Ayant vécu un moment décisif de son enfance en France pendant la Deuxième Guerre mondiale, Claire Hsu Accomando y consacre ce livre de souvenirs qui, chose rare, est paru directement en anglais. Love and Rutabaga est un document-témoignage qui donne à réfléchir sur l’histoire des femmes, sur la vie quotidienne, et sur la mémoire. La singularité du projet consiste en la narration d’une grande personne qui raconte son enfance à cinquante ans d’intervalle du point de vue de l’enfant. Il en (...) résul... (shrink)

Ayant vécu un moment décisif de son enfance en France pendant la Deuxième Guerre mondiale, Claire Hsu Accomando y consacre ce livre de souvenirs qui, chose rare, est paru directement en anglais. Love and Rutabaga est un document-témoignage qui donne à réfléchir sur l’histoire des femmes, sur la vie quotidienne, et sur la mémoire. La singularité du projet consiste en la narration d’une grande personne qui raconte son enfance à cinquante ans d’intervalle du point de vue de l’enfant. Il en (...) résul... (shrink)

La notion de « différence des sexes » est porteuse de nouveaux enseignements sur les formes et le fonctionnement de la Résistance. Du rôle des femmes dans la Résistance à la construction de comportements dits « masculins » et « féminins », les problématiques, approches et objets d'étude ont évolué dans le demi siècle depuis la fin de la Deuxième Guerrre mondiale. Le caractère sexué des rôles, des moyens de lutte et de la mémoire résistante découle en grande partie de (...) leur contexte social et politique, hautement structuré au préalable par la différence des sexes. Des problèmes conceptuels et épistémologiques restent à affronter, tels la définition de « résistance » et la catégorie universalisée de « femmes ». (shrink)

La notion de « différence des sexes » est porteuse de nouveaux enseignements sur les formes et le fonctionnement de la Résistance. Du rôle des femmes dans la Résistance à la construction de comportements dits « masculins » et « féminins », les problématiques, approches et objets d'étude ont évolué dans le demi siècle depuis la fin de la Deuxième Guerrre mondiale. Le caractère sexué des rôles, des moyens de lutte et de la mémoire résistante découle en grande partie de (...) leur contexte social et politique, hautement structuré au préalable par la différence des sexes. Des problèmes conceptuels et épistémologiques restent à affronter, tels la définition de « résistance » et la catégorie universalisée de « femmes ». (shrink)

This paper is concerned with unhoming secure ideas and practices of knowledge creation, through non-hierarchical, boundary-crossing forms of pedagogy, in order to attend to how processes of enquiry matter, whenever we engage in the struggle to address injustice, and not only for humans. Entrenched assumptions related to age, phase, or education setting, are brought into question, to blur distinctions such as for/with; child/adult; playful/serious and learning/teaching/research and to explore further possibilities for creative enquiry. Practices of enquiry are theorised through the (...) movement of Philosophy for/with Children, its community of enquiry pedagogy, and philosophy with picturebooks. What more can happen, when vibrant matter is taken into account, is a driving question. “Thing-power” and “thinking-through-making” are activated as part of this exploration. Through accounts of research events from two international projects, the paper draws attention to artists Viviane Schwartz and Paula Rego, their picturebook artworks, and their artistic processes. Each example shows how the artists, artworks and processes came into play through the events, provoking different forms of experimentation. Through exemplification, showing rather than telling, further possibilities for creative enquiry might be inspired. (shrink)

In this study, we investigated endorsement of two types of prescriptive views of aging, namely active aging and altruistic disengagement. The study comprised a large international sample of middle-aged and older adults, covering the age range from 40 to 90 years. Participants rated their personal endorsement of prescriptive views of active aging and altruistic disengagement targeting older adults in general. Findings showed that endorsement was higher for prescriptions for active aging than for prescriptions for altruistic disengagement. Age groups in the (...) sample differed regarding their endorsement of both prescriptive views of active aging and altruistic disengagement with older adults showing higher endorsement than middle-aged adults did. Prescriptive views of active aging and altruistic disengagement related positively to each other and to the superordinate social belief that older adults should not become a burden, which attests to their functional similarity. In contrast, prescriptive views of active aging and altruistic disengagement were associated with psychological adjustment in opposite ways, with endorsement of active aging being related to better adjustment outcomes such as life satisfaction and subjective health. Our findings highlight the internalization of prescriptive views of aging in older people and their implications for their development and well-being. (shrink)

