Objectives: To examine the experiences of spousal care givers of Alzheimer patients to disclosure of dementia diagnosis and subsequent care.Methods: A random sample of 1943 spousal care givers of people receiving medication for Alzheimer disease was sent a cross-sectional postal survey about their opinions on the disclosure of dementia and follow-up care. A smaller qualitative study included open-ended questions concerning their experiences of the same topics.Results: The response rate for the survey was 77%. Of the respondents, 1214 of 1434 acknowledged (...) themselves as their spouse’s care giver. The mean age of the care givers was 78.2 years, and that of demented spouses, 80.5 years. Of the care givers, 63% were women. The couples had long-lasting marriages. Of the care givers, 93% reported that dementia had been disclosed openly to their spouse; 97% also preferred that physicians openly inform the patients of the dementia diagnosis, although 55% of their spouses with AD had developed depressive symptoms after the disclosure. Of the care givers, 71% felt they had received sufficient information about dementia. However, only 50% estimated that their spouses’ follow-up care had been well organised. The responses in the qualitative study indicated that many care givers felt grief and anxiety. They also expressed feelings of loneliness and uncertainty about how to deal with follow-up care for dementia.Conclusions: Elderly spousal care givers were quite satisfied with the information given them about dementia. However, the support with regard to the follow-up care of care-giving families failed to meet their needs adequately. (shrink)

The studies of urban popular culture in modern China in recent years have attracted wide attention from scholars in China and abroad. The symposium, which is composed by Ma Min’s “Injecting vitality into the studies of urban cultural history,” Jiang Jin’s “Issues in the studies of urban popular culture in modern China,” Wang Di’s “The microcosm of Chinese cities: The perspective and methodology of studying urban popular culture from the case of teahouses in Chengdu,” Joseph W. Esherick’s “Remaking the Chinese (...) city: Urban space and urban culture” and Lu Hanchao’s “From elites to common people: The downward trend in the studies of Chinese urban history in the United States,” provide valuable insights on the perspective, trend, and methodology of the studies. (shrink)

This study presents findings from an ontological and contextual determination of the concept of dignity. The study had a caritative and caring science perspective and a hermeneutical design. The aim of this study was to increase caring science knowledge of dignity and to gain a determination of dignity as a concept. Eriksson’s model for conceptual determination is made up of five part-studies. The ontological and contextual determination indicates that dignity can be understood as absolute dignity, the spiritual dimension characterized by (...) responsibility, freedom, duty, and service, and relative dignity, characterized by the bodily, external aesthetic dimension and the psychical, inner ethical dimension. Dignity exists in human beings both as absolute and relative dignity. (shrink)

The overall objective of this research is to determine the religious perceptions and its levels of university youth and to interpret the findings from the point of view of their psychological features. This research consists of four chapter. These are: introduction, first chapter consist of discussions of the basic concepts such as religiosity, spirituality, second chapter that the data obtained from the survey was assessed the relationships with hypotheses and conclusions in which the findings were interpreted. The study’s population consists (...) of the students at the undergraduate level in faculties of the Erciyes University in 2011-2012. A questionnaire was administered on 553 students, chosen randomly in this population. The survey contains descriptive and Likert style items. As independent variables in this study, branches of science, faculty, department, class, age, gender, living environment for the longest time before coming to university, graduated high school, mother's and father's education level and the accommodation place during training have been taken. When analyzing the data, percentages, frequency distributions, descriptive statistics, analysis of variance (one-way ANOVA) and T-Tests and Chi-Square (x²) techniques were used. As a result of this research hypotheses associated with gender, age, branches of science, faculty and department were confirmed on the other hand the others were rejected. (shrink)

