What is an epistemological crisis? Consider, first, the situation of ordinary agents who are thrown into such crises. Someone who has believed that he was highly valued by his employers and colleagues is suddenly fired; someone proposed for membership of a club whose members were all, so he believed, close friends is blackballed. Or someone falls in love and needs to know what the loved one really feels; someone falls out of love and needs to know how he or (...) she can possibly have been so mistaken in the other. For all such persons the relationship of seems to is becomes crucial. It is in such situations that ordinary agents who have never learned anything about academic philosophy are apt to rediscover for themselves versions of the other-minds problem and the problem of the justification of induction. They discover, that is, that there is a problem about the rational justification of inferences from premises about the behaviour of other people to conclusions about their thoughts, feelings, and attitudes and of inferences from premises about how individuals have acted in the past to conclusions expressed as generalizations about their behaviour - generalizations which would enable us to make reasonably reliable predications about their future behaviour. What they took to be evidence pointing unambiguously in some one direction now turns out to have been equally susceptible of rival interpretations. Such a discovery is often paralysing, and were we all of us all of the time to have to reckon with the multiplicity of possible interpretations open to us, social life as we know it could scarcely continue. For social life is sustained by the assumption that we are, by and large, able to construe each other's behaviour - that error, deception, self-deception, irony and ambiguity, although omnipresent in social life, are not so pervasive as to render reliable reasoning and reasonable action impossible. But can this assumption in any way be vindicated? (shrink)

In his postapocalyptic novel, Those Who Remain, G. Michael Hopf (2016) makes an important observation about the effect crises can have on human psychology by noting that "hard times create strong [humans]" (loc. 200). While the catastrophic effects of the recent COVID-19 outbreak are incontestable, there are arguments to be made that the situation itself could be materia prima of a more grounded, and authentic generation of humanity, at least in theory. In this article I draw on Heidegger's early, (...) implicit ethic of finitude as well as his later work surrounding the nature of technology, and place them into dialogue with a global milieu contextualized by worldwide pandemic. I approach this discussion from two different angles: in the first part, I explicate the ethic of finitude, and use it as a framework to describe the observable behavior of communities worldwide in order to better understand how global crises impact the psychical welfare of individual human beings. In the second part, I apply lessons given to us by the later Heidegger, specifically those oriented around the movement away from calculative thinking, in an effort to define a loose, albeit fundamentally ennobling prescriptive aimed at easing the existential strain of the situation we have found ourselves in. *This is a pre-print of an article published in Human Arenas. The final authenticated version is available at DOI: 10.1007/s42087-020-00142-6. (shrink)

L'idée centrale est simple : l'éducation est la voie incontournable pour réaliser le type d'homme équilibré qu'une société se donne comme idéal. Ce fil directeur que Iba fall tient fermement tout au long de ce plaidoyer pour un monde davantage ancré dans les valeurs humanistes, explore différents aspects d'une crise à la fois d'identité et de civilisation. Il y a crise, selon le jeune professeur de philosophie, parce qu'il y a rencontre, choc et parfois contradiction entre deux modèles d'éducation. Celui (...) qui est porté par la mondialisation a des tendances dissolvantes pour celui engendré jadis par l'éducation traditionnelle africaine. D'où le sens du titre : " Crise de la socialisation au Sénégal ". S'agit-il d'un procès de la mondialisation? En un certain sens, oui cela en est un. Toutefois l'argumentaire donne à voir une lecture moins négative de ce changement d'échelle qui tend à affecter toute chose. Ce dont il est question, c'est la mise à l'épreuve des valeurs traditionnelles de l'éducation dans le contexte d'une mondialisation en cours. Très exactement, ce qui est en cause, c'est la volonté d'exportation ou de transfert des tendances chosifiantes de la globalisation économique et matérielle dans un domaine dont le propre est d'être immatériel et de se nourrir de valeurs qui se donnent l'homme comme fin et non comme moyen. Abdoulaye Elimane Kane. (shrink)

Este artigo discute o esvaziamento da experiência sensorial como uma das características da Modernidade Líquida, conceito criado pelo Sociólogo polonês Zygmunt Bauman. A crise dos sentidos ocorre pelo “silêncio olfativo”, pela hipertrofia da visão, também pelo atrofiamento da sensibilidade tátil. Somente uma reflexão sobre o embotamento da nossa experiência sensorial pode nos fazer compreender o tempo presente.