Given the technological constraints of long-duration space travel and planetary settlement, off-Earth humans will likely need to employ food systems very different from their terrestrial counterparts, and newly emerging food technologies are being developed that will shape novel food systems in these off-Earth contexts. Projected off-Earth food systems may therefore potentially “alienate” their users in new ways compared to Earth-based food systems. They will be susceptible to alienation in ways that are similar to such potential on Earth, where there are (...) points of overlap between off-Earth food systems and any of the multitudes of ways in which food systems on Earth are structured. They will also be susceptible to new forms of alienation, as we encounter scenarios that are genuinely structurally novel to humanity. These are especially important to consider since there are comparatively fewer analyses of these food systems where they differ from existing ones. We propose five non-exhaustive sources of value beyond nutrition our individual relationships with a food may possess: gustatory, social, cultural, epistemic, and authorial value. Using these, we offer examples of ways in which an off-Earth food system may exacerbate or alleviate alienation for humans in long-term off-Earth food systems. (shrink)

A major obstacle for materialist theories of the mind is the problem of sensory consciousness. How could a physical brain produce conscious sensory states that exhibit the rich and luxurious qualities of red velvet, a Mozart concerto or fresh-brewed coffee? Caging the Beast: A Theory of Sensory Consciousness offers to explain what these conscious sensory states have in common, by virtue of being conscious as opposed to unconscious states. After arguing against accounts of consciousness in terms of higher-order representation of (...) mental states, the theory claims that sensory consciousness is a special way we have of representing the world. The book also introduces a way of thinking about subjectivity as separate and more fundamental than consciousness, and considers how this foundational notion can be developed into more elaborate varieties. An appendix reviews the connection between consciousness and attention with an eye toward providing a neuropsychological instantiation of the proposed theory. (shrink)

This article explores the accounts of Canadian-trained health professionals working in humanitarian and development organizations who considered not treating a patient or group of patients because of resource limitations. In the narratives, not treating the patient(s) was sometimes understood as the right thing to do, and sometimes as wrong. In analyzing participants’ narratives we draw attention to how medications and equipment are represented. In one type of narrative, medications and equipment are represented primarily as scarce resources; in another, they are (...) represented as patient care. In the contexts respondents were working, medications and equipment were often both patient care interventions and scarce resources. The analytic point is that health professionals tend to emphasize one conceptualization over the other in coming to assert that not treating is right, or wrong. Rendering tacit ethical frameworks more explicit makes them available for reflection and debate. (shrink)

Contextualizar os processos oriundos de um período pandêmico é reconhecer que, para a nossa sociedade, o que vivemos com a pandemia da Covid-19 foi, de fato, inédito e histórico. Além de apresentar um cenário de acúmulo de emoções, mudança de rotina e sentimentos de medo e angústias, uma nova forma de interação social e trabalho precisou ser vivenciada. Assim, verificamos a importância de levantar reflexões acerca da maternidade vivenciada no contexto de isolamento social pelas mulheres que são mães discentes e (...) que precisaram conciliar suas atividades de cuidados diários com os estudos acadêmicos. É fundamental refletir sobre como funcionou o ambiente universitário no formato virtual e como tem sido o processo de retorno às aulas presenciais. Desse modo, neste artigo, o objetivo é apresentar reflexões acerca dos efeitos que o isolamento social no contexto da Covid-19 pode ter gerado à saúde mental de mulheres que são mães e universitárias. Tal texto compõe o levantamento bibliográfico do projeto de pesquisa “Atenção à saúde mental de mães universitárias no contexto da Covid-19”, realizado no curso de Psicologia da Universidade Federal do Pará. Acreditamos ser possível vivenciar no ambiente acadêmico aquilo que consideramos uma clínica da situação contemporânea e que colabora para a criação de espaços de acolhimento dentro da Universidade. No caso específico desta pesquisa, buscamos um acolhimento voltado para as mães universitárias que buscam permanecer nesses espaços, mesmo diante de tantos desafios. (shrink)

