Focusing on the constitutional changes undergone since 2005 in Iraq, Sudan, Morocco, Tunisia and Egypt, this article explains how the constitutional limitation clauses affected the respective material constitutional transformations. The explanatory value of the limitation clauses is tested, with possible causalities (as well as non-causal relations) explored through a case study. Generalizing research arguments are offered, theorizing about the material constitutional transformation processes in authoritarian and post-authoritarian scenarios. The research arguments shed light on the limitation clauses’ potential to reveal the (...) policy intent underlying the constituent power, as well as their negative implications for a proper democratic consolidation, their effects in keeping dynamics of political immobilism, and their consequences in terms of favouring instances of authoritarian regression. (shrink)

Tomando como punto de partida hermenéutico lo que Martin Heidegger denominó como olvido del ser, en el contexto de su ambiciosa crítica a la metafísica occidental como ontoteología, se pone en ejercicio una hermenéutica analógico-icónica (deudora del modelo postulado por el filósofo mexicano Mauricio Beuchot) que permite recuperarlo en el ámbito jurídico, respetando la diferencia ontológica, mediante el recurso a la analogicidad y a la iconicidad como propiedades ontológicas del ser jurídico. Para ello se lleva a cabo una crítica de (...) las principales ontologías jurídicas (iusnaturalismos, iuspositivismos y antiformalismos jurídicos), con el objetivo de articular ciertas bases que permitan desarrollar hoy una ontología analógico-icónica de lo jurídico. (shrink)

Assinalando o quinto centenário da morte do pintor Sandro Botticelli (1445-1510), homenageia-se aqui a obra deste artista destacado do Renascimento através da relação entre dois dos seus mais importantes quadros e textos de dois autores italianos: Nastagio degli Onesti e Nascimento de Vénus contêm duas representações da mulher, coincidindo tanto no comportamento que dela espera a sociedade renascentista, como nos modelos medievais de Giovanni Boccaccio (1313-1375) e de Francesco Petrarca (1304-1374).O conjunto pictórico Nastagio degli Onesti, baseado em “A terrível visão” (...) (um dos cem contos da obra Decameron, de Boccaccio), pode ser entendido como um veículo de propaganda doutrinária ao serviço de uma ideologia feudal, que propõe a submissão do “objecto” feminino ao sujeito masculino, ao matrimónio e aos mais elevados interesses oligárquicos.O Nascimento de Vénus é, muito provavelmente, o quadro mais famoso de Botticelli. Pintado no auge da sua carreira, procura transpor o cânone estético da Vénus pagã da Antiguidade para a Laura cristã de Petrarca: a mulher, como símbolo da baixa paixão carnal, metamorfoseia-se no mais elevado amor espiritual. Com efeito, a Vénus botticelliana tem a beleza da Laura petrarquista, seguindo ainda o cânone provençal para destacar os seus predicados físicos. (shrink)

Publicamos dos obras desconocidas de Ellacuria: "Comunicación y trabajo" y "El sentido de la historia". Ambos textos han permanecido inéditos porque su elaboración no había sido completada. Sin embargo, muestran dos aspectos de este pensamiento l filosófico es tan interesante que podría ser necesario para que los estudiosos les tengan en cuenta la importancia del trabajoy comunicación para la realidad personal y si la historia tiene un sentido o no y cuál podría ser este sentido.

Despite the ubiquity of healthcare simulation and the humanities in medical education, the two domains of learning remain unintegrated. The stories suffused within healthcare simulation have thus remained unshaped by the developments of narrative medicine and the health humanities. Healthcare simulation, in turn, has yet to utilize concepts like co-construction and narrative competence to enrich learners’ understanding of patient experience alongside their clinical competencies. To create a conceptual bridge between these two fields (including narrative-based inquiry more broadly), we redescribe narrative (...) competence via Ronald Heifetz’s distinction of “technical” and “adaptive” challenges outlined in his adaptive leadership model. Heifetz, we argue, enriches learners’ self-understanding of the unique demands of cultivating narrative competence, which can be both elucidated on the page and tested within the charged yet supportive simulation environment. We introduce Co-constructive Patient Simulation (CCPS) to demonstrate how working with simulated patients can support narrative work by drawing on the clinical vicissitudes of learners in the formulation and enactment of case studies. The three movements of CCPS—resensing, retelling, and retooling—told through learner experiences, describe the affinities and divergences between narrative medicine’s sequence of attention, representation, and affiliation; Montello’s three forms of narrative competence (departure, performance, change), and Heifetz’s three steps (observe, interpret, and intervene) of adaptive leadership. (shrink)

