Results for 'Baergen, Ralph'

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  1. Ralph Baergen, Historical Dictionary of Epistemology Reviewed by.Yves Laberge - 2008 - Philosophy in Review 28 (3):159-161.
  2. The aim of belief.Ralph Wedgwood - 2002 - Philosophical Perspectives 16:267-97.
    It is often said, metaphorically, that belief "aims" at the truth. This paper proposes a normative interpretation of this metaphor. First, the notion of "epistemic norms" is clarified, and reasons are given for the view that epistemic norms articulate essential features of the beliefs that are subject to them. Then it is argued that all epistemic norms--including those that specify when beliefs count as rational, and when they count as knowledge--are explained by a fundamental norm of correct belief, which requires (...)
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  3. Conceptual role semantics for moral terms.Ralph Wedgwood - 2001 - Philosophical Review 110 (1):1-30.
    This paper outlines a new approach to the task of giving an account of the meaning of moral statements: a sort of "conceptual role semantics", according to which the meaning of moral terms is given by their role in practical reasoning. This role is sufficient both to distinguish the meaning of any moral term from that of other terms, and to determine the property or relation (if any) that the term stands for. The paper ends by suggesting reasons for regarding (...)
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  4. Defending double effect.Ralph Wedgwood - 2011 - Ratio 24 (4):384-401.
    This essay defends a version of the Doctrine of Double Effect (DDE) – the doctrine that there is normally a stronger reason against an act that has a bad state of affairs as one of its intended effects than against an otherwise similar act that has that bad state of affairs as an unintended effect. First, a precise account of this version of the DDE is given. Secondly, some suggestions are made about why we should believe the DDE, and about (...)
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  5. Doxastic Correctness.Ralph Wedgwood - 2013 - Aristotelian Society Supplementary Volume 87 (1):217-234.
    If beliefs are subject to a basic norm of correctness—roughly, to the principle that a belief is correct only if the proposition believed is true—how can this norm guide believers in forming their beliefs? Answer: this norm guides believers indirectly: believers are directly guided by requirements of rationality—which are themselves explained by this norm of correctness. The fundamental connection between rationality and correctness is probabilistic. Incorrectness comes in degrees; for beliefs, these degrees of incorrectness are measured by quadratic scoring rules, (...)
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  6. Rational 'ought' implies 'can'.Ralph Wedgwood - 2013 - Philosophical Issues 23 (1):70-92.
    Every kind of ‘ought’ implies some kind of ‘can’ – but there are many kinds of ‘ought’ and even more kinds of ‘can’. In this essay, I shall focus on a particular kind of ‘ought’ – specifically, on what I shall call the “rational ‘ought’”. On every occasion of use, this kind of ‘ought’ is focused on the situation of a particular agent at a particular time; but this kind of ‘ought’ is concerned, not with how that agent acts at (...)
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  7. The Right Thing to Believe.Ralph Wedgwood - 2013 - In Timothy Chan (ed.), The Aim of Belief. Oxford, GB: Oxford University Press. pp. 123-139.
    Many philosophers have claimed that “belief aims at the truth”. But is there any interpretation of this claim on which it counts as true? According to some philosophers, the best interpretation of the claim takes it as the normative thesis that belief is subject to a truth-norm. The goal of this essay is to clarify this normative interpretation of the claim. First, the claim can be developed so that it applies to partial beliefs as well as to flat-out full beliefs. (...)
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  8. Racial capitalism.Michael Ralph & Maya Singhal - 2019 - Theory and Society 48 (6):851-881.
    “Racial capitalism” has surfaced during the past few decades in projects that highlight the production of difference in tandem with the production of capital—usually through violence. Scholars in this tradition typically draw their inspiration—and framework—from Cedric Robinson’s influential 1983 text, Black Marxism: The Making of the Black Radical Tradition. This article uses the work of Orlando Patterson to highlight some limits of “racial capitalism” as a theoretical project. First, the “racial capitalism” literature rarely clarifies what scholars mean by “race” or (...)
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  9.  39
    Newton on Matter and Activity.Ralph C. S. Walker & Ernan McMullin - 1980 - Philosophical Quarterly 30 (120):249.
  10. Choosing Rationally and Choosing Correctly.Ralph Wedgwood - 2003 - In Sarah Stroud & Christine Tappolet (eds.), Weakness of will and practical irrationality. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 201--229.
    Let us take an example that Bernard Williams (1981: 102) made famous. Suppose that you want a gin and tonic, and you believe that the stuff in front of you is gin. In fact, however, the stuff is not gin but petrol. So if you drink the stuff (even mixed with tonic), it will be decidedly unpleasant, to say the least. Should you choose to drink the stuff or not?