The negative consequences of physicians' failure to establish and maintain personal relationships with patients are at the heart of the humanistic crisis in medicine. To resolve this crisis, a new model of doctor-patient interaction is proposed, based on the ideas of Martin Buber's philosophy of dialogue. This model shows how the physican may successfully combine the personal (I-Thou) and impersonal (I-It) aspects of medicine in three stages. These Three Stages of Medical Dialogue include:1. An Initial Personal Meeting stage, which initiates (...) the doctor-patient relationship and involves mutual confirmation; 2. An Examination stage, which requires a shift from a personal to an impersonal style of interaction; 3. An Integration Through Dialogue or Healing Through Meeting Stage, which involves the integration of the impersonal medical data into the ongoing dialogue between doctor and patient, as a basis for shared decision-making. The use of the model, as well as common failures of doctor-patient dialogue are discussed. (shrink)

Philosophical theories of memory rarely distinguish between importantly different sorts of memory: procedural, semantic and episodic. I argue for a temporal representation theory to explain the unique characteristic of episodic memory as the only form of conscious memory. A careful distinction between implicit and explicit representation shows how the past figures in memory. In procedural and semantic memory, the influence of the past is implicit by which I mean that the past experience is used but not represented in the skill (...) or knowledge. Episodic memory, in contrast, depends on representing a past experience as past. On a temporal representation theory of consciousness, a conscious state represents the present moment, and in the case of episodic memory, it includes a representation of past experience. The embedded account of the ‘feeling of pastness’ takes past experience to be part of the explicit content of a conscious state. An episodic memory is a representation of the present that includes a representation of the past. Whereas a higher-order theory of consciousness can give no reason why only episodic memories are conscious, a temporal theory explains why episodic memories are both higher-order and conscious. Finally, I consider the essential role of episodic memory in the formation of a temporally extended self. The demands of a social environment motivate development of an ability to track the mental states of others and oneself over time. By incorporating past experience (and future experience) into the present, episodic memory extends experience in time to form the sense of self. Through a careful examination of the function of temporal representation, we can see why the past is not consciously represented in procedural and semantic memory and the value of consciously representing the past in episodic memory. (shrink)

Backdating of stock options is an example of an agency problem. It has emerged despite all the measures (i.e., new regulations and additional corporate governance mechanisms) aimed at addressing such problems? Beyond such negative controlling measures, a more positive empowering approach based on ethics may also be necessary. What ethical measures need to be taken to address the agency problem? What values and norms should guide the board of directors in protecting the shareholders' interests? To examine these issues, we first (...) discuss the role values and norms can play with respect to underlying corporate governance and the proper role of directors, such as transparency, accountability, integrity (which is reflected in proper mechanisms of checks and balances), and public responsibility. Second, we discuss various stakeholder approaches (e.g., government, directors, managers, and shareholders) by which conflicts of interest (i.e., the agency problem) can be addressed. Third, we assess the practice of backdating stock options, as an illustration of the agency problem, in terms of whether the practice is legally acceptable or ethically justifiable. Fourth, we proceed to an analysis of good corporate governance practice involving backdating options based on a series of ethical standards including: (1) trustworthiness; (2) utilitarianism; (3) justice; and (4) Kantianism. We conclude that while executive compensation schemes (e. g., stock options) were originally intended to help remedy the agency problem by tying together the interests of the executives and shareholders, these schemes may have actually become "part of the problem," and that the solution ultimately depends upon whether directors and executives accept that all of their actions must be based on a set of core ethical values. (shrink)

Dois episódios marcaram a formação de Marilena Chaui e a transformaram numa das maiores filósofas contemporâneas. Este artigo trata desses dois episódios.