El presente artículo describe un proyecto de innovación educativa de aprendizaje de competencias, realizado en el Curso Propio de Liderazgo de la Universidad San Pablo CEU, transversal a toda su oferta educativa. Se trata de nuevo proyecto basa- do en una docencia híbrida, donde las masterclass más teóricas se han complemen- tado con un aprendizaje basado en retos vinculados a materias de comunicación y sostenibilidad, aplicando la metodología Design Sprint. De esta forma, se consigue formar al alumno en las llamadas (...) habilidades blandas, cada vez más demandadas por el entorno laboral. (shrink)

Diseases of complex origin have a component of quantitative genetics that contributes to their susceptibility and phenotypic variability. However, after several studies, a major part of the genetic component of complex phenotypes has still not been found, a situation known as “missing heritability.” Although there have been many hypotheses put forward to explain the reasons for the missing heritability, its definitive causes remain unknown. Complex diseases are caused by multiple intermediate phenotypes involved in their pathogenesis and, very often, each one (...) of these intermediate phenotypes also has a component of quantitative inheritance. Here we propose that at least part of the missing heritability can be explained by the genetic component of intermediate phenotypes that is not detectable at the level of the main complex trait. At the same time, the identification of the genetic component of intermediate phenotypes provides an opportunity to identify part of the missing heritability of complex diseases. (shrink)

Este artículo explora varios motivos en los que Arendt pudo inspirarse en Benjamin para distanciarse luego. Sobre todo, la concepción de la naturaleza como ruina y la relación entre historia y naturaleza que él caracterizaría como historia natural. Junto a ello, la “nuda vida” y la noción de “creatura”, que Benjamin reelabora a partir del drama barroco y Arendt reconstruye en la figura de los refugiados y la “abstracta desnudez del ser humano”. Ambas figuras reaparecen en la lectura que los (...) dos hacen de Kafka como anticipación profética del totalitarismo. Pero, mientras que Arendt extrae de él las figuras opuestas del paria y del parvenu, Benjamin se fija en el mesianismo y en el carácter opresivo de la ley. La desatención de Arendt a esto último es la condición de su apuesta por la natalidad y la política, lo que le distancia de Benjamin y del propio Kafka. (shrink)

Soto Calderón, Andrea (2022)Imaginación materialSantiago de Chile: Metales Pesados, 149 p.ISBN 978-9566048923.

In this article we examine the way in which the American Alt-Right movement has made Friedrich Nietzsche its most influential philosopher. The authors ascribed to the Alt-Right evidence a strong liking for the German philosopher's ideas, which resonate forcefully in many their principal policies: specifically, the characterisation of our contemporaneity as “decadent”, the comparison between “superior men” and the project to construct a “white ethnostate”, and the advocacy of Christianity, as opposed to Christianism, as an identity structure for defining white (...) civilisation. Having trawled the main Alt-Right forums of ideological expression and analysed the key writings of their theorists, references and spokespersons, we aim to present a systematic explanation of how this advocacy has been built on certain Nietzschean themes. We also argue that this is a partial, superficial and contradictory reading of Nietzsche, as well as a narrow and distorted interpretation. (shrink)

La relación intelectual oculta que sostenía la amistad entre Hannah Arendt y Walter Benjamin va más allá de la relación de amistad personal que sostuvieron en el exilio en Francia y más allá de las interpretaciones que la propia Arendt hace posteriormente de Benjamin, que lo colocan injustamente cerca de Heidegger. Este artículo se propone, más bien, buscar la conexión entre los dos en la lectura que hacen de Kafka como escritor de las parábolas de la vida moderna. En ellas, (...) ambos encuentran la figura del paria y del refugiado expulsado de la sociedad administrada. Arendt encontrará también la posibilidad del paria consciente, dotado de la facultad de juicio que replica la figura benjaminiana de la redención. (shrink)

La Casa de Santiago de Jerusalén, para estudiantes bíblicos y arqueólogos españoles en Tierra Santa, fue erigida, formalmente, en noviembre de 1955. Este trabajo recopila e interpreta algunos de los diplomas que se intercambiaron hasta aquel momento los promotores de esta obra. La relevancia que, con los años, ha adquirido este centro de investigación hace que resulte importante recuperar esta documentación y la información programática que aporta para el análisis y la definición de su historia.