How has the international community responded to humanitarian crises after the end of the Cold War? While optimistic ideational perspectives on global governance stress the importance of humanitarian norms and argue that humanitarian crises have been increasingly addressed, more skeptical realist accounts point to material interests and maintain that these responses have remained highly selective. In empirical terms, however, we know very little about the actual extent of selectivity since, so far, the international community’s reaction to humanitarian (...) class='Hi'>crises has not been systematically examined. This article addresses this gap by empirically examining the extent and the nature of the selectivity of humanitarian crises. To do so, the most severe humanitarian crises in the post-Cold War era are identified and examined for whether and how the international community responded. This study considers different modes of crisis response (ranging from inaction to military intervention) and different actors (including states, international institutions, and nonstate actors), yielding a more precise picture of the alleged “selectivity gap” and a number of theoretical implications for contemporary global security governance. (shrink)

C’est une évidence : on ne parle plus aujourd’hui d’une crise succédant à d’autres crises – et préludant à d’autres encore –, mais de « la crise », qui plus est d’une crise globale qui touche aussi bien la finance que l’éducation, la culture, le couple ou l’environnement. Ce constat témoigne d’une véritable mutation : si à l’origine le concept de krisis désignait le moment décisif dans l’évolution d’un processus incertain permettant d’énoncer le diagnostic (et donc la sortie de (...) crise), nous vivons actuellement précisément l’inverse – le moment où surgissent les incertitudes quant aux causes, aux effets, à la possibilité même d’une issue. Afin d’éclairer ce renversement, Myriam Revault d’Allonnes se penche sur le mouvement d’arrachement au passé et à la tradition qui caractérise la modernité, et qui dissout d’un même élan les anciens repères de la certitude qui balisaient la compréhension du monde. Privé de toute forme de transcendance, l’homme moderne se trouve face à un monde redoutablement ambigu et auto-référentiel, qui a vu s’évanouir tour à tour l’idée de temps nouveaux, la croyance au progrès et l’esprit de conquête, modifiant profondément le rapport de l’homme à son vécu et à ses attentes. C’est à partir de cette expérience du temps d’un nouveau genre, à la fois coupée de ses référents passés et dépourvue de lendemains qui chantent, que cet essai stimulant nous invite à reconsidérer de façon inédite la « crise » dans laquelle nous sommes plongés et à y puiser de quoi aller de l’avant. (shrink)

. From a proper class of supercompact cardinals, we force and obtain a model in which the proper classes of strongly compact and strong cardinals precisely coincide. In this model, it is the case that no strongly compact cardinal \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document} $\kappa$\end{document} is \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document} $2^\kappa = \kappa^+$\end{document} supercompact.

Dans une société comme la nôtre, ébranlée par de multiples crises, et dans un monde en voie de globalisation générale, il semble manifeste, aux yeux de certains philosophes, sociologues ou théologiens, que nous assistons à une crise de la conscience collective. Or il ne fait aucun doute que les crises, de quelque ordre qu'elles soient, nous appellent à des remises en question et à des transformations, parfois radicales. Dans ce livre-entretien à trois voix, chaque interlocuteur partage ses interprétations (...) "positives" de nos crises actuelles : le théologien par rapport à la déchristianisation apparente et ses effets en termes de spiritualité, le sociologue par rapport aux nouveaux enjeux de société devant la globalisation galopante du monde et l'écrivain-thérapeute par rapport à l'individu en quête d'intériorisation et de recherche du sens de notre destinée. Que chacun et chacune puisse y trouver des pistes de réflexion dans sa quête de sens et des motifs d'espérance devant ces crises, vraisemblablement annonciatrices d'une future renaissance. Que chacun d'entre nous se persuade qu'il est toujours temps de quitter le monde des apparences pour atteindre la dimension profonde de l'humanité. Il est temps d'Être et non plus seulement de faire, de savoir et de connaître. (shrink)

Interpreting crises and transformative processes as complex and rhythmic phenomena A webinar with Prof. Michel Alhadeff-Jones - Sciences de l'éducation et de la formation.

Les trajectoires d’entrée dans la vie adulte sont parsemées d’événements, de périodes de crise, de carrefours biographiques devant lesquels les jeunes sont amenés à réagir, à faire des choix et à opérer parfois un changement brutal dans leur parcours. Dans ces moments de crise, de basculement et de réalisation de l’improbable, se révèlent des enjeux et des logiques de choix qui resteraient invisibles dans le cours tranquille des choses.À partir d’une enquête qualitative longitudinale auprès d’un panel de jeunes, je propose (...) ici une tentative d’exploration de la notion de bifurcation. Les récits et les argumentaires développés permettent d’identifier les « ingrédients » mobilisés dans la prise de décision. Sont parcourus là divers registres structurels, contextuels, relationnels et individuels, ainsi que des temporalités diverses en interaction. C’est peut-être justement leur conjonction qui autorise cette « rupture » de l’ordre social attendu.The trajectories of entry into adulthood are cluttered with events, periods of crisis, life crossroads to which young people have to face up, to make choices and sometimes operate radical changes in the course of their lives. In these moments of crisis, upheavals and unexpected turning points, new stakes and logics of orientation appear, which would have remained unseen in a quieter course of things.Working from a qualitative longitudinal survey of a panel of young people, this paper offers an attempt to explore the notion of bifurcation. The life stories and the arguments these young people developed allow to identify the components of choice-making. Various structural, topical, relational and individual registers have been identified, along with various interacting temporalities. It is their conjunction that is likely to make possible a breaking up of the expected social order. (shrink)