Abstract:This paper contends that rationality is more properly evaluated as a property of an organization’s relationships with its stakeholders than of the organization itself. We predicate our approach on the observation that stakeholders can hold goals quite distinct from those of owners and top managers, and these too can be rationally pursued. We build upon stakeholder theory and Weber’s classic distinction betweenwertrationalitatandzweckrationalitat, adding to them the “new institutionalist” concept of the organization field (1983, 1991). Stakeholders employ a variety of direct (...) and indirect mechanisms to rationalize relations with the firm. We discuss four: internal subunits, legislated stakeholder participation, legislated access to information, and direct stakeholder activism. These developments are blurring the distinction between the environment and the organization by importing the values and goals of external stakeholders into the internal organization. They are also precipitating a more structured set of relationships among the actors who comprise the field. To the extent that thezweckrationalitatvalues of managers and owners as well as thewertrationalitatconcerns of stakeholders are met, the firm is more rational. (shrink)

Two works: the first is a commentary on Book Lambda of Aristotle's Metaphysics; the second is a section of Avicenna's commentary on the so-called "Theology of Aristotle.

BackgroundSocial networking sites (SNSs) have penetrated all aspects of health care professionals’ (HCPs’) professional and private lives. A new term, e-professionalism, has emerged, which describes the linking of traditional values with this new dynamic online environment for HCPs. The four aims of this study were: (1) to examine their SNS prevalence and usage habits, (2) to examine their perception of e-professionalism, (3) to develop an e-professionalism assessment compatibility index and (4) to investigate their tendencies and differences in values of the (...) e-professionalism assessment compatibility index (ePACI).MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted among MDs and DMDs in Croatia via email using a questionnaire. The questionnaire was distributed to all MDs and DMDs who were members of their respective chambers. In addition to descriptive statistics, Chi-square or Fisher’s exact test when appropriate, t-test, ANOVA and Mann–Whitney U tests were used to determine differences between groups. A principal component analysis (PCA) with varimax rotation was used to investigate dimensionality. Results of the PCA were compared to the coding based on the Social Media e-Professionalism rubric in order to create the ePACI.ResultsOf the 1013 gathered responses, 753 were from valid SNS users and suitable for further analysis. Facebook (91.6%) and Instagram (63.1%) were the predominant SNSs used. Both groups have a good understanding of e-professionalism. The newly developed ePACI deviates slightly in the “conservative” direction in the cases of both, MDs (t506 = 19.033, p < 0.001) and DMDs (t245 = 12.991, p < 0.001). HCPs who are older (r = 0.308, p < 0.001), who have fewer SNS profiles (rs = −0.142, p < 0.001), and who access their profiles less frequently (r = −0.166, p < 0.001) have statistically significantly more conservative ePACI values.ConclusionsMDs and DMDs in Croatia are frequent SNS users, with Facebook and Instagram being the main SNSs used. Both groups have a good understanding of e-professionalism. The newly developed ePACI deviates slightly towards the conservative side regarding perception of the e-professionalism content for both groups. The development of the ePACI, and its subsequent usage in further research, will have a direct influence in its validation, gathering comparable data, and be able to direct efforts in oversight, regulation and education. (shrink)

Hypnotic responding might be due to attenuated frontal lobe functioning after the hypnotic induction. Little is known about whether personality traits linked with frontal functioning are associated with responsiveness to hypnotic suggestions. We assessed whether hypnotic suggestibility is related to the traits of self-control and impulsivity in 154 participants who completed the Brief Self-Control Scale, the Self-Regulation Scale, the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale , and the Harvard Group Scale of Hypnotic Susceptibility . BIS-11 non-planning impulsivity correlated positively with HGSHS:A . Furthermore, (...) in the best model emerging from a stepwise multiple regression, both non-planning impulsivity and self-control positively predicted hypnotic suggestibility, and there was an interaction of BIS-11 motor impulsivity with gender. For men only, motor impulsivity tended to predict hypnotic suggestibility. Hypnotic suggestibility is associated with personality traits linked with frontal functioning, and hypnotic responding in men and women might differ. (shrink)

1. Hŏryŏng, t'ŏng piŏ yŏnghwarhan maŭm -- 2. Ajik tŭrŏnaji anŭn maŭm esŏ chigak i kanŭng han'ga -- 3. Mibal kwa kijil ŭn ŏttŏn kwan'gye in'ga -- 4. Umjiginŭn maŭm kwa koyohan maŭm -- 5. Chigak ŭi sŏnggyŏk kwa kŭ yŏnwŏn e kwanhan munje.

