새로운 사유의 힘, 자음과모음 뉴아카이브 총서 『성호, 세상을 논하다_성호 이익의 비망록, 성호사설을 다시 읽다』 출간 지난해 ‘뉴아카이브 총서’ 그리고 올 초 ‘하이브리드 총서’를 기획, 출간하며 인문서의 새로운 가능성을 모색한 자음과모음이 2011년 6월, 뉴아카이브 총서 세 번째 책『성호, 세상을 논하다_성호 이익의 비망록, 성호사설을 다시 읽다』를 출간했다. 그간 여러 저술을 통해 옛것의 가치를 되살려온 저자 강명관은 이 책에서 우리 고전 『성호사설』을 텍스트 삼아 지금까지의 작업을 이어가고, 또 넘어선다. 책은 조선 시대 실학자로 이름 높은 성호 이익의 저술 『성호사설』을 독자와 함께 읽어나가며 그 내용과 (...) 의미를 현대적으로 되살린다. 조선 사회를 바라보는 성호의 비판적인 시선과 이를 바라보는 저자의 비판적 시선이 교차하는 지점에서 고전은 ‘지금-여기’의 텍스트로 생생히 살아난다. 저자는 『성호사설』에 실린 글 중 성호의 사상과 저술의 특징을 잘 보여주면서도 조선이라는 특정한 사회상을 선명히 드러내는 글들을 골라 38개의 주제 아래 펼쳐놓는다. 문학에서 정치까지, 조선 시대 지식인의 날카로운 문제의식 『성호사설』은 누구나 한번쯤 들어봤을 유명한 고전이지만, 정작 읽은 이가 드물다. 고전을 지금의 삶에서 동떨어진 과거의 유물로 여기는 태도는 모든 것이 빠르게 바뀌는 현대 한국을 살아가는 사람들에게 어쩌면 당연한 것일지 모른다. 그러나 우리에게 고루한 고전인 이 글은 사실 당대 지식의 최전방에서 써진 글이다. 무려 3007편의 글을 모아 엮은 『성호사설』은 경전과 문학은 물론, 정치, 경제, 관직제도, 외교, 학문, 교육, 서양 소식, 천문, 지리, 전쟁, 무기, 종교, 이단, 풍수, 형벌, 도둑, 유민, 서얼, 노비, 여성, 성性, 의복, 음식, 주거 등 실로 조선사회의 전 국면을 망라하는 방대한 내용을 담고 있다. 『성호, 세상을 논하다』에서 저자 강명관은 한문으로 써진 어려운 고전을 쉽고 생동감 넘치게 풀어놓음으로써 과거와 오늘 사이에 놓인 벽을 허문다. 3007편 모두를 다루진 않고 그중 골자라고 할 만한 글들만을 재편하여 독자와 함께 읽어나가며, 그중에서도 특히 사회 부조리를 드러내는 글들을 주목한다. 책은 인간 성호를 엿볼 수 있는 글에서 시작한다. 1장에 모은 글에서는 학자이기 이전에 한 인간으로서 성호가 어떤 생각을 가지고 있었는지, 어떻게 생활했는지 살필 수 있다. 성호의 소박한 밥상이나 살림살이, 소일거리 등이 담백하게 드러난다. 이 책의 첫 번째 글이기도 한 ‘성호의 생명사상’에서 발견되듯 성호는 검소하고 소박한 삶을 추구했고 만물을 측은하고 공평하게 여겼다. 성호의 생명사상은 즉 만물에 대한 측은지심이며, 이는 백성과 가난한 자들을 살피는 마음으로 이어진다. 2장에서는 비평과 논평 등보다 본격적인 시선을 살펴볼 수 있는데, 백성의 삶과 고충에 대하여, 또 계급이나 제도에 따른 문제에 대하여, 법이나 풍속에 대하여 관찰한 다양한 글을 모았다. 때로 서릿발 같은 비판의 시선으로, 때로 따뜻한 포용의 시선으로 사회 각종군상을 관찰하고 논평한 글을 모은 이 장에서 독자는 성호의 주장뿐만 아니라 조선 시대의 생생한 사회상을 엿볼 수 있다. 백성들의 삶이 고통 받고 무너지는 이유에 대해 성호는 잘 알고 있었다. 사리사욕만을 추구하는 위정자들, 그리고 보다 근본적으로 그들이 권력을 행사하고 부를 착복할 수 있도록 보장된 사회 구조가 문제였다. 