Against the backdrop of a global pandemic, this study investigates how U.S. higher education leaders have centered their crisis management on values and guiding ethical principles. We conducted 55 in-depth interviews with leaders from 30 U.S. higher education institutions, with most leaders participating in two interviews. We found that crisis plans created prior to the COVID-19 pandemic were inadequate due to the long duration and highly uncertain nature of the crisis. Instead, higher education leaders applied guiding principles on the fly (...) to support their decision-making. If colleges and universities infuse shared values into their future crisis plans, they will not have to develop a moral compass on the fly for the next pandemic. This paper suggests the following somewhat universal shared values: engage in accuracy, transparency, and accountability; foster deliberative dialog; prioritize safety; support justice, fairness, and equity; and engage in an ethic of care. To navigate ethics tensions, leaders need to possess crisis-relevant expertise or ensure that such expertise is present among crisis management team members. Standing up formal ethics committees composed of diverse stakeholders also is instrumental in navigating tensions inherent in crises. The next pandemic is already on the horizon according to experts. Through infusing values into future crisis plans, higher education leaders can be confident that their responses will be grounded in their communities’ shared values. (shrink)

Combining techniques of the first author and Shelah with ideas of Magidor, we show how to get a model in which, for fixed but arbitrary finite n, the first n strongly compact cardinals κ 1 ,..., κ n are so that κ i for i = 1,..., n is both the i th measurable cardinal and κ + i supercompact. This generalizes an unpublished theorem of Magidor and answers a question of Apter and Shelah.

In this article, I focus on intersections between colonial violence, aesthetics, and ecological crises as reflections of a crisis of the political imagination. I engage Namita Goswami’s Subjects That Matter and argue that the ways in which her text pursues forms of questioning racialized and gendered colonial violences provides a context for approaching variations of colonial violence collectively. By engaging Goswami’s text, I propose a postcolonial aesthetics as a way of rethinking our planetary bonds, aesthetically. I further argue that (...) postcolonial aesthetics runs contrary to our contemporary political imagination, and that it makes the crisis of this imaginary apparent. (shrink)

L’Union européenne est devenue l’un des centres névralgiques de la crise en cours au niveau mondial. « Crise » financière et de la dette, « crise des migrants », « crise » démocratique sur fonds de menace du « Grexit », puis du « Brexit », etc. Les caractères spécifiques de cette crise multiple peuvent s’expliquer par l’échafaudage institutionnel qui a été mis en place au sein de l’UE, lequel doit toutefois être considéré à l’intérieur de coordonnées historiques et géopolitiques (...) plus amples. Ces facteurs dépendent des diverses tendances du développement du capitalisme global, mais aussi de l’importance maintenue des spécificités des assises institutionnelles et des rapports socio-politiques nationaux. Cet article essaie tout d’abord de revenir sur la logique d’ensemble qui a présidé à la construction européenne, en examinant l’élaboration d’un « ordre concurrentiel » inscrit dans le cadre d’une « constitution économique ». Dans un deuxième temps, il analyse les dimensions économiques et financières, commerciales et monétaires de la crise actuelle. Et il aborde enfin la question des scénarios de « sortie de crise » au prisme des récentes initiatives prises par les institutions européennes, puis de la politique migratoire répressive de l’UE, dont l’abandon pourrait constituer l’une des principales voies vers un projet européen progressiste, démocratique et internationaliste. (shrink)

Since the declaration of financial crisis in 2008, and the imposition of austerity measures in 2011, Greece has become an epicentre—or a “laboratory”—of multiple, successively declared crises, including the humanitarian crisis induced by the devastating effects of neoliberal structural adjustment policies. In this paper, I approach the explosion of crisis discourse as a medium for ideological negotiations of nation-state borders in relation to a continental project of securitisation. I suggest that ‘crisis’ functions as a lexicon through which sovereignty can (...) be reasserted in relation to supranational institutional interference in ostensibly democratic governance. Specifically, I examine how the refugee crisis and the debt crisis converge in nationalised space in Greece; that is, how in state discourse, ‘crises’ serve as a conduit through which the borders of an embattled nation are redrawn and hardened against threats from a political space conceptualised as ‘outside’ the nation. My point of entry is the declaration of the Greek government by the end of the summer of 2015, that it was “experiencing a crisis within a crisis,” dually victimised by migration ‘flows’ and failed European solidarity in a context of ongoing austerity measures required by its institutional lenders. The figure of ‘a crisis within a crisis’ functioned to delineate the boundaries of national space and time and to distinguish the normative victims of what are seen as distinct, if overlapping political phenomena (debt and migration), from those who parasitically share in, or indeed by their very illicit presence cause or contribute to the suffering of the national subject. If the global economic crisis had already been made ‘ours’ by being constructed as a problem inherent in the national economy, the global war on migration became reinvented as 'Europe’s crisis,’ and then ‘Greece’s.’ The nationalisation of ‘crisis’ then, has a triple function: first, to conceal the systemic and structural underpinnings of violent processes of dispossession and displacement; second, to authorise the imposition of regimes of management and securitisation; and third, to reify borders that simultaneously fortify the agencies of state sovereignties while containing those of embodied human beings. The figure of ‘nesting crises’—‘a crisis within a crisis’—emerges through gestures of ownership or territorialisation of crisis: that is, in the conditions under which, affectively and politically a ‘crisis’ becomes ‘ours’ rather than ‘theirs’ and, indeed, constitutes the ‘we’ and the ‘they.’ ‘Nesting crises’ discourse can be read as a vocabulary through which national sovereignty is reasserted and national unity reconstituted. (shrink)