The question of providence and contingency in contemporary Western thought: a critical study from an Islamic perspective.

한국 인문학의 새 지형도, 자음과모음 하이브리드 총서 자음과모음은 지난 12월에 정통 학술 총서 ‘새로운 사유의 힘, 뉴아카이브 총서’를 선보인데 이어 올 3월에 한국 인문학의 새 지형을 그려나갈 ‘하이브리드 총서’를 펴낸다. 국내 학자들의 집필서만으로 구성되는 이 총서는 “경계 간 글쓰기, 분과 간 학문하기, 한국 인문학의 새 지형도”라는 캐치프레이즈 아래 ‘통섭’의 학문하기가 한국의 환경에서 어떻게 구현되는지를 보여주는 매우 주목할 만한 사례가 될 것이다. 이 총서로 펴내는 책들은 지난 2~3년간 계간 문예지 『자음과모음』의 ‘스펙트라’, ‘하이브리드’ 꼭지를 통해 연재된 인문, 사회, 과학, 예술 제 분야의 (...) 원고를 대상으로 하는데, 총서 발간을 계기로 일정한 퇴고 기간을 거쳐 좀 더 핍진한 주제의식과 매력적인 문체로 짜임새 있게 가다듬었다. 국내 학자들의 야심 찬 학문적 실험과 매력적인 글쓰기가 한데 어우러진, 국내에서 자체로 생산되는 보기 드문 총서가 아닐 수 없다. 하이브리드 총서 1차분은 문학평론가이자 작곡가인 최정우의 『사유의 악보―이론의 교배와 창궐을 위한 불협화음의 비평들』, 디자인 연구자 박해천의 『콘크리트 유토피아』, 여성학자 권김현영 외 5인의 『남성성과 젠더』 총 3권이다. 음악, 문학, 철학, 미학, 정치학, 심리학, 신학, 윤리학 등 다방면의 이론을 교배시키며 현란하면서도 핍진한 사유의 장을 펼쳐 보이는 최정우, ‘아파트’라는 프레임을 통해 한국의 세대론과 시각문화를 통찰하는 박해천, 남성성이라는 주제 아래 젠더론의 새 논법을 제시하는 권김현영 외 5인 등, 익숙한 대상들을 낯선 시각과 실험적인 방법론을 통해 새롭게 조명해낸 이들의 탐구는 작금의 인문학도들에게 참조해야 할 중요한 판본이 될 것이다. 향후 이택광, 이현우, 박원익, 정여울 등의 근간도 준비 중이다. 한국 이론계에 출현한 새로운 ‘사유’의 가능성: 13개의 악장과 8개의 변주로 이루어진 사유의 악보 하이브리드 총서 첫 번째 책, 최정우의 『사유의 악보―이론의 교배와 창궐을 위한 불협화음의 비평들』은 오늘날의 사유와 사태를 규정한 근대의 이론과 작품 들을 교차하고 병치하고 혼합함으로써 근대와 근대 이후, 그리고 그 이후를 사유하는 비평에세이로, 작곡가이자 비평가인 저자가 지난 10년간 써온 글들을 다듬어 엮었다. 번역, 평론, 음악, 연극 등 다양한 분야에서 활동하고 있는 저자는 음악, 문학, 철학, 미학, 정치학, 심리학, 신학, 윤리학 등 예술?인문학 분야의 다양한 작품과 담론들을 독특한 방식으로 ‘접붙이는’ 비평 방식을 통해 경계의 경계되는 지점을 질문하고 새로운 사유, 새로운 글쓰기의 가능성을 찾는다. 이 책은 저자가 2000년부터 2010년까지 다양한 지면을 통해 썼던 글들과 미발표한 글들을 모은 것으로 1990년대 소위 ‘포스트모더니즘’의 철학이 풍미하고 그 이식의 행위들이 횡행했던 한국의 이론적이고 실제적인 풍경 속에서 쓰였다. 