Reflection Principles are commonly thought to produce only strong axioms of infinity consistent with V = L. It would be desirable to have some notion of strong reflection to remedy this, and we have proposed Global Reflection Principles based on a somewhat Cantorian view of the universe. Such principles justify the kind of cardinals needed for, inter alia , Woodin’s Ω-Logic.

Evolutionary fitness threats and rewards are associated with subjectively unpleasant and pleasant sensations, respectively. Initially, these correlations appear explainable via adaptation by natural selection. But here I analyse the major metaphysical perspectives on consciousness – physicalism, dualism, and panpsychism – and conclude that none help to understand the adaptive-seeming correlations via adaptation. I also argue that a recently proposed explanation, the phenomenal powers view, has major problems that mean it cannot explain the adaptive-seeming correlations via adaptation either. So the mystery (...) – call it the evolutionary paradox of consciousness – remains. Some have used this mystery to argue for non-naturalistic (e.g. theistic) explanations. But I propose a naturalistic, non-adaptive explanation of the adaptive-seeming correlations: namely, ‘sensational associative learning’ during development. In this perspective, pairing of particular sensations with unconditioned stimuli – fitness rewards or threats – cause the sensations themselves to come to be interpreted as good or bad, respectively. Sensations, like colours, that are not reliably paired with either fitness rewards or threats remain largely unvalenced. Sensational associative learning also provides explanations for adaptive-seeming structural aspects of sensations, such as the observation that sounds of different pitch are experienced as ordinal in correspondence to their wavelengths while the same is not true of colours of different hue. The sensational associative learning perspective appears compatible with physicalism, panpsychism, and dualism (though not epiphenomenalism). (shrink)

Le Professeur Pierre Magnard n'a eu de cesse, au cours de son itinéraire intellectuel, où le pédagogue et le chercheur opérèrent toujours en synergie, de révéler, de construire et d'enrichir la tradition philosophique et théologique gréco-latine, notamment à travers l'étude du Néoplatonisme, de travailler à mieux faire connaître les auteurs des quinzième et seizième siècles, comme Nicolas de Cues, Marsile Ficin,Jean Pic de la Mirandole, Michel de Montaigne ou Charles de Bovelles, et d'y entretenir inlassablement la flamme de celui qui (...) demeurera à ses yeux un penseur phare : Blaise Pascal. Constitués en académie platonicienne une pléiade de chercheurs, issus de cet enseignement, a voulu en témoigner par quelques-unes de leurs avancées, manifestant la convergence de leur investigation sans prétendre en couvrir le champ. (shrink)

인간의 이성적 의식과 법의 관계를 밝히고 법의 해석 과 판단에 인간의 의식이 어떻게 작용하는가를 고찰 한 저술. 제1부에서는 법의 형이상학적인 측면에서 법의 실체, 그리스의 법, 데카르트의 법, 로크와 법, 칸트와 법, 헤겔과 법, 아담스미스의 법의 경제, 중국의 도덕과 법사상을 다루었다. 제2부에서는 심리학적 분석으로 헌법의 심리학적 해석, 법의 판결절차, 증거법, 형법과 죄, 청소년과 가족법, 조세법, 플라톤의 법, 칸트의 도덕론의 경험적 확인, 헤겔의 자아와 노동법, 법의 4차원에 대해 다뤘다.

Inleidend overzicht van de wijsgerige ethiek.

This influential study of Kant in which Strawson seeks to detach the true analytical and critical achievement of Kant's work from the unacceptable metaphysics with which it is entangled. This title available in eBook format. Click here for more information.Visit our eBookstore at: www.ebookstore.tandf.co.uk.

Ivre de Dieu, Giordano Bruno nous offre une presentation violemment heterodoxe des dogmes chretiens, moins pour les destituer de leur autorite que pour les faire fonctionner autrement.

t. 1. Dialog s V. V. Davydovym -- t. 2. Nereshennye problemy razvivai︠u︡shchego obrazovanii︠a︡.

Peut-on parler de l'existence de Dieu? Que doit être Dieu pour qu'il puisse exister? Tenter de répondre à ces questions, c'est d'abord essayer de trouver des lieux de rencontre avec Dieu à la mesure de l'homme. Peut-on encore parler de Dieu sans soulever des tonalités politico-religieuses? Voilà le pari de Pierre Magnard.

Entré en khâgne pour y devenir traducteur de Virgile et d'Homère, Pierre Magnard reçut de Jean Beaufret l'interpellation de Heidegger, qui fit vaciller ses certitudes et certaine manière d'être chrétien. Ce vacillement le conduisit vers Pascal, dont l'angoisse colore la foi d'une manière inoubliable, lequel Pascal le conduisit à Montaigne, ami de toute une vie. Deux figures en miroir entre lesquelles il lui parut urgent de ne jamais choisir, et auxquelles il consacra beaucoup de son industrie, comme à ces philosophes (...) de la fin de Moyen Age et de la Renaissance que Char eût dit des Matinaux. Un humanisme faisant l'épreuve du néant en l'homme et du silence de Dieu était possible, dont Maître Eckhart et Nicolas de Cues montrent le chemin ; un christianisme aussi, fondé non sur l'usage d'une raison dogmatique mais d'une raison joueuse, laquelle, tout en sachant que c'est le coeur qui lui donne ses principes, se déploiera en toute liberté. Le chemin d'un philosophe, professeur émérite en Sorbonne, jusqu'à la couleur du matin profond. (shrink)

Développant la thèse soutenue dans Questions à l'humanisme, Pierre Magnard montre ici comment, au déclin des universaux, l'émergence de la notion de singularité prend le relais d'un formalisme dépassé, pour se constituer en universel concret et entreprendre le remaillage du tissu social.