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  11. Objective and Subjective 'Ought'.Ralph Wedgwood - 2016 - In Nate Charlow & Matthew Chrisman (eds.), Deontic Modality. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. pp. 143-168.
    This essay offers an account of the truth conditions of sentences involving deontic modals like ‘ought’, designed to capture the difference between objective and subjective kinds of ‘ought’ This account resembles the classical semantics for deontic logic: according to this account, these truths conditions involve a function from the world of evaluation to a domain of worlds (equivalent to a so-called “modal base”), and an ordering of the worlds in such domains; this ordering of the worlds itself arises from two (...)
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  12. The "Good" and the "Right" Revisited.Ralph Wedgwood - 2009 - Philosophical Perspectives 23 (1):499-519..
    Moral philosophy has long been preoccupied by a supposed dichotomy between the "good" and the "right". This dichotomy has been taken to define certain allegedly central issues for ethics. How are the good and the right related to each other? For example, is one of the two "prior" to the other? If so, is the good prior to the right, or is the right prior to the good?
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  13.  32
    The coherence theory of truth: realism, anti-realism, idealism.Ralph Charles Sutherland Walker - 1989 - New York: Routledge.
  14. The a priori rules of rationality.Ralph Wedgwood - 1999 - Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 59 (1):113-131.
    Both these ideas are intuitively plausible: rationality has an external aim, such as forming a true belief or good decision; and the rationality of a belief or decision is determined purely by facts about the thinker’s internal mental states. Unlike earlier conceptions, the conception of rationality presented here explains why these ideas are both true. Rational beliefs and decisions, it is argued, are those that are formed through the thinker’s following ‘rules of rationality’. Some rules count as rules of rationality (...)
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  15. Contextualism about justified belief.Ralph Wedgwood - 2008 - Philosophers' Imprint 8:1-20.
    This paper presents a new argument for a form of contextualism about ‘justified belief’, the argument being based on considerations concerning the nature of belief. It is then argued that this form of contextualism, although it is true, cannot help to answer the threat of scepticism. However, it can explain many other puzzling phenomena: it can give an account of the linguistic mechanisms that determine how the extension of ‘justified belief’ shifts with context; it can help to defuse some puzzles (...)
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  16. Sensing values?Ralph Wedgwood - 2001 - Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 63 (1):215-223.
    This is a reply to Mark Johnston's paper "The Authority of Affect", Philosophy and Phenomenological Research (2001).
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  17.  23
    A field ion microscope study of some tungsten-rhenium alloys.Brian Ralph & D. G. Brandon - 1963 - Philosophical Magazine 8 (90):919-934.
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  18.  16
    Aquinas on Human Action: A Theory of Practice.Ralph McInerny - 1992 - Catholic University Press.
    A patient and faithful working of primary Thomistic texts, this volume.
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  19. The Normativity of the Intentional.Ralph Wedgwood - 2007 - In Brian P. McLaughlin, Ansgar Beckermann & Sven Walter (eds.), The Oxford handbook of philosophy of mind. New York: Oxford University Press.
     
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  20. The price of non-reductive moral realism.Ralph Wedgwood - 1999 - Ethical Theory and Moral Practice 2 (3):199-215.
    Non-reductive moral realism is the view that there are moral properties which cannot be reduced to natural properties. If moral properties exist, it is plausible that they strongly supervene on non-moral properties- more specifically, on mental, social, and biological properties. There may also be good reasons for thinking that moral properties are irreducible. However, strong supervenience and irreducibility seem incompatible. Strong supervenience entails that there is an enormous number of modal truths (specifically, truths about exactly which non-moral properties necessitate which (...)
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  21.  3
    The Search for the Legacy of the Usphs Syphilis Study at Tuskegee: Reflective Essays Based Upon Findings From the Tuskegee Legacy Project.Ralph V. Katz & Rueben Warren (eds.) - 2011 - Lexington Books.
    The Search for the Legacy of the USPHS Syphilis Study at Tuskegee is a collection of essays from experts in a variety of fields seeking to redefine the legacy of the infamous Tuskegee Syphilis Study. The essayists place the legacy of the study within the evolution of racial and ethnic relations in the United States. Contributors include two leading historians on the study, two former United States Surgeons General, and other prominent scholars from a wide range of fields.
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  22.  91
    The Price of Non‐Reductive Physicalism.Ralph Wedgwood - 2000 - Noûs 34 (3):400-421.