하나의 서곡과 하나의 종곡, 그리고 13개의 악장들과 8개의 변주곡들로 구성되어 있는 이 글들은 음악, 문학 등의 작품 비평에서 이론, 철학, 미학에 이르는 메타비평, 정치학과 심리학 등의 철학이론, 자서전 읽기, 좌담 등에 이르기까지 각각이 다양하고 고유한 사유의 작업들로서 편의상 분류한 위와 같은 이름들로 포섭하기 어렵다는 특징을 갖는다. 악장과 변주곡들로 비유된 이 글들은 서로 다른 분과의 학문과 대상들 간의 낯선 결합으로 이루어져 있다. 이 혼종의 사유, 하이브리드적 시도는 저자의 약력에서 예감되듯 체질적인 것인 동시에, 그 자체로 단순한 치환이 갖는 폭력에 대한 저자의 ‘문제의식’으로, 즉 의도라고도 할 수 있다. 새로운 사유와 글쓰기를 위한, 나아가 새로운 이론을 형성하기 위한 위험한 ‘감행’이다. 새로운 전시를 알리는 불친절한 책의 도발: 질문 없는 세대에게 던져진 몇 개의 아포리아 저자는 이 책에서 다양한 사태와 사례로써 근대와 탈근대를 조망하지만 단지 그것이 무엇인지 규명하는 데서 멈추지 않고 그 이후를 사유해야 한다고 종용한다. 언어와 이미지가 범람하는 이 시대의 우울과 불안, 그리고 무엇보다 무감각을 이유로 들면서 저자는 다시 이론과 사유가 가동되어야 할 필요성을 절박하게 외친다. 우리가 인간이기 때문에, 혹은 인문학이 위기인 시대에 살고 있기 때문에 사유해야 하는 것이 아니라, 오히려 그러한 강요된 이데올로기에서 새롭게 사유해야 할 근거를 찾는 것이다. 따라서 저자는 ‘시대’ 혹은 ‘세대’라고 하는 구성된 집단적 주체와 인위적 시공간에 대해 도발적 질문을 던진다, 그것들을 전복하기 위해. 이데올로기가 바로 그 이데올로기에 대한 해명과 폭로로써만은 결코 사라지지 않는 것과 마찬가지로, 우리 시대 혹은 세대가 지닌 불안과 우울에 대한 깊은 무감각은 그것의 직접적 원인으로 생각되는 것들을 파악하고 제시한다고 해서 절대 깨지거나 사라지지 않는다. 저자는 그래서 이러한 사태를 극단으로 가져간다. 저자는 이 책이 ‘확신을 가진 이들만을 위한 것’이라고 확신을 가지고 말한다. 이 책은 ‘설득’에 대한 믿음과 ‘절멸’에 대한 의지를 양극단에 대립항으로 위치시키는 철학적이고 실천적인 어떤 극단의 선택이라는 문제를 제출한다. ‘윤리인가 불가능성인가, 미학인가 정치학인가, 자기인가 타자인가, 번역인가 오역인가, 유물론인가 유신론인가, 동지인가 적인가, 시인가 소설인가, 정주인가 횡단인가, 합의인가 파국인가, 쇠렌 키르케고르의 어법을 차용해 이것인가 저것인가.’ 이러한 선택의 문제란 오히려 어떤 ‘선택 불가능성’에 대한 이론의 ‘가능성’을 열어젖힌다. 절멸의 가능성 혹은 불가능성을 사유하고 그 이전과 이후를 사유할 것을 역설하는 이 책의 글들은 이론 이후를 사유하고, 사유 이후를 실천하며, 실천 이후를 이론화하는, 오늘날 혁명을 사유하는 이론적 실험이다. 불친절한 의도를 가지고 쓰인 이 책은 ‘이론’의 증폭과 심화, ‘혁명’을 위한 친절한 ‘매뉴얼’인 것이다. (shrink)