O presente artigo tem por pretensão central discutir alguns aspectos fundamentais da crítica de Nietzsche à metafísica, já nas suas primeiras reflexões filosóficas. Para tanto, serão mobilizados alguns de seus principais argumentos contra o estabelecimento da vontade como coisa em si no pensamento de Arthur Schopenhauer, e, por conseguinte, contra o próprio estatuto da metafísica nesta filosofia, de tal modo que se possa demonstrar as soluções encontradas pelo próprio autor a favor da possibilidade da metafísica. O artigo conta ainda, desse (...) modo, poder contribuir para as discussões em torno da relação entre reflexões privadas e textos publicados do filósofo alemão, na medida em que defende a tese de que a partir de uma análise da crítica à metafísica em suas anotações pessoais se pode compreender os germes da mudança de postura em relação à mesma em seus textos publicados. (shrink)

In this study, we investigated explicit and implicit endorsement of prescriptive age stereotypes. To achieve that, we captured endorsement of a wide range of prescriptive expectations targeting both younger and older people. Younger and older adults participated in the study. We assessed implicit endorsement of prescriptive age stereotypes with the Propositional Evaluation Paradigm and used a direct measure to assess explicit endorsement. In general, we found strong support for age-specificity in both explicit and implicit endorsement of prescriptive age stereotypes: Sentences (...) ascribing expectations for young/old to the respective age group were endorsed much more strongly than sentences in which expectations for young/old were ascribed to the other age group. Age group differences in the endorsement of prescriptive age stereotypes were found. Compared to younger participants, older participants showed stronger endorsement for prescriptive beliefs targeting both younger and older targets. Explicit and implicit endorsement of prescriptive age stereotypes did not correlate with one another, thus revealing they might assess independent belief systems with different predictive potential. (shrink)

According to the authors of Populism and Civil Society, ‘populism is situated within the democratic imaginary’ but its logic is authoritarian. This article agrees with the first but challenges the second argument by focussing on the question of representation. In the case of ‘populism as government’ the tensions between bottom-up and top-down articulations seem to be more or less resolved by the repression of bottom-up organization, but in so doing, so the argument of this article, populism is mutating into something (...) else. Furthermore, ‘populist dictatorship’ seems to be closer to a dictatorship strategically using populist tools than to an intrinsic populist logic. While I agree with the authors on the authoritarian cases of populism in government, my argument diverges from the book when it comes to populism as government and introduces a discussion about the nature of populism. To this purpose, I first propose a complex definition of populism which understands populism not as the essence, but as one component of hybrid authoritarian formations, thus enabling the disentanglement of populism, authoritarianism, and totalitarianism. Second, I examine two components of populism that Arato and Cohen lay out in the book: the specific representation pars pro toto and embodiment. Building on Lefort, I argue that these components are not populist but totalitarian and that the empirical manifestations of populism are always hybrid, mixing populist and authoritarian or even totalitarian components. (shrink)

The aim of this paper is to analyze, with approximate order, two ethical positions. To achieve this goal, the text will look in their introductory considerations, the context and objectives of Kierkegaard´s Works of Love, since there is clearly expressed the ethics second the Danish author. In its first part, the focus of the article will consist in evaluating the rationality of ethics of duty especially through an investigation of goodwill and freedom, which is developed in the third section of (...) the Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals. In the second part, the paper will analyze the speech Kierkegaardian Thou shalt love, which is part of the Works of Love. Finally, in conclusion, be carried out approaches and pointed out the significant differences between the two thinkers. Here will be used more intensively, also the reflections of commentators from both authors. However, the main focus of the research will take place around the Kierkegaardian reflections, which will be evaluated in a more exhaustive. Reflection on Kant's moral philosophy does not go just the same, but rather seek to understand it in dialogue with the philosophy of Kierkegaard. (shrink)