    Nonreductive physicalism faces a serious objection: physicalism entails the existence of an enormous number of modal facts--specifically, facts about exactly which physical properties necessitate each mental property; and, it seems, if mental properties are irreducible, these modal facts cannot all be satisfactorily explained. The only answer to this objection is to claim that the explanations of these modal facts are themselves contingent. This claim requires rejecting "S5" as the appropriate logic for metaphysical modality. Finally, it is argued that rejecting "S5" (...)
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  23.  95
    “How to Compare?” - On the Methodological State of Comparative Philosophy.Ralph Weber - 2013 - Philosophy Compass 8 (7):593-603.
    From early on, comparative philosophy has had on offer a high variety of goals, approaches and methodologies. Such high variety is still today a trademark of the discipline, and it is not uncommon of representatives of one camp in comparative philosophy to think of those in other camps as not really being about ‘comparative philosophy’. Much of the disagreement arguably has to do with methodological problems related to the concept of comparison and with the widely prevailing but unwarranted assumption that (...)
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  24. Practical reasoning as figuring out what is best: Against constructivism.Ralph Wedgwood - 2002 - Topoi 21 (1-2):139-152.
  25. Theories of content and theories of motivation.Ralph Wedgwood - 1995 - European Journal of Philosophy 3 (3):273-288.
    According to the anti-Humean theory of motivation, it is possible to be motivated to act by reason alone. According to the Humean theory of motivation, this is impossible. The debate between these two theories remains as vigorous as ever (see for example Pettit 1987, Lewis 1988, Price 1989 and Smith 1994). In this paper I shall argue that the anti-Humean theory of motivation is incompatible with a number of prominent recent theories of content. I shall focus on causal or informational (...)
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  26.  68
    Why Talk about Chinese Metaphysics?Ralph Weber - 2013 - Frontiers of Philosophy in China 8 (1):99-119.
  27.  51
    On completely positive maps in generalized quantum dynamics.Ralph F. Simmons & James L. Park - 1981 - Foundations of Physics 11 (1-2):47-55.
    Several authors have hypothesized that completely positive maps should provide the means for generalizing quantum dynamics. In a critical analysis of that proposal, we show that such maps are incompatible with the standard phenomenological theory of spin relaxation and that the theoretical argument which has been offered as justification for the hypothesis is fallacious.
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  28.  40
    Ennoēmata, Prolēpseis, and Common Notions.Ralph Doty - 1976 - Southwestern Journal of Philosophy 7 (3):143-148.
  29.  13
    Kant: the arguments of the philosophers.Ralph Charles Sutherland Walker - 1978 - Boston: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
    This book gives a general introduction to the philosophy of Kant, and especially to "The Critique of Pure Reason." The author is cognizant of recent German research on Kant, and it informs his analysis of Kant's interpretation of the moral law and of the arguments for the existence of God. The special role of the argument from design is considered in detail, and the argument is advanced that Kant's transcendental idealism is "a very appealing theory." Readers should come away from (...)
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  30.  62
    Intrinsic values and reasons for action.Ralph Wedgwood - 2009 - In Ernest Sosa & Enrique Villanueva (eds.), Metaethics. Boston: Wiley Periodicals. pp. 321-342.
    What reasons for action do we have? What explains why we have these reasons? In this paper, I shall articulate some of the basic structural features of a theory that would provide answers to these questions. So my primary focus here is on the nature of reasons for action themselves, not on the meaning of the terms that can be used to talk about such reasons. However, it seems plausible that the term "reason for action" is in fact used in (...)
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  31. Induction and Transcendental Argument.Ralph Cs Walker - 1999 - In Robert Stern (ed.), Transcendental Arguments: Problems and Prospects. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press UK.
     
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  32.  18
    Quine en Perspective.Ralph C. S. Walker & Paul Gochet - 1978 - Philosophical Quarterly 28 (113):357.
  33. Non-cognitivism, truth and logic.Ralph Wedgwood - 1997 - Philosophical Studies 86 (1):73-91.
    This paper provides a new argument for a position of Crispin Wright's: given that ethical statements can be embedded within all sorts of sentential operators and are subject to definite standards of warrantedness, they must have truth conditions. Allan Gibbard's normative logic' is the only noncognitivist logic that stands a chance of avoiding Geach's Fregean objection. But what, according to Gibbard, is the point of avoiding inconsistency in one's ethical statements? He must say that it is to ensure that one's (...)
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  34.  37
    Boethius and Aquinas.Ralph McInerny - 1990 - Catholic University of America Press.
    In this study of the relationship between Boethius and Thomas Aquinas,.
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  35.  10
    Give Yourself a Nudge: Helping Smart People Make Smarter Personal and Business Decisions.Ralph L. Keeney - 2020 - Cambridge University Press.