뒤이은 3장에서는 이러한 문제들과 그 원인들, 그리고 해결책이라 할 만한 치세와 정치론에 대한 글들을 엮었다. 이 장에 실린 글들은 붕당, 정치, 경제, 외교 등 국가 통치 전략과 구조적 문제들을 다루고 있고 벌열이 붕당으로 붕당이 전쟁으로 이어지는 흐름을 보여준다. 책의 구성은 원래 『성호사설』의 구성을 따르지 않았고, 오늘 날의 독자를 만나기 위해 이같이 새롭게 재편됐다. 『성호, 세상을 논하다』도 그렇거니와, 『성호사설』 자체도 경직되고 진지하기만 한 글은 아니다. 오히려 성호 자신은 이 책에 대하여 ‘한가할 적에 재미삼아서 쓴 글을 모은 것’이라고 하였다. 원래 『성호사설』의 글들은 일정한 목적과 체계 없이 자유롭게 써졌는데, 이러한 비체계성은 자유로운 글쓰기의 가능성을 유감없이 보여주며, 조선 시대 현실을 날카롭게 묘파한 한 지식인의 시선과 문제의식을 오롯이 드러낸다. 과거와 오늘을 관통하는 문제적 시선, 『성호사설』을 다시 읽다! 『성호, 세상을 논하다』는 조선 시대 대표 실학자 성호 이익의 저술 『성호사설』을 누구나 쉽게 읽을 수 있도록 풀어 소개하고 있고 그 내용을 오늘날의 시류에 비추어 전달하고 있다. 이제까지 독자들은 이 고전을 ‘이해하기’보다 ‘배우’며, ‘읽기’보다 ‘외우’며 피상적이고 딱딱한 정보만을 접했었다. 독서의 경험 없이 얻어진 죽은 지식들은 책이 어떤 내용인지 알기도 전에 단절감과 고정관념을 만들어 버렸고, 책과 독자를 멀리 떨어뜨려 놓았다. 강명관의 『성호, 세상을 논하다』는 그동안 우리가 고전에 가지고 있던 고정관념을 뛰어넘을 좋은 계기가 되어준다. 그러나, 이 고전을 박물된 과거의 유적이 아닌 오늘날의 살아있는 텍스트로 변모시키는 것은 무엇보다 성호와 저자의 ‘문제의식’이다. 성호의 문제의식이 벌열과 당파가 만연한 조선사회에 질문을 던지는 것이라면 저자의 전략은 이런 그의 시선을 통해 오늘날의 현실을 고발하는 것이다. 성호의 글들은 조선 사회를 읽는 기표이자 그 자체로 문제의식이지만 강명관의 전략점을 만나며 오늘날의 부조리를 읽어낼 기표가 된다. 오늘날의 칼럼을 연상시키며 당대성을 선명히 드러내는 성호의 글들을 읽으며 독자는 조선 사회라는 특정한 사회의 모습을 관찰할 뿐 아니라 그에 겹쳐지는 21세기 한국을 사는 우리들의 부조리를 읽어낸다. 이렇게 고전은 오늘날의 텍스트로 확장되며, 고전을 대하는 우리의 안일한 태도와 부조리를 외면하는 무관심한 태도에 일침을 놓는다. 한편, 실학자라는 인상에 갇혀 폭넓게 평가되지 못한 성호 이익 역시 이번 글을 통해 실학자로서의 면모뿐 아니라 제야의 지식인으로서, 유학자로서, 유교적 가부장제 안에서 나고 자란 조선남성으로서의 새로운 면모를 드러낸다. 그 중에는 우리가 개혁가라고 생각했던 성호에게서 연상할 수 없는 보수적인 주장이라던가, 소박한 생활인으로서의 모습 등도 있다. 이 책은 성호라는 한 조선의 지식인을 새롭게 조명하고, 그의 눈을 통해 조선이라는 특수한 사회와 그 이면의 문제들을 관찰하며 이를 오늘날의 문제로 되살리는 글이다. 저자의 이런 방법론은 과거와 오늘 사이의 단절을 해소시킬 뿐 아니라 ‘지금-여기’에 사는 우리들의 문제를 되짚어 보게 한다. 강명관의 『성호, 세상을 논하다』는 『성호사설』로 들어가는 첫 걸음일 뿐 아니라, 우리 고전에 다가가는 첫 걸음이 되어줄 것이다. (shrink)