Food Problems and Economic Problems in America, Africa, the Middle East and Asia : Struggles and Resignation What are the various dynamics of crisis, revolt, and resignation currently operating on the American and African continents, in the Middle East and in Asia. What effects do they have on the policies adopted to “get out of the crisis”? These are the issues which Greg Albo, Kako Nubukpo, Rhina Roux, Marie Noëlle Abiyaghi and Son Youg Woo address in this article. They examine (...) the consequences of neo-liberal capitalism and the succession of crises in food, oil, finance, and in the economy, before going on to explain how they emerge in their regional contexts where they take on their specific guises. (shrink)

Estas reflexões têm como objetivo principal analisar a crise dos fundamentos das ciências modernas na perspectiva de Edmund Husserl. Com efeito, na primeira metade do século XX, o autor das Investigações lógicas levanta o brado em torno da existência de uma crise científica e, ao mesmo tempo, procura diagnosticar as causas e remediar os males que acarretaram tal crise. Mais precisamente, o pensamento husserliano tem como ponto de partida a crítica aos limites e à possibilidade do conhecimento proposto pelas filosofias (...) de Descartes e de Kant. Mas Husserl ataca igualmente o espírito reducionista do positivismo científico – com o desenvolvimento e a sofisticação de suas técnicas – assim como a imposição não menos reducionista do historicismo que, ao afastarem o “sujeito do mundo”, romperam suas “relações primigênias”, espoliando assim o papel do sujeito na construção do conhecimento.: These reflections aim principally at analyzing the crisis of the modern science foundations from Edmund Husserl’s perspective. Indeed, at the first half of the 20th century, the author of Logical Investigations points vehemently out to the existence of a scientific crisis and tries, at the same time, to diagnose the causes and to show a solution to the disadvantages that brought about such a crisis. More precisely, the Husserlian thought has as its starting point the critique against the limits and the possibilities of knowledge proposed by the philosophies of Descartes and Kant. However, Husserl also attacks the reducing spirit of scientific positivism – together with the development and sophistication of its techniques – as well as the no less reducing and imposing historicism. Both trends have not only removed the “world subject”, but also disrupted its “primeval relations” having, thus, deprived the role of the subject in the construction of knowledge.Keywords: Husserl, crisis, sciences, subject, knowledge. (shrink)

Das Crises às possibilidades da Educação Superior no Brasil: uma leitura a partir de Hannah Arendt Resumo: O texto procura entender os pressupostos da educação superior no Brasil e faz considerações sobre seus limites e potencialidades à luz de Hannah Arendt. Segundo Hannah Arendt, a crise da educação remete-se a uma crise de estabilidade de todas as instituições políticas e sociais. E para o enfrentamento dessa crise, Hannah Arendt sugere reconsiderar a crise da modernidade para se repensar criticamente o (...) papel da educação no mundo contemporâneo. De fato, sua reflexão assevera que a educação está entre as atividades mais elementares e necessárias da sociedade humana, e, por isso, tem de ser continuamente repensada em função das transformações do mundo no qual nascem novos seres humanos. Hannah Arendt, questiona e faz pensar como que a crise da e na educação impede todo desenvolvimento de tarefas e dinâmicas que ajudem, especialmente aos estudantes (em qualquer área de conhecimento) a possuírem e produzirem um conhecimento que leve a um enfrentamento de situações críticas do quotidiano. Palavras-Chave: Hannah Arendt; Educação Superior; Crise na Educação; Cidadania; Direito Educacional. From Crises to Possibilities of Higher Education in Brazil: a Reading Based on Hannah Arendt Abstract: The text aims to understand assumptions of higher education in Brazil and makes considerations about limits and potentialities concerning those assumptions in the light of Hannah Arendt. According to Hannah Arendt, the crisis in education refers to a crisis of stability of all political and social institutions. And to envisage this crisis, Hannah Arendt suggests reconsidering the crisis of modernity to critically rethink the role of education in the contemporary world. In fact, her reflection asserts that education is among the most fundamental and necessary activities of human society, and, therefore, it must be continually rethought considering transformations in the world in which new human beings are born. Hannah Arendt, questions and makes us think about how the crisis of and in education prevents any development of tasks and dynamics that help, especially for students (in any area of knowledge) to possess and produce knowledge that leads to facing critical situations in the everyday. Keywords: Hannah Arendt; Higher Education; Crisis on Education; Citizenship; Educational Law. Des crises aux possibilités d e l’enseignement supérieur au Brésil : une lecture chez Hannah Arendt Résumé: Le texte a le but de comprendre les présupposés de l'enseignement supérieur au Brésil et fait des considérations sur ses limites et ses potentialités à la lumière d'Hannah Arendt. Selon Hannah Arendt, la crise de l'éducation renvoie à une crise de stabilité de toutes les institutions politiques et sociales. Et pour faire face à cette crise, Hannah Arendt propose de reconsidérer la crise de la modernité afin de repenser de manière critique le rôle de l'éducation dans le monde contemporain. En effet, sa réflexion affirme que l'éducation fait partie des activités les plus élémentaires et les plus nécessaires de la société humaine et qu'elle doit, donc, être continuellement repensée à la lumière des transformations du monde dans lesquelles de nouveaux êtres humains voient le jour. Hannah Arendt, interroge et fait réfléchir sur la façon dont la crise de et dans l'éducation empêche tout développement de tâches et de dynamiques qui aident, en particulier pour les étudiants (dans n'importe quel domaine de la connaissance) à posséder et produire des connaissances qui conduisent à faire face à des situations critiques dans le quotidien. Mots-Clés : Hannah Arendt; Enseignement supérieur; crise de l'éducation; citoyenneté; droit éducatif. Data de registro: 23/12/2021 Data de aceite: 15/03/2022. (shrink)