Self-conflict is a feature of most women’s lives, particularly as we struggle to balance the demands of work and family. Theories of autonomy that rest on a notion of a coherent self treat self-conflict as incompatible with autonomy; therefore, women who suffer self-conflict fail to act autonomously. Though autonomy and self-conflict can be accommodated by conceiving of autonomy as a matter of degree relative to a context of choice, this result sanctions a political system that forces the prioritization of one (...) context over another. Yet choices in one context often compromise choices in another context, creating a situation where acting autonomously simultaneously diminishes autonomy. Given that autonomous choice justifies political liberalism, it is unjust that choices are set against one another in this way. Consequently, the burden on liberal governments to address the structural sources of self-conflict is far greater than is often supposed. (shrink)

Dando continuidade às discussões iniciadas em “O ‘sentido da vida’ em Schopenhauer e Nietzsche”, o presente artigo analisa o problema do “sentido da vida” na filosofia contemporânea, tomando como referência sobretudo o pensamento de um autor pouco debatido no Brasil: Thomas Nagel. Inicia-se com uma breve retomada do tema em Schopenhauer e Nietzsche (1); indica-se em que medida ele surge apenas nas últimas décadas como uma preocupação da filosofia contemporânea de língua inglesa (2); analisa-se como Nagel trata do mesmo em (...) seu pensamento, sobretudo na obra Visão a partir de lugar nenhum(3); conclui-se comparando as posições de Nagel, Schopenhauer e Nietzsche (4). (shrink)

O presente artigo possui duas divisões básicas. Na primeira, almeja-se avaliar algumas das teses de Jacobi presentes na obra Proposições preliminares sobre a dependência e a liberdade do homem. Na segunda parte, o intuito é investigar a influência de Jacobi no pensamento de Kierkegaard, especialmente por meio de uma leitura selecionada de trechos dos Diários e das obras Migalhas filosóficas e Pós-escrito às migalhas filosóficas. Por fim, à guisa de conclusão, pretendemos ressaltar a importância de algumas das teses de Jacobi (...) na obra do autor dinamarquês. (shrink)

O presente artigo tem por objetivo demonstrar como o Estado mínimo proposto por Robert Nozick invariavelmente tenderia a acabar, a menos que seus membros fossem coagidos pelo poder central a contribuir para sua manutenção. E, neste caso, obviamente violaria os direitos e liberdades que o mesmo Estado proposto pelo filósofo teria função de garantir. Analisaremos as falhas no modelo proposto por Nozick através de um viés econômico, demonstrando através da teoria dos jogos e da lógica da ação coletiva, como uma (...) organização provedora de bens públicos não-excludentes é vulnerável à atuação de free- riders, aumentando assim os custos de sua atuação, e diminuindo os incentivos para sua existência. (shrink)

Philosophical theories of memory rarely distinguish between importantly different sorts of memory: procedural, semantic and episodic. I argue for a temporal representation theory to explain the unique characteristic of episodic memory as the only form of conscious memory. A careful distinction between implicit and explicit representation shows how the past figures in memory. In procedural and semantic memory, the influence of the past is implicit by which I mean that the past experience is used but not represented in the skill (...) or knowledge. Episodic memory, in contrast, depends on representing a past experience as past. On a temporal representation theory of consciousness, a conscious state represents the present moment, and in the case of episodic memory, it includes a representation of past experience. The embedded account of the ‘feeling of pastness’ takes past experience to be part of the explicit content of a conscious state. An episodic memory is a representation of the present that includes a representation of the past. Whereas a higher-order theory of consciousness can give no reason why only episodic memories are conscious, a temporal theory explains why episodic memories are both higher-order and conscious. Finally, I consider the essential role of episodic memory in the formation of a temporally extended self. The demands of a social environment motivate development of an ability to track the mental states of others and oneself over time. By incorporating past experience (and future experience) into the present, episodic memory extends experience in time to form the sense of self. Through a careful examination of the function of temporal representation, we can see why the past is not consciously represented in procedural and semantic memory and the value of consciously representing the past in episodic memory. (shrink)