The study reveals the political and ideological journey of Beom-do Hong, a Korean independence fighter and general as reflected in the historical novel of Soviet Korean writer Kim Se-il. Due to to the lack of historical records on Beom-do Hong, stories on his deeds before and after the Japan's annexation of Korea remained at the level of legends. In Korean society, his figure is seen within opposing positions and discourses; to some he is a national hero; to others a communist (...) collaborator. This investigation of the historical novel as a medium for the transmission of shared memories based on the protagonist's battle diary and the recollections of his comrades will fill the gap in the historical memory and contribute to alleviating social political conflicts. Memorial heritage is closely linked to the intangible aspects of heritage, which is an essential driver of development. (shrink)

This paper intends to highlight how the Kazakhs, the indigenous ethnic group that emerged as the leading subject of society in Kazakhstan after independence from the former Soviet Union, reclassify and remodel their self-culture in the new socio-political context. Despite the craving for resuscitating the Islamic tradition, shrunk under colonial domination, rather the indigenous folklorized Islam came to be classified as a pure national tradition under the fear of radical Islamism, causing the exclusion of the orthodox Muslims. This paper looks (...) at hijabed Muslim women, considered to be outside the reclassified boundary of national tradition, and efficiently controlled and marginalized by the discourse produced by the ruling powers. The authors include field research and interviews from a number of participants, making visible the strategies of exclusion and the political narratives constructed around what people should remember and learn. These narratives recollect forms of imperialism which continue to be, in one way or another. (shrink)

This paper investigates the contexts on the grand narrative and the memory manipulation of the media in the case of Soviet Korean migrants. The study focuses on the forced migration of Soviet Koreans and how their memories were covered up by dominant Soviet narratives. Specifically, the paper explores LeninKichi, a Korean newspaper that became the mouth of institutional power. The research brings to light part of the history of Soviet Koreans migrants, whose memories were buried by a socio-cultural system that (...) encouraged narratives of victory and progress through an oppositional symbolism of glorious patriots versus enemies and traitors. (shrink)

This paper investigates microcultural imperialism upon Eastern cultural heritage. In particular, it exposes the loss of Korean cultural artifacts during wars, and also during imperial cultural expeditions, visits of scholarly research groups, and diplomatic encournters. The paper argues that imperialist domination is sometimes concealed in the name of Oriental Studies projects and the assumed superiority of certain nations in terms of knowledge and technology.

Byun et al. describe how deaf signers deal with communication problems in first encounters with signers of different languages. They show that the basic Conversation Analytic repair mechanisms for dealing with verbal troubles are largely reproduced in gesture and sign, including details of turn‐taking structure, timing and form. This underlines the role of repair as a basic resource for linguistic and interactional creativity across modalities.

Byun et al. describe how deaf signers deal with communication problems in first encounters with signers of different languages. They show that the basic Conversation Analytic repair mechanisms for dealing with verbal troubles are largely reproduced in gesture and sign, including details of turn‐taking structure, timing and form. This underlines the role of repair as a basic resource for linguistic and interactional creativity across modalities.

Byun et al. describe how deaf signers deal with communication problems in first encounters with signers of different languages. They show that the basic Conversation Analytic repair mechanisms for dealing with verbal troubles are largely reproduced in gesture and sign, including details of turn‐taking structure, timing and form. This underlines the role of repair as a basic resource for linguistic and interactional creativity across modalities.