Defendo, neste artigo, que a atual crise econômica não pode ser entendida nem apreendida consistentemente apenas a partir de sua redução a um déficit interno à estrutura produtivo-financeira, em termos de queda nos padrões de acumulação; na verdade, essa crise é originada de uma crise do poder diretivo em termos de sociedade, que acirra a separação entre as esferas econômica, política e social, a partir da defesa de uma autorreferencialidade do âmbito econômico em relação aos demais, que, por causa disso, (...) são enquadrados pelos imperativos econômicos, tendo solapada sua especificidade normativa e diretiva da evolução da sociedade. Essa crise econômica, assim, agudizou os problemas oriundos da modernização liberal, que efetivamente foi marcada por essa blindagem das esferas econômica, política e social umas em relação às outras. Como consequência, a superação da modernidade liberal, modernidade essa retomada pelo neoliberalismo, somente pode ser feita no momento em que se reafirma o social enquanto horizonte normativo, o político enquanto instância diretiva da evolução social e o econômico enquanto esfera de controle público-estatal e de gestão democrática da produção e da distribuição da riqueza, que o modelo do Estado de bem-estar social representou e representa de maneira exemplar, em termos de ligação e de complementaridade entre tais esferas.: the paper argues that current economic crisis cannot be understood or conceived consistently just since its reduction to an internal deficit into productive-financial structure, as a drop in the standards of accumulation; indeed, this crisis is originated from a crisis in the directive power of society, that intensifies the separation between economic, political and social spheres, since the defense of a self-referentiality of economic scope related with others, which, because that, are framed by economic imperatives, having undermined the normativity and the evolutionary direction of society. So, economic crisis exacerbated the problems legated by liberal modernity, that was characterized by the shielding of economic, political and social spheres to each other. Consequently, overcoming of liberal modernity, that was resumption by Neoliberalism, only can be done when we reiterate the social as horizon of normativity, the political as directive instance of social evolution, and the economical as a sphere of public and state-owned control and democratic management of production and distribution of the wealth, that the model of Welfare State represented and represents exemplarily with its complementarity of those spheres. Keywords: Economic Crisis; Power Crisis; Welfare State; Liberal Modernity. (shrink)

O presente trabalho analisa a crise da legalidade sobre os aspectos da falência da legitimidade do Estado e da crise do Estado de Direito. Os poderes estabelecidos carecem de representatividade junto à população, que não credita mais à lei um meio de expressão da justiça. A hipótese averiguada demonstra que os pressupostos e técnicas da Legística possuem meios para o restabelecimento da credibilidade da lei no processo legislativo. Utilizou-se o método jurídico-dedutivo na pesquisa bibliográfica, com marco teórico na teoria do (...) Estado de Direito, de Jacques Chevallier e na Legística, que visa impulsionar a produção eficiente e eficaz da norma jurídica. (shrink)

Social systems are always exposed to critical processes in which their organization, or part of it, is questioned by the society that demands solutions through different critical saliences. The traditional approach to such social crises has mainly focused on their anticipation and management, implying that the focus is on trying to deal with crises once they occur, rather than delving in their essential characteristics that seemingly depend on the adaptive nature of the system and the increase in its (...) internal complexity. To address this issue, we propose a dual approach that utilizes both qualitative and quantitative methods in order to delve into the relationship between the complexity of the social system, its adaptation, and critical episodes. Our analysis shows how an explosive economic growth affects a social system, increasing its complexity. This complexity produces different demands from the system itself. These demands manifest signatures of complexity such as a heterogeneous and rich social structure, which emerges during moments when the society acts strongly. (shrink)