    The best way to improve your quality of life is through the decisions you make. This book teaches several fundamental decision-making skills, provides numerous applications and examples, and ultimately nudges you toward smarter decisions. These nudges frame more desirable decisions for you to face by identifying the objectives for your decisions and generating superior alternatives to those initially considered. All of the nudges are based on psychology and behavioral economics research and are accessible to all readers. The new concept of (...)
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  36.  13
    Lexical Note to the Epicurean Doctrine of Perception.Ralph Keen - 1981 - Apeiron 15 (1):59.
  37.  8
    Notes on Epicurean Terminology and Lucretius.Ralph Keen - 1979 - Apeiron 13 (2):63 - 69.
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  38.  12
    On the Projection of Novel Predicates.Ralph C. Kennedy - 1977 - Southern Journal of Philosophy 15 (4):487-492.
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  39.  35
    Perception, Representation, and Reference: Some Thoughts on an Essential Structure.Ralph E. Kenyon - 1987 - Dissertation, University of Massachusetts, Amherst
    The terms 'reference', 'representation', and 'perception', have not been univocally used. This thesis provides a new theory which explains reference, representation and perception by showing that each has primary and derived forms, related more-or-less recursively. -/- The primary forms are located in a simple model which is based on the structure of a computer. The structure presented is a 'minimal' model, that is, the smallest structure in which the simplest kinds of reference, representation, and perception occur. -/- An analogical relation (...)
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  40. Butler on Virtue, Self Interest, and Human Nature.Ralph Wedgwood - 2008 - In Paul Bloomfield (ed.), Morality and Self-Interest. New York: Oxford University Press.
    This essay gives a new interpretation of some of the central ethical doctrines of Bishop Butler's Sermons -- in particular, of his claim that a review of the empirical facts of human nature shows that we have "an obligation to the practice of virtue", and of the precise claims that he makes about the relations between morality and self-interest.
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  41. Thomism in the age of renewal.Ralph McInerny - 1966 - Garden City, N.Y.,: Doubleday.
     
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  42.  92
    The logic of analogy.Ralph McInerny - 1961 - The Hague,: Martinus Nijhoff.
    CHAPTER I THE PROBLEM OF ANALOGY "Let lu start with a review of the theories of other thinkers; for the proofs of a theory are difficulties for the contrary ...
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  43.  12
    Personalism.Ralph Tyler Flewelling - 1953 - Philosophical Review 62 (4):641.
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  44.  11
    1. The 'aim'of belief.Ralph Wedgwood - 2013 - In Timothy Chan (ed.), The Aim of Belief. Oxford, GB: Oxford University Press. pp. 123.
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  45.  16
    What about the Billeter-Jullien Debate? And What Was It about? A Response to Thorsten Botz-Bornstein.Ralph Weber - 2014 - Philosophy East and West 64 (1):228-237.
    In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:What about the Billeter-Jullien Debate? And What Was It about? A Response to Thorsten Botz-BornsteinRalph WeberNo doubt Thorsten Botz-Bornstein is right to highlight that the debate of 2006 and 2007 (if indeed it can be called a debate1) between Jean François Billeter and François Jullien was particularly heated. It was to some extent a personal affair in that both protagonists overstepped the scholarly bounds set for an exchange of (...)
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  46. Spinoza and the coherence theory of truth.Ralph C. S. Walker - 1985 - Mind 94 (373):1-18.
  47.  26
    Carneades, a Forerunner of William James's Pragmatism.Ralph Doty - 1986 - Journal of the History of Ideas 47 (1):133-138.
    Although the so-called "pragmatic" test of truth--the idea that the truth of a statement is a function of its predictive value--is usually credited to william james, we possess a version of this truth-test from the third-century b c in the philosophy of carneades of cyrene, the head of the skeptical "middle academy". like james, carneades denied the existence of absolute truth, in the sense of a truth which no further experience could change, offering instead a criterion of probability, the highest (...)
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  48.  55
    The fundamental principle of practical reasoning.Ralph Wedgwood - 1998 - International Journal of Philosophical Studies 6 (2):189 – 209.
    The fundamental principle of practical reasoning (if there is such a thing) must be a rule which we ought to follow in all our practical reasoning, and which cannot lead to irrational decisions. It must be a rule that it is possible for us to follow directly - that is, without having to follow any other rule of practical reasoning in order to do so. And it must be a basic principle, in the sense that the explanation of why we (...)
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  49. Social fatalism.Ralph M. Eaton - 1921 - Philosophical Review 30 (4):380-392.
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  50. The social unrest of the soldier.Ralph M. Eaton - 1921 - International Journal of Ethics 31 (3):279-288.
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