O presente artigo visa discutir o papel desempenhado pelo sofrimento nas reflexões culturais de Nietzsche e Freud. Para tanto, 1) indicarei o contexto filosófico em que o tema ganha notoriedade, no pensamento de Arthur Schopenhauer; 2) investigarei, especialmente a partir de passagens selecionadas de Para além de bem e mal e Genealogia da moral, como a origem da cultura é vinculada por Nietzsche aos perigos do desejo humano de fazer sofrer; 3) examinarei, sobretudo a partir de O mal-estar na cultura, (...) a concepção freudiana de que o “mal-estar” (Unbehagen) na cultura é fruto da renúncia pulsional, característica da formação e do desenvolvimento psíquico do indivíduo; e, por fim, 4) analisarei comparativamente o pensamento dos dois autores, buscando enfatizar sobretudo em que medida o sofrimento constitui, do ponto de vista teórico, um dos principais conceitos de suas reflexões sobre a origem da cultura. (shrink)

The theme of nihilism has been the object of interpreters’ reflections since Nietzsche’s works were first published, and recent work has placed nihilism at the center of Nietzsche’s philosophical project. João Constâncio’s Arte e niilismo. Nietzsche e o Enigma do Mundo sheds new light on the problem of nihilism by relating it to many key concepts and themes in Nietzsche’s thought. The author starts from the Schopenhauerian perspective according to which what really matters to philosophy is giving an answer to (...) the “riddle of the... (shrink)

la82 12.00 Normal 0 21 false false false PT-BR X-NONE X-NONE MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 Um dos objetivos do presente artigo é analisar a temática da política e da secularizaçáo na obra do filósofo Kierkegaard (1813-1855). Duas obras do pensador dinamarquês seráo especialmente analisadas aqui: O Indivíduo e Exercício do cristianismo . O segundo objetivo, é promover o diálogo de suas teses, contrárias ao processo de secularizaçáo, com as teses de Gianni Vattimo (1936-), pensador italiano e entusiasta de um mundo secularizado. A despeito (...) de suas diferenças, a política e a secularizaçáo aparecem no pensamento dos dois autores. Ambos partem, na verdade, de análises muito próximas, isto é, do conceito paulino de kênósis . A partir dessa idéia, ambos constroem suas respectivas visões acerca da política e da secularizaçáo. Todavia, o foco principal deste artigo é analisar a filosofia de Kierkegaard. A filosofia de Vattimo será analisada apenas de forma secundária e em diálogo com as teses de Kierkegaard. (shrink)

Este artigo aborda o combate que empreendeu Gustavo Corção à juventude católica brasileira nas páginas do Diário de Notícias e d’ O Globo entre as décadas de 1950 e de 1960. No caso em tela, interessa-nos entender as reações de Gustavo Corção às mudanças na sociedade e na Igreja Católica entre 1957 e 1964. A hipótese é que as críticas de Corção explicitam o conflito entre duas gerações de católicos: uma conservadora; a dele; e outra progressista, a das organizações de (...) jovens católicos, mais especificamente, a da Juventude Universitária Católica (JUC). Apresentaremos a disputa a partir do exame da seguinte questão: o papel que a juventude brasileira deveria desempenhar naqueles anos. O objetivo é mostrar que suas críticas à opção de ação temporal assumida pelas organizações de juventude católica devem ser lidas pela chave do conflito geracional que marcou o campo católico brasileiro. Palavras-chave : Catolicismo. Gerações. Gustavo Corção. Juventude católica.: This paper discusses the fight of Brazilian Catholic Youth Gustavo Corção in the newspapers Diário de Notícias and O Globo in the 1950s and 1960s. In case we are interested in understanding the reactions of Gustavo Corção to changes in society and the Catholic Church between 1957 and 1964. The hypothesis is that the criticism of Corção explains the conflict between two generations of Catholics: a conservative and other progressive, represented by the Catholic youth organizations, more specifically, the Youth Catholic University. We are going to examine the question: the role that Brazilian youth should play in those years. Therefore, the aim is to show that his criticism of the political action undertaken by the young catholic organizations should be read by the key of generation conflict which has marked the Brazilian Catholic field. Key words: Catholicism. Generations. Gustavo Corção. Catholic youth organizations. (shrink)