本书收辑的40篇论述,基本包括陈康先生用中外文发表的主要学术著作。全书分两部分,前一部分是研究希腊哲学的论文,后一部分是研究一般哲学问题的论述。.

As the world struggles through the COVID‐19 pandemic, we should also be asking what systems‐level measures will be needed to prevent this or even worse disasters from happening in the future. We argue that the pandemic is merely one of potentially myriad and pleiomorphic future global disasters generated by the same underlying dynamical system. We explain that there are four broad but easily identifiable systemic, pathologically networked conditions that are hurtling civilization toward potential self‐destruction. As long as these conditions are (...) not resolved, we should consider catastrophe as an inevitable emergent endpoint from the dynamics. All four conditions can be reversed with collective action to begin creating an enduring and thriving post‐ COVID‐19 world. This will require maximal application of the precautionary principle. (shrink)

As symbols of adaptability and transformation, together with qualities of vigilance and intelligence, we argue the relevance of dragons for spatial planning in China. We develop a metaphorical concept – the green dragon – for grasping the condition of contemporary Chinese societies and for facilitating the development of theories and practices of spatial planning which are able to face the challenges of rapid change. We ask Chinese scholars and spatial planners to liberate Deleuzian potential for strategic spatial planning in a (...) ‘becoming-between, coming-together’ of concepts which can effectively make a difference in the world. Having outlined what we regard as key transversals or diagonals between our reading of Gilles Deleuze and aspects of Chinese philosophy, we then offer the metaphor of strategic spatial planning as Chinese literati landscape painting. This is a form of painting which rejects the idea of the world being supremely organised from a particular point of view, preferring to paint immanence and transformation. Chinese literati landscape paintings, like philosophy and strategic spatial planning, ‘look only at the movements’. We conclude that connections between what concepts of Chinese philosophy and those of Gilles Deleuze can do, suggest that in China, a conception of strategic spatial planning as metaphorical green dragon may offer academics and planning practitioners a transverse way to relate the legacies of past philosophies and current thinking. (shrink)

Graphical AbstractRecent waves of controversies surrounding genetic engineering have spilled into popular science in Twitter battles between reputable scientists and their followers. Here, a cautionary perspective on the possible blind spots and risks of CRISPR and related biotechnologies is presented, focusing in particular on the stochastic nature of cellular control processes.

Parrondo's paradox, in which losing strategies can be combined to produce winning outcomes, has received much attention in mathematics and the physical sciences; a plethora of exciting applications has also been found in biology at an astounding pace. In this review paper, the authors examine a large range of recent developments of Parrondo's paradox in biology, across ecology and evolution, genetics, social and behavioral systems, cellular processes, and disease. Intriguing connections between numerous works are identified and analyzed, culminating in an (...) emergent pattern of nested recurrent mechanics that appear to span the entire biological gamut, from the smallest of spatial and temporal scales to the largest—from the subcellular to the complete biosphere. In analyzing the macro perspective, the pivotal role that the paradox plays in the shaping of biological life becomes apparent, and its identity as a potential universal principle underlying biological diversity and persistence is uncovered. Directions for future research are also discussed in light of this new perspective. (shrink)

Role-based database management systems are most widely used for information storage and analysis but are known as vulnerable to insider attacks. The core of intrusion detection lies in an adaptive system, where an insider attack can be judged if it is different from the predicted role by performing classification on the user’s queries accessing the database and comparing it with the authorized role. In order to handle the high similarity of user queries for misclassified roles, this paper proposes a deep (...) metric neural network with strategic sampling algorithm that properly extracts salient features and directly learns a quantitative measure of similarity. A strategic sampling method of heuristically generating and learning training pairs through Monte Carlo search is proposed to select a training pair that can represent the entire dataset. With the TPC-E–based benchmark data trained with 11,000 queries for 11 roles, the proposed model produces the classification accuracy of 95.41%, which is the highest compared with the previous models. The results are verified through comparison of quantitative and qualitative evaluations, and the feature space modelled in the neural network is analysed by t-SNE algorithm. (shrink)