This paper investigates what choices teachers made and what rationales they offered related to the inclusion and exclusion of primary source photographs for a hypothetical unit about the U.S. Civil Rights Movement in order to better understand teachers’ curricular decision-making as it relates to representing the histories of oppressed people. Elementary and secondary social studies/history teachers from three different in-service and pre-service cohorts ( n=62) selected and discarded images from a bank of 25 famous and lesser-known photographs. Their decisions and (...) explanations were coded for emergent themes. Findings reveal that these teachers tended to be guided by criteria both technical (how they might teach using a particular photograph) and philosophical (why they might teach about a particular photograph), with narrow definitions of what they deemed relevant and appropriate for their students. Their choices constructed a sanitized narrative of the Civil Rights Movement that largely avoided a discussion of racism. (shrink)

Biodefense and emerging infectious disease animal research aims to avoid or ameliorate human disease, suffering, and death arising, or potentially arising, from natural outbreaks or intentional deployment of some of the world’s most dreaded pathogens. Top priority research goals include finding vaccines to prevent, diagnostic tools to detect, and medicines for smallpox, plague, ebola, anthrax, tularemia, and viral hemorrhagic fevers, among many other pathogens (National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases [NIAID] priority pathogens). To this end, increased funding for conducting (...) research, developing research facilities, and purchasing (stockpiling) developed vaccines, diagnostic tools, and therapeutics .. (shrink)

Svar på spørgsmål om kvinder bl. a. om bryllupsnatten, at føde børn, at gå i bad, at få gæster, såkaldte stedsøsterlige forhold (lesbiske forhold) mm. Skrevet af den øverste muslimske præst under Safavidernes dynasti.

Brazilian and US American children were compared for differences in tolerance and punishment expectancy. We hypothesized that participants would be less tolerant and more punishing of moral than conventional violations; tolerance and punishment expectancy would relate with age; Brazilians would tolerate less and expect more punishment than US Americans; and social domain would moderate effects of age and nationality. The sample had 129 matched children from Brazil and the USA. Moral/conventional-violation vignettes were used. Mixed-model GLMs suggested that children were less (...) tolerant and more punishing of moral than social-conventional violations. Age effects were significant for tolerance. Brazilians scored lower on tolerance and higher on punishment expectancy than US Americans; they also differentiated less between violation domains than US Americans. These and other results suggest that Brazilians tolerate less but expect more punishment for violations than US Americans. Discussion is based on cultural and socio-historical differences between the two nations. (shrink)

1-pu. Ŭmak kwa yŏsŏng -- 1. Wae widaehan ŭmakka nŭn modu namsŏng in'ga? -- 2. Ŭmakchŏk kabujangje -- 3. Ch'angjak hwaltong esŏŭi yŏsŏng sooe -- 4. Yŏsŏng ŭmakka ŭi sŏng yŏkhal -- 5. Ŭmak kyoyuk esŏŭi sŏng ch'abyŏl -- 6. Widaehan yŏsŏng ŭmakka ŭi t'ansaeng ŭl wihayŏ -- 2-pu. Ŭmak sok ŭi yŏsŏng -- 1. Ŭmak chakp'um esŏŭi namsŏng kwa yŏsŏng -- 2. Ŭmak esŏ kulchŏl toen yŏsŏng imiji -- 3. Ŭmak sok ŭi yŏngung kwa ch'angnyŏ ŭi yŏkhal -- 4. (...) Tongsŏngae wa ŭmakchŏk tamnon-- 5. Kŭrŏt'amyŏn p'eminijŭm ŭmak ŭn kanŭng han'ga? (shrink)

BackgroundThe U.S. Food and Drug Administration traditionally has kept confidential significant amounts of information relevant to the approval or non-approval of specific drugs, devices, and biologics and about the regulatory status of such medical products in FDA’s pipeline.ObjectiveTo develop practical recommendations for FDA to improve its transparency to the public that FDA could implement by rulemaking or other regulatory processes without further congressional authorization. These recommendations would build on the work of FDA’s Transparency Task Force in 2010.MethodsIn 2016-2017, we convened (...) a team of academic faculty from Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Yale Medical School, Yale Law School, and Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health to develop recommendations through an iterative process of reviewing FDA’s practices, considering the legal and policy constraints on FDA in expanding transparency, and obtaining insights from independent observers of FDA.ResultsThe team developed 18 specific recommendations for improving FDA’s transparency to the public. FDA could adopt all these recommendations without further congressional action.FundingThe development of the Blueprint for Transparency at the U.S. Food and Drug Administration was funded by the Laura and John Arnold Foundation. (shrink)