En mai 2007, une «table ronde» s’est tenue, au Collège International de Philosophie à Paris, autour de l’ouvrage de Pierre Magnard Pourquoi la religion?. Dans un texte récapitulatif, l’auteur du livre, spécialiste de la pensée de la Renaissance, montre les enjeux spéculatifs et pratiques de son approche de la religion, tout en exposant comment celle-ci se déploie dans la «marche» des hommes, en souci de leur humanisation. Si la religion – terme qu’il faut entendre ici au singulier – fait oeuvre (...) de reliaison, apportant sa contribution au fondement du lien social, n’est-ce pas en raison de sa vertu déliante: «seule la religion rassemble dûment, car elle seule est capable de délier»? Jean Leclercq donne une présentation des lignes de faîte de l’ouvrage, ce qui permet d’en prendre une première connaissance et de suivre les trois lectures, accompagnées de questionnements, que proposent ensuite, selon des perspectives différentes et complémentaires, Bernard Bourgeois, Thierry Gontier et Christian Trottmann. (shrink)

Résumé Passer directement de Nicolas de Cues à Leibniz, comme le fait Ernst Cassirer, introduit de l’un à l’autre une filiation abusive, génératrice de malentendus. Avec l’œuvre capitale de Charles de Bovelles, nous voulons restituer le chaînon manquant à une histoire des idées défigurée par de telles simplifications. L’œuvre du chanoine picard, laboratoire de concepts et d’opérateurs nouveaux, constitue l’indispensable transition d’un mentalisme sans « je » aux philosophies du sujet.

Ce recueil d'articles montre en quoi le retour des idées de Platon dans la seconde moitié du XVe siècle soutient la philosophie de la Renaissance : l'homme au centre du monde minéral, végétal et animal, et au centre de l'humanité. Pour Plotin, le platonisme est à la source des grandes théologies.

C'est à emprunter un chemin d'écolier que nous invite ce livre. Un chemin qui part d'une rencontre, celle de la pensée de Heidegger, dans la khâgne de Jean Beaufret en 1946, où se joue l'intime d'une vocation philosophique. Un chemin jalonné d'anecdotes savoureuses, où l'on croise toutes les grandes figures de la pensée française de la seconde moitié du XXe siècle, de Gandillac à Boutang, de Foucault à Michel Henry, dialoguant avec Platon, Montaigne ou Bergson. Un chemin où l'âme d'un (...) vieux maître d'école se recueille pour mieux se livrer, et "conjuguer une fois encore la poussière et l'étoile."--Page 4 of cover. (shrink)

Together again for the first time, Marx and Durkheim join forces in the pages of Disintegration: Bad Love, Collective Suicide, and the Idols of Imperial Twilight for a dialectical exploration of the moral economy of neoliberalism, animated, as it is not only by the capitalist chase for surplus value, but also by an immortal vortex of sacred powers. Classical sociology and psychoanalysis are reconstituted within Hegelian social ontology and dialectical method that differentiates between the ephemeral and free and the eternal (...) and fixed aspects of modern life. (shrink)

George Berkeley is one of the greatest and most influential modern philosophers. In defending the immaterialism for which he is most famous, he redirected modern thinking about the nature of objectivity and the mind's capacity to come to terms with it. Along the way, he made striking and influential proposals concerning the psychology of the senses, the workings of language, the aims of science, and the scope of mathematics. In this Companion volume a team of distinguished authors not only examines (...) Berkeley's achievements but also his neglected contributions to moral and political philosophy, his writings on economics and development, and his defense of religious commitment and religious life. The volume places Berkeley's achievements in the context of the many social and intellectual traditions - philosophical, scientific, ethical, and religious - to which he fashioned a distinctive response. (shrink)

Doctors’ strikes are legally permissible in the UK, with the situation differing in other countries. But are they morally permissible? Doug McConnell and Darren Mann have systematically attempted to dismiss the arguments for the moral impermissibility of doctors’ strikes and creatively attempted to provide further moral justification for them. Unfortunately for striking doctors, they fail to achieve this. Meanwhile, junior doctors’ strikes have continued in the UK through 2023 and have now extended into 2024. In this response, which focuses on (...) the UK situation and specifically junior doctors’ strikes in the National Health Service (NHS) in England, I will demonstrate a central problem with their arguments—namely that they underplay the harms caused by prolonged doctors’ strikes by ignoring the harms to patients with cancer. This weakens their conclusion that strikes are morally permissible in terms of the conditions and thresholds they set. I then provide a psychological critique of their justification for strikes in terms of the interests of the public. It follows that invoking the controversial concept of supererogatory action is ungrounded but also absurd when you consider time-critical cancer care. If those representing striking doctors wish to maintain a modicum of moral respectability, they should mitigate for patients with cancer and negotiate reasonably and with urgency. (shrink)

The introduction of novel diagnostic techniques in clinical domains such as genomics and radiology has led to a rich ethical debate on how to handle unsolicited findings that result from these innovations. Yet while unsolicited findings arise in both genomics and radiology, most of the relevant literature to date has tended to focus on only one of these domains. In this article, we synthesize and critically assess similarities and differences between “scanning the body” and “sequencing the genome” from an ethical (...) perspective. After briefly describing the novel diagnostic contexts leading to unsolicited findings, we synthesize and reflect on six core ethical issues that relate to both specialties: terminology; benefits and risks; autonomy; disclosure of unsolicited findings to children; uncertainty; and filters and routine screening. We identify ethical rationales that pertain to both fields and may contribute to more ethically sound policies. Considerations of preserving public trust and ensuring that people perceive healthcare policies as fair also support the need for a combined debate. (shrink)