This article uses the concept of partial organization to examine how organizing principles can facilitate the effective operation of networked forms of corruption. We analyze the case study of a corruption network in the South Korean maritime industry in terms of how it operated by selectively appropriating practices normally associated with formal bureaucratic organizations. Our findings show that organizational elements built into the corruption network enabled coordination of corruption activities and served to distort and override practices within member organizations. The (...) network was primarily organized through the hierarchical organization of a bounded and controlled set of members and, to a lesser extent, through processes of monitoring and sanctions. Given its clandestine nature, the network avoided the use of explicit rules to govern behavior, instead relying on habituated routines to ensure consistent and predictable action from members. We find that organizational elements were rescinded when the corruption network was exposed after the sinking of a passenger ferry, the Sewol. By rolling back its hierarchical organization and reverting to core relationships, the corruption network sought to preserve its center. The article illustrates the explanatory value of studying how the activities of corruption networks are enabled and adapt to existential challenges through partial organization. (shrink)

本书回顾社会认识论研究的发展历程和三个阶段的主要学术进展,提出并初步解决了社会认识论研究中的十个难题,预示其在21世纪的发展方向。.

Shang ce. Kongzi zhe xue bu fen -- Xia ce. Mengzi zhe xue ji Xunzi zhe xue.

The Chinese philosophical tradition aims at a departure from the imperfect reality for the sake of the ideal. But it is also clear to the Chinese philosophers that most people would not follow their footsteps in discarding reality and seeking the ideal. The weakness of the ideal in its incapacity to change the uncultivated man defines a common thread of philosophical thinking in China, and constitutes a bitter truth which these philosophers do not make explicit. Seven philosophers from the fifth (...) to the third centuries B.C.E. are analyzed in order to develop a fresh understanding of the dialectic between the ideal and the uncultivated man: Lao Tzu, Confucius, Mo Tzu, Mencius, Chuang Tzu, Hsun Tzu, and Han Fei. Although I treat them individually rather than group similar topics for comparison, I employ a consistent mode of analysis to study each of them. ;I find that Mo Tzu perceives reality as an oppressive order and attributes it to the egoism of the uncultivated man; and under his system, oppression will prevail since Mo Tzu's proposals of political and religious controls are imperfectly designed. Mencius shows that the uncultivated man is driven by profit and is repulsed by the demands of morality, making it difficult to found a moral polity. Hsun Tzu believes that the irrationality in man withdraws the popular support from a ritual and rational regime. ;Lao Tzu argues that reality is divided between "good" and "evil," which are themselves defined by conventions. Both "good" and "evil" acquire perpetuity, and even Lao Tzu's proposal of primitivism cannot destroy them. Han Fei similarly conceives reality as composed of both moral and immoral men. His statecraft either lends support to morality or is unable to curb wickedness; accordingly, he is incapable of improving reality. ;Confucius observes that his gentlemanly ideal splits into halves as his students appropriate one mode or the other. The gentleman is underappreciated because those embodying one half or the other of the good are not sympathetic to the full ideal. Chuang Tzu thinks that most people are gripped by partisan points of view, while only a few have transcended partisanship. His ideal personality, combining both partisan and nonpartisan standpoints, would appear suspect to most people. (shrink)

The theory of ‘Confucianization of law’ put forward by T’ung-tsu Ch’ü in his book titled Law and Society in Traditional China has a great academic influence in the world. However, ‘Confucianization...

The paper is a critique of traditional and formal models of theological education that historically have developed in the West and are generally adopted by Asian theological schools in Asia. Globalisation and the emergence of Asian Diasporas presented new problems and opportunities for rethinking appropriate models of contextual training. Building on works by Robert Banks, Ian Stackhouse and David Kelsey, the paper will explore contextual models for the Chinese Christian Diasporas in Britain, and suggest some contributions for the renewal of (...) theological education in Asia. (shrink)