This article aim to show the aesthetics and ethics values whose relation traces could be found in theological text studies. We use bibliographic review as methodology to this research. Considering these elements and how it was found we ask: how can we validate such elements to understand the theological text? When we are analyzing ethics behaviors can we consider the found results as intrinsic values in such discoveries and can it be compared in different times, in other words, it is (...) available if we bring it out to our time without prejudice considering criteria. We know values and beliefs can change according different times, but the main question that translates our doubt is: how can we consider the ethical and aesthetical values described in different times avoiding damage then to be impartial in the research? In spite of lots of doubts rose, what can support on our research reading are historic and current images we can validate as support line to comparative analysis considering ethics and aesthetics values found. This text will be presented as communication in this event.Key Words: Methodology. Ethics and research. Aesthetics and research. Theological methodology. (shrink)

El análisis interdisciplinar de la actual política de drogas brasileña, de carácter prohibicionista, lleva a la conclusión que ella ha frustrado las expectativas de aquellos que creían que la promulgación de la Ley 11.343/06 resultaría en un tratamiento distinto a los usuarios y a los traficantes de drogas. Es posible observar una dificultad en el acceso para uso médico a las sustancias que hoy son consideradas ilícitas, la ausencia de criterios legales objetivos para distinguir usuarios de traficantes, y el foco (...) de la persecución penal no está direccionada a los grandes traficantes de drogas, que siguen lucrando, sin que haya una reducción del consumo, ni del comercio. El modelo de seguridad pública está alejado de los principios y garantías previstos en la Constitución Federal, identificando personas pobres y negras como potencialmente criminales. Así, partiendo de la premisa de que la actual política de drogas está siendo regentada de manera irracional, violando los derechos humanos, y desde una perspectiva crítica, son propuestos caminos para la superación de los problemas identificados. (shrink)

O Renascimento é, dentre muitas outras coisas, a redescoberta do Infinito. Nela, o filósofo e mago Giordano Bruno ocupa, no século XVI, o centro do debate. Mas já no século seguinte, o astrônomo Johannes Kepler irá refutar a noção renascentista de infinito, com base nos pressupostos da ciência empírica nascente. Este artigo busca estabelecer uma aproximação do primeiro e um distanciamento do segundo em relação à ideia de Infinito em ato de Espinosa. Aproximação e distância que marcam, aqui, a diferença (...) entre conceber ou imaginar o Infinito. E sob essa diferença, são os pressupostos teológicos que assombram os pensamentos de Bruno e Kepler como um_ underlying ghost_. (shrink)

A proposta do meu trabalho é apresentar, a partir de uma interpretação do caso Corsário, a crítica de Kierkegaard a um dado tipo de jornalismo que ocorria na Dinamarca de sua época. O intuito é compreender a polêmica do pensador para além de uma mera querela dinamarquesa e paroquial, situando-a num contexto maior de crítica à imprensa e, nessa mesma direção, almeja compreender o quanto o autor dinamarquês se enquadraria no modelo do típico intelectual do século XIX. Desse modo, o (...) artigo divide-se em três partes: a) O caso Corsário - uma primeira explicação, b) Kierkegaard como intelectual do século XIX; c) Kierkegaard e outros autores da crise da modernidade: Balzac e Bernanos; d) Considerações finais. (shrink)

The relationship between law and morality is a topic which receives special importance and attention, especially in "liberal democracies" in which the law is supposed to regulate highly pluralized and fragmented societies. Under conditions of plurality of values, many social forces and legal theories require a certain kind of neutrality from the legal system, a means of compatibility of the many "world views" and "moral systems" that are present within the same social space. Such a conciliating commitment sounds particularly relevant (...) in times of the doctrinal ubiquity of ideas such as "peace based on human rights". This was the title of the 28th World Congress of the IVR in Lisbon, with the special workshop "Law and Morals" on which this book is based. It is divided into four parts: "Law and Practical Reason", "Conceptual Approaches on Law and Morals", "Legal versus Moral Normativity", and "Morals and Legal Positivism". (shrink)

