental Necessity and Power Over the Past".Alfred J. Freddoso - 1982 - Pacific Philosophical Quarterly 63 (1):54-68.
    The thesis of this paper is that an agent S has the power to bring it about that a proposition p is or will be true at a moment t only if S has at the same time the power to bring it about that it has always been the case that p would be true at t. The author first constructs a prima facie compelling argument for logical determinism and then argues that whoever accepts an Ockhamistic response to that (...)
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  36. The Necessity of Finite Modes in Spinoza.Sungil Han - 2023 - Cheolhak-Korean Journal of Philosophy 156:49-89.
    It is standard to think that in Spinoza’s system, all things are necessary and in no sense contingent. However, in his classic book, Spinoza’s Metaphysics, published in 1969, Edwin Curley argues based on the proposition 28 of the first part of the Ethics that Spinoza endorses necessitarianism of only a modest kind, according to which when it comes to finite modes, there is a sense in which they are contingent. In this paper, I revisit Curley’s argument. Commentators have responded to (...)
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  37. The Necessity of Hope in Dystopian Times: A Critical Reflection.Tom Moylan - 2020 - Utopian Studies 31 (1):164-193.
    Dystopias matter because they make us think. They help us to imagine and envisage how the present can change into something very nasty. … Dystopias thus interrogate the now and offer warnings and sometimes prophecies about the future; they are often the jeremiads of utopianism. But sometimes they offer glimmers of hope.One way of being anti-anti-utopian is to be utopian. It's crucial to keep imagining that things could get better, and furthermore to imagine how they might get better. … So (...)
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  38. The Necessity of Memory for Self-identity: Locke, Hume, Freud and the Cyber-self.Shane J. Ralston - 2000 - Cyberphilosophy Journal 1 (1).
    John Locke is often understood as the inaugurator of the modern discussion of personal human identity—a discussion that inevitably falls back on his own theory with its critical reliance on memory. David Hume and Sigmund Freud would later make arguments for what constituted personal identity, both relying, like Locke, on memory, but parting from Locke's company in respect the role that memory played. The purpose of this paper will be to sketch the groundwork for Locke's own theory of personal identity (...)
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  39. Transcendent Philosophy, Na’eeni School, and Muhammad Taghi Ja’fari on Free will and Necessity.Abdollah Nasri - 2015 - پژوهشنامه فلسفه دین 12 (2):159-184.
    The relation between free will and necessity is one of the most important issues regarding the problem of “free will”. This is because of the rule which indicates that “being not necessary, an event would not be came off”. There has been an ongoing debate among theologians, philosophers and Jurists on whether this rule includes free actions. Sadrain Philosophers believe that this rule is inclusive of human free actions, while followers of the Na’eeni school endorse the opposite. In this (...)
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  40.  83
    Naturalism and the surreptitious embrace of necessity.Kurt Mosser - 2011 - Metaphilosophy 42 (1-2):17-32.
    Abstract: In this article, two philosophical positions that structure distinct approaches in the history of metaphysics and epistemology are briefly characterized and contrasted. While one view, “naturalism,” rejects an a priori commitment to necessity, the other view, “transcendentalism,” insists on that commitment. It is shown that at the level of the fundamentals of thought, judgment, and reason, the dispute dissolves, and the naturalists' employment of “necessity for all practical purposes” is at best only nominally distinct from the transcendentalists' (...)
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  41. Powers, Necessity, and Determinism.Christopher Evan Franklin - 2014 - Thought: A Journal of Philosophy 3 (3):225-229.
    Stephen Mumford and Rani Lill Anjum have argued that a theory of free will that appeals to a powers-based ontology is incompatible with causal determinism. This is a surprising conclusion since much recent work on the intersection of the metaphysics of powers and free will has consisted of attempts to defend compatibilism by appealing to a powers-based ontology. In response I show that their argument turns on an equivocation of ‘all events are necessitated’.
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  42.  72
    Anthropological Science Fiction and Logical Necessity.John V. Canfield - 1975 - Canadian Journal of Philosophy 4 (3):467 - 479.
    What is the source of the hardness of the logical must? What does the necessity of mathematical and logical inference consist in? If I am plotting the curve y = x2 and assume that x = 2 I must conclude that y = 4; no other consequence can be drawn. What is the nature of this ‘must'?Understanding Wittgenstein's answer to this question is essential to understanding his later philosophy. The question of the nature of logical or mathematical necessity (...)
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  43.  92
    Necessity, Identity, and A Priori Access.D. Gene Witmer - 2007 - Philosophical Topics 35 (1-2):241-263.
  44.  43
    Followability, Necessity, and Excuse: Interpreting Kant’s Penal Theory.Robert Campbell - 2024 - Kantian Review 29 (2):169-186.
    Philosophers traditionally interpret Kant as a retributivist, but modern interpreters, with reference to Kant’s theory of justice and problematic passages, instead propose penal theories that mix retributive and deterrent features. Although these mixed penal theories are substantively compelling and capture the Kantian spirit, their dual aspects lead to a justificatory conflict that generates an apparent dilemma. To resolve this dilemma and clear the ground for these mixed theories, I will outline and reinterpret Kant’s penal theory by situating it in his (...)
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  45.  8
    Dice of the gods: causality, necessity and chance.Werner Ehrenberg - 1977 - London: Birkbeck College.
  46.  66
    Chance, necessity, and purpose: Toward a philosophy of evolution.Jeffrey S. Wicken - 1981 - Zygon 16 (4):303-322.
  47. The Necessity of History for Philosophy – Even Analytic Philosophy.Paul Redding - 2013 - Journal of the Philosophy of History 7 (3):299-325.
    Analytic philosophers are often said to be indifferent or even hostile to the history of philosophy – that is, not to the idea of history of philosophy as such, but regarded as a species of the genus philosophy rather than the genus history. Here it is argued that such an attitude is actually inconsistent with approaches within the philosophies of mind that are typical within analytic philosophy. It is suggested that the common “argument rather than pedigree” claim – that is, (...)
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  48.  28
    Calvin, Van Lodenstein and Barth: Three perspectives on the necessity of church reformation.Wim A. Dreyer - 2017 - HTS Theological Studies 73 (5):53-65.
    During 2017, churches with their roots in the 16th-century Reformation, will be celebrating the legacy of the Reformation. It affords theologians and churches the opportunity to reflect on the principles of the Reformation and its relevance at the start of the 21st century. This contribution reflects on the question of the necessity of church reformation, based on three texts from different periods in the history of the church. Firstly and primarily, Calvin's 'De necessitate reformandae ecclesiae' of 1543 sheds light (...)
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  49.  64
    The necessity of the past and modal-tense logic incompleteness.Michael J. White - 1984 - Notre Dame Journal of Formal Logic 25 (1):59-71.
  50.  77
    Ontic Structural Realism, Information, and Natural Necessity: Where Naturalism and Analytic Metaphysics Can Find Common Ground.William Kallfelz - unknown
    J. Ladyman, Ladyman and Ross refine J. Worral's structural realism, by developing an ontic structural realism which they argue is a consistently naturalistic means of characterizing the ontology of fundamental physics. I argue that elements of analytic metaphysics strengthen and refine their project of characterizing fundamental physics via OSR and by extension, their presentation of information-theoretic structural realism. I refine this point by situating M. Lange’s discussion of nomological modality qua natural necessity within Ladyman and Ross’s discussion of ITSR. (...)
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