Esse artigo é fruto de um projeto de pesquisa, que busca estabelecer um diálogo Sul-Sul entre o pensamento do educador Paulo Freire e o sociólogo Boaventura Santos, com foco nos temas da democracia e da educação pública na atualidade da sociedade brasileira (2014-2020). Essa pesquisa se assentou numa abordagem qualitativa, priorizando a pesquisa bibliográfica e documental. No entanto, para fins de delimitação desse artigo e de socialização de alguns resultados, centro a análise na contribuição do pensamento de Paulo Freire a (...) partir das margens do Sul, tomando como base seu conceito de “ser mais”, para debater sobre essa crise da democracia e da educação pública na atualidade do país. Ao tomar como base esse conceito de “ser mais”, foi possível identificar tanto os limites estruturantes da democracia liberal na sociedade, em particular na educação, e a necessidade de fazer emergir outras interpretações não eurocêntricas a respeito desses temas, bem como evidenciar um cenário de agudo retrocesso democrático, que demonstra avançar na condição do “ser menos” e, por conseguinte, distorcer, profundamente, a vocação ontológica de ser mais. Palavras-Chave: Paulo Freire; Ser mais; Democracia; Educação Pública; Margens do Sul. Democracy and education crisis in Brazil: a contribution of freirean thought to the debate Abstract: This article is the result of a research project, which seeks to establish a South-South dialogue between the thought of educator Paulo Freire and sociologist Boaventura Santos, focusing on the themes of democracy and public education in the current situation of Brazilian society (2014-2020). This research was based on a qualitative approach, prioritizing bibliographic and documentary research. However, for the purpose of delimiting this article and sharing some results, I focus the analysis on the contribution of Paulo Freire's thought from the Southern margins, based on his concept of “being more”, to debate this crisis of democracy and public education in the country's current situation. Based on this concept of “being more”, it was possible to identify both the structuring limits of liberal democracy in society, in particular in education, and the need to bring out other non-Eurocentric interpretations of these themes, as well as showing a scenario of acute democratic setback, which demonstrates advancing in the condition of “being less” and, therefore, profoundly distorting the ontological vocation of being more. Keywords: Paulo Freire; Being more; Democracy; Public education; Southern margins. Crisis de la democracia y educación en Brasil: una contribución del pensamiento freireano al debate Resumen: Este artículo es el resultado de un proyecto de investigación, que busca establecer un diálogo Sur-Sur entre el pensamiento del educador Paulo Freire y el sociólogo Boaventura Santos, centrándose en los temas de la democracia y la educación pública en la sociedad brasileña actual (2014-2020). Esta investigación se basó en un enfoque cualitativo, dando prioridad a la investigación bibliográfica y documental. Sin embargo, para efectos de delimitación de este artículo y socialización de algunos resultados, centro el análisis en el aporte del pensamiento de Paulo Freire desde los márgenes del Sur, tomando como base su concepto de "ser más", para discutir esta crisis de la democracia y la educación pública en la situación actual del país. Tomando como base este concepto de "ser más", fue posible identificar los límites estructurales de la democracia liberal en la sociedad, particularmente en la educación, y la necesidad de sacar a la luz otras interpretaciones no eurocéntricas de estas cuestiones, así como poner de manifiesto un escenario de aguda regresión democrática, que demuestra avanzar en la condición de "ser menos" y, en consecuencia, desvirtuar profundamente la vocación ontológica de ser más. Palabras clave: Paulo Freire; Ser más; Democracia; Educación Pública; Márgenes del Sur. Data de registro: 18/02/2022 Data de aceite: 26/10/2022. (shrink)

Comment les tendances lourdes de l’évolution du droit canonique depuis une cinquantaine d’années peuvent–elles contribuer à une analyse pluridisciplinaire des mutations de l’Église catholique elle-même? Peut-on discerner certains liens ou certains indices de connexité entre évolution du droit canonique et mutation de l’Église catholique dans les sociétés sécularisées de l’Europe du Nord-Ouest, voire entre les dysfonctionnements du premier et l’affaissement de la seconde? Le texte voudrait montrer comment une triple crise de légitimité, d’effectivité et de légalité du droit canonique met (...) en lumière l’évolution de l’Église catholique et les enjeux d’une nouvelle relation entre responsabilité et authenticité. (shrink)

Este artigo procura expor a crítica da filósofa Hannah Arendt (1906-1975) às concepções educacionais do Pragmatismo, em especial ao pragmatismo de John Dewey (1859-1952). Primeiramente, é exposta brevemente a teoria educacional de Hannah Arendt com base no texto A crise na educação, seu único texto eminentemente educacional. Por se articular com o todo de sua obra, faz-se também incursões na vasta obra da autora, a fim de ampliar a compreensão do sentido da educação no conjunto da filosofia e da teoria (...) política arendtiana. Posteriormente, é tratada a crítica objeto deste artigo, propriamente dita, com base numa análise do texto Democracia e Educação, de Dewey, à luz da teoria arendtiana. (shrink)