Resumo: Lugi Pareyson (1918-1991) foi um dos mais importantes filósofos italianos do século XX. Sua imensa e erudita obra contribuiu significativamente para a discussão do idealismo alemão e do existencialismo em solo italiano e também na Argentina, onde ele trabalhou por alguns anos. O objetivo do presente artigo é avaliar alguns aspectos de sua leitura sobre um autor capital para o existencialismo, a saber, o dinamarquês Kierkegaard. Para tanto, delimitaremos nossa análise a investigar a presença do pensador na sua obra (...) Studi sull´esistenzialismo (1943). Há aqui um duplo intuito: o primeiro é realizar um panorama do existencialismo germânico e sua recepção em solo italiano. O segundo é perceber como Kierkegaard atuou sobre ambos segundo a interpretação de Pareyson. (shrink)

O presente artigo tem por objetivo compreender e descrever a experiência mística da pessoa humana, em uma perspectiva individual mística e psicológica. O ponto de partida desta reflexão é a doutrina de Teresa de Jesus (1515-1582), espanhola, fundadora da Ordem do Carmelo Descalço, mística, santa e doutora da Igreja e a visão da psicologia analítica de Carl Gustav Jung (1875-1962), suíço, conferencista internacional, psicólogo, médico e psiquiatra. A finalidade, portanto, de toda pesquisa é mostrar como ambos descrevem a mesma realidade, (...) isto é, o centro místico da alma da pessoa humana, se bem que em linguagem diferentes. Na mística de Teresa, o centro místico da alma é o próprio Deus quem está no centro e na psicologia analítica de Jung, o centro místico da alma é o “Selfbat” (Si-Mesmo), que é o centro do ser humano. (shrink)

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar as relações entre o niilismo e as potências do falso, a partir dos conceitos de vida, arte e a crítica à vontade de verdade na filosofia de Nietzsche e no cinema de Orson Welles, através do filme A marca da maldade. O niilismo caracterizado como o movimento de deslocamento do centro de gravidade da vida e a invenção de outro mundo, o mundo verdadeiro, empreendida como forma de vingança articula-se com a vontade de verdade. (...) Nietzsche realiza por meio do método genealógico uma crítica ao valor da verdade. O homem verídico é, assim, a manifestação de uma vontade de nada que nega e deprecia a vida. A arte valoriza a aparência e faz emergir as potências do falso reestabelecendo a vida como vontade de aparência. (shrink)

O objetivo do presente artigo é analisar o quanto o chamado idealismo italiano de Croce e Gentile são, em verdade, dependentes da concepção religiosa italiana. Para tanto, nos deteremos, na primeira parte do nosso trabalho, principalmente numa análise das teses de Maurizio Viroli. Já no segundo parte do nosso artigo nos deteremos na análise dessa temática dentro do conceito de religião da liberdade em Croce. Assim, após tal inventário, teceremos nossas conclusões.

O presente artigo tem por objetivo discutir o conceito de transfiguração (Transfiguration / Verklärung) nas primeiras formulações nietzscheanas do estatuto da filosofia, sobretudo em sua função de crítica ao pessimismo de Arthur Schopenhauer. Para tanto, analisa duas obras de seu período de juventude, O nascimento da tragédia e Schopenhauer como educador, enfatizando especialmente os capítulos 3 e 4 da primeira e as seções 3, 4 e 5 da segunda. Espera-se demonstrar que, para além de sua importância na crítica ao pessimismo, (...) a transfiguração desempenha um papel central na tentativa de resposta ao problema do “sentido da vida” e, por isso, delimita o escopo do uso nietzscheano da metafísica. (shrink)