Dans sa Philosophie de la nouvelle musique, Theodor W. Adorno constatait déjà que la musique "en un mouvement critique, a dissous l'idée d'oeuvre achevée et rompu avec le public". Et il ajoutait : "ni la crise sociale, ni celle de la culture - et dans le concept de crise on implique déjà la reconstruction administrante - aucune de ces crises n'a pu paralyser la vie musicale officielle". L'idée que la musique dite "contemporaine" se vive sous la forme d'une crise, (...) et que cette crise implique toutes les parties prenantes de l'acte esthétique, du compositeur au public, semble donc être installée depuis longtemps dans la pensée musicale. Plus qu'un travail historiographique, il s'agissait de mettre en évidence la nature de cette crise à travers un ensemble d'études et d'analyses impliquant des acteurs majeurs de la musique de création du vingtième siècle. En réunissant ici une série d'articles écrits depuis bientôt trente ans, l'auteur nous convie à une réflexion personnelle et sans compromis sur le bouleversement du rapport esthétique qui a traversé le champ musical et sur la manière dont il affecte notre faculté d'écouter."--Page 4 of cover. (shrink)

In order to discuss our problem I propose to adopt a definition of art as an ensemble of man-made objects of specific character, of materials, tools and institutions, of people—those who produce and those who commission or look at works of art—and of techniques and skills mastered by the artists. Art—so broadly understood—has no sharp limits, it is an area connected by hundreds of links with the whole of social, economic, intellectual and spiritual life. It is exposed to various disturbances (...) since any one occurring in those other areas with which art is connected must of necessity affect art and its development to a greater or smaller degree. Lack of demand for some kind of artistic products must lead to the extinction of the corresponding kind of production. For instance, images of saints disappeared in those parts of Germany which adopted the Reformation. One can say in general, that, since various factors of social and economic character influence the life of art, it must reflect the results of those crises which affect social, political or economic life, although the way art reacts on various disturbances may be varied. It may seem natural that in a period of unemployment and of high prices society cannot afford to devote as much money to invest in the goods of culture as it does in times of prosperity, and often it is so indeed. (shrink)

Nous allons revenir en détail sur certaines des « mesures de sauvetage » déjà mises en œuvre et faire un tour d’horizon des déboires de ce monde de crise 2.0, dans lequel gouvernements, ménages et acteurs de la finance s’efforcent tous de réduire leur niveau d’endettement. Les résultats de cette situation sont sans appel : stagnation, chômage, démantèlement de l’État-providence et arrivée de coalitions de technocrates sans mandat électoral. Des stratégies de résistance doivent être mises en œuvre pour traiter efficacement (...) les causes sous-jacentes de la crise. Nous appelons de nos vœux une expansion de la demande globale rendue possible par la hausse des rémunérations dans les pays à bas salaires, des annulations de dettes dans les pays pauvres comme dans les plus riches, de nouveaux mécanismes de protection sociale et des structures financières mises au service de l’intérêt public. (shrink)

This paper presents an attempt to describe parents’ activities, in which context it is puzzling that – on the basis of a negative assessment of the current reality (current crises, including the privatization of what is public) – parents seem to be searching intensively for new solutions that would make better not only the school but also the world it is a part of. Their focus, in this, is on the local dimension of activities that refer to sustainability and (...) emphasize place. In this approach, place is a field of confrontation and constant becoming. Parental activities in one sustainable community school in Chicago is the point of departure to introduce a pedagogy of the vital place that pays specific attention to how the heritage of these places makes them (partially) resistant to capitalist capture, and somewhat ready to take on the challenges of the crisis in which we live on the planet today. The reflection presented in this article is guided by the assumption that, in these times, when the survival of humankind is at stake, we desperately need a more-than-human format of world. (shrink)

A quoi bon, pour comprendre l'etat et l'evolution de la philosophie du XIXe siecle apres la mort de Hegel, commencer par dresser la liste des philosophes d'une periode pendant laquelle on annonce partout l'agonie de la philosophie elle-meme? A quoi bon commencer par quantifier l'influence des philosophes et des ecoles philosophiques d'une periode durant laquelle les philosophes confessent ouvertement leur decouragement et esperent la venue d'un grand reformateur qui puisse sortir la philosophie du grand discredit dans lequel elle est tombee? (...) La seconde moitie du XIXe siecle, c'est d'abord cette agonie et cette anarchie, ce decouragement et cette desorientation, la grande crise de la philosophie, une periode de mutation majeure dont les principes commandent jusqu'a nos jours. (shrink)

Quelle est la contribution de la crise écologique, des interrogations qu’elle suscite, à la réflexion philosophique relative à l’idée de nature? Je retiendrai les quatre apports suivants : la mise en lumière de l’insuffisance de l’idée moderne de nature, réduite aux lois de la physique ; l’impossibilité du programme baconien d’extension indéfinie de l’empire humain ; le caractère incontournable de notre appartenance à la nature ; et enfin la mise au jour de l’insuffisance de la règle d’or à procurer le (...) cadre normatif de toutes nos actions. (shrink)

Discusses Heidegger, Foucault, Derrida, Habermas, and recent feminist theory. Sees the crises as without cure or end. Paper edition (unseen), $17.95. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR.

On 11 March 2020, the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 as a pandemic. The consequences of the twenty-first century’s biggest public health challenge has triggered an overall slump to all...

Crises and social revolts in the historiography of contemporary France Refusing to apprehend the category as a simple empirical fact, the article examine the notion of crisis against the perspective offered by the series of French Revolutions : . This enables the authors to question these « moments of crisis » in relation to the historiographical contribution of successive generations of historians. In opposition to a liberal vision where social revolts are devoid of any political project, such an approach (...) on the part of the historian places the focus on a people, a proletariat, a group which, above all, reveals itself to be a political subject. To be effective, and to avoid stifling the comprehension of a revolutionary phenomenon, the concept of conjunctural crisis is thus combined with the invocation of a longer temporality and with a comprehension of the organic movements of society. The focus placed on the moment of crisis enables the authors to propose a different way of apprehending revolution, to grasp its rootedness in time that is both profound and immediate, organic and circumstantial. (shrink)

Economic Crises, Environmental Crises: Moving Beyond Capitalism.

Le terme de République est un mot dont l’évidence et la présence dans notre culture politique contemporaine n’ont d’égales que ses indéterminations de longue durée. La première de ces indéterminations tient d’ailleurs à l’origine de « république » dans le syntagme latin res publica avec le sens immédiatement complexe et polysémique d’une notion que l’on retrouve abondamment utilisée sous la République romaine proprement dite mais aussi sous l’Empire. Questionner la res publica, c’est donc évidemment questionner un pan crucial de l’histoire (...) politique romaine mais c’est aussi intervenir dans l’histoire politique tout court et dans la réflexion méthodologique sur la langue de cette politique. Pas de modélisation stabilisée donc et pas plus de recherche de « l’essence de la chose », pas non plus de prétention à une définition de l’objet d’étude puisqu’une suite d’effacements et de réapparitions des noyaux de sens est le propre de la res publica. L’enquête dynamique porte sur une question qui devient, selon un syntagme présent, de façon significative, dans la dernière page de l’ouvrage de Claudia Moatti, « référence mobilisatrice », politique donc. En effet, dans ce parcours, l’acceptation de l’incertitude et de l’indétermination devient en quelque sorte le prix à payer pour retrouver la vie des mots et leur charge historique, en tant qu’ils se lient à l’action des hommes, à leur engagement dans le monde, sans s’appuyer sur les certitudes sémantiques ni sur un programme à mettre en œuvre mais en partant de questions ouvertes justement parce qu’aucune des réponses proposées ne s’est avérée satisfaisante. La comparaison avec un autre moment de crise politique et sémantique, le moment machiavélien, permettra en conclusion d’illustrer la fécondité de la perspective adoptée. (shrink)

Les crises que nous vivons - écologique et climatique, économique et financière, sociale et culturelle, également ecclésiale et théologique - sont une seule et même crise: elle est d’ordre épistémologique, a par conséquent trait aux fondements porteurs de la modernité qui arrive dans cette crise à facettes multiples à sa fin. La modernité est marquée par un dualisme fondamental et, partant, par les unilatéralismes qui en résultent: l’anthropocentrisme d’un côté, le matérialisme irrespectueux de bien des manières de la matière (...) de l’autre côté. L’issue de la crise qui s’esquisse dans cette dernière elle-même dès lors que les causes en apparaissent, tient dans une approche du réel qui se fait non plus de manière méthodologiquement a-thée, mais de manière méthodologiquement théonome; par là seul le dualisme est dépassé. L’issue, c’est de considérer le réel dans ses parties et dans son tout, donc tout à la fois par la science et par la pensée; celle-ci est la reprise réflexive et critique de la science, à l’aune de tout le réel. Qu’est-ce que cela signifie-t-il, et quel défi cela représente-t-il pour la théologie, et particulièrement pour la théologie chrétienne? C’est cette question qui sera posée, c’est elle qui demande à être éclairée. (shrink)

A recepção de Hannah Arendt ocorre principalmente no domínio da filosofia política, de modo a interpretá-la como uma teórica das crises do século XX. Contudo, essa perspectiva perde de vista os pressupostos e compromissos teóricos que a obra arendtiana assume com a tradição filosófica alemã, os quais permitem identificar problemas ainda não tratados em sua recepção. Assim, por meio de uma revisão bibliográfica, aliada à análise de ensaios teóricos da autora, esse artigo objetiva apontar uma lacuna na literatura arendtiana (...) ao verificar, de um lado, a presença de uma estrutura fenomenológica nos textos de Hannah Arendt e, por outro, conexões entre os seus temas e métodos e o problema da crise de identidade da filosofia. Dessa forma, ao evidenciar o tratamento deste problema na obra de Hannah Arendt, amplia-se sua recepção além do domínio da filosofia política. (shrink)

The Crises of the Economy-World and the Overcoming of Capitalism : From the 1970s to the New Century. The current crisis of neoliberalism can only be understood if we resituate it within the context of the historical dynamic of the capitalist mode of production. The precedent most often cited is that of the 1929 crash. There is however another comparison which is equally apposite, the comparison with the structural crisis of the 1970s. How are we to compare the economic (...) factors which are involved here, the conditions which led to the crisis and their political consequences ? Can we argue that the current crisis is ushering in a new phase of capitalism, or that it is opening up a number of alternative paths ? These are some of the crucial issues addressed here by Gérard Duménil in the questions put to Immanuel Wallerstein. (shrink)