Este trabajo de inves-tigación histórica trata de establecer algunos criterios para interpretar uno de los conflictos más notorios de cuantos suscitó la convivencia entre el cristianismo y el islam a lo largo de la Edad Media en la Penín-sula Ibérica. A partir de los infor-mes que se redactaron, a lo largo del siglo XVI, para la causa de su canonización, este artículo analiza algunas leyendas bajomedievales y las interpretaciones historiográficas modernas sobre el martirio, el año 834, de los 200 benedictinos (...) del monasterio de San Pedro de Cardeña, en Burgos. (shrink)

La pregunta que articula este artículo es acerca del tipo de sujeto que se esconde tras los requisitos formales del acto en Žižek. ¿Quiénes son los sujetos empíricos implicados en su concepción de acto? El acto lo es sin sujeto, carece de explicación causalista; sin embargo, si bien no aporta una noción positiva con contornos específicos y un contenido determinado, sí existe una dimensión sociológica implícita. ¿Dónde ubica sociológicamente ese “universal concreto”? Si el efecto más inmediato de lo que Žižek (...) denomina “posmodernismo” es la despolitización de la economía, ¿Quién es, entonces, el agente de la repolitización? ¿qué podría ocupar hoy el lugar de “posición proletaria”? Argumentamos que si bien Žižek se propone repetir Lenin contra las concepciones economicistas, su apuesta por el lumpen como “individuo universal” lo aproxima más bien a los planteamientos bakunianos contra Marx, al observar en las figuras de la exclusión un potencial sujeto revolucionario. (shrink)

A partir de las reflexiones de H. Bergson sobre la risa, nos preguntamos qué podría tener de específico el humor en la lógica populista de E. Laclau; cuáles son los vínculos afectivos que se construyen entre el líder y el pueblo a través de las estrategias cómicas; y en qué medida el humor podría ser utilizado como elemento movilizador para la construcción de un pueblo. Más que como atributos de una agencia política independiente, nos interesa pensar el humor como atributo (...) de la representación iconográfica en el sentido que le otorga E. Laclau. Si para H. Bergson la risa tiene una función social correctora, proponemos pensar la experiencia cómica desde una función intensificadora en la construcción de identidades colectivas. (shrink)

Este artículo se propone como objetivo problematizar los principales análisis que han abordado las relaciones posibles entre el populismo y el neoliberalismo. Aun cuando existe una extensa literatura sobre ello, aquí no atenderemos a cualquier concepción del populismo, sino sólo a las que se refieren a la razón populista de Ernesto Laclau; y, de la misma manera, no a cualquier concepción de lo neoliberal, sino a la gubernamentalidad neoliberal de Michel Foucault. Y, más en concreto, ponemos la mirada sobre las (...) reflexiones que atienden al vínculo entre la gubernamentalidad neoliberal y la razón populista, entendiendo ésta última como un horizonte de construcción política de un proyecto democrático, una forma de elaborar la voluntad política que tiene una pretensión emancipadora. Así, expondremos y desgranaremos las perspectivas que consideramos fundamentales al tiempo que las someteremos a diferentes consideraciones críticas. (shrink)

En este artículo revisamos la crítica postoperaista a la teoría de la acción comunicativa de Jürgen Habermas a la luz de los problemas políticos abiertos por el régimen de producción postfordista. Atenderemos a la lectura postoperaista y habermasiana de los Grundrisse de Marx, prestando especial atención al concepto de trabajo vivo; analizaremos en qué medida el potencial hermenéutico de la acción comunicativa queda anulado por el desplazamiento del problema del nivel ontológico al ético; y argumentaremos que la dualidad entre trabajo (...) material y trabajo inmaterial presentada por el postoperaismo no reproduce el dualismo habermasiano entre acción comunicativa y acción instrumental. (shrink)

The Interrogatory of the year 1755 is the document which had to carry out the city of Lorca to elaborate the "Catastro de la Ensenada". lt has been possible to know, through it, the productive structure of a rural, gremial and conservative country where the political powder was kept by the oligarchy. In this paper we have studied the division and use of the land, its production, yields, prices and taxes as well as the manufacturing, comercial and industrial activities. Also, (...) this paper allow us tho know the distribution of the employed people and their rentallevel, and also show the way in which the burocracy gives to this rural country sorne urban character. We have tried to carry out an approach to a pre-industrial society of the "Old Regimen" which has an important density of population and where the guilds gave to this society gremial character. (shrink)

Background Neuroimaging and lesion studies suggested that the dorsolateral prefrontal and posterior parietal cortices mediate visual metacognitive awareness. The causal evidence provided by non-invasive brain stimulation, however, is inconsistent. -/- Objective/hypothesis Here we revisit a major figure discrimination experiment adding a new Kanizsa figure task trying to resolve whether bilateral continuous theta-burst transcranial magnetic stimulation (cTBS) over these regions affects perceptual metacognition. Specifically, we tested whether subjective visibility ratings and/or metacognitive efficiency are lower when cTBS is applied to these two (...) regions in comparison to an active control region. -/- Methods A within-subjects design including three sessions spaced by one-week intervals was implemented. In each session, every participant was administered bilateral cTBS to either prefrontal, control or parietal cortices. Two concurrent tasks were performed, a real and an illusory figure task, stabilising objective performance with use of an adaptive staircase procedure. -/- Results When performing the replicated task, cTBS was found insufficient to disrupt neither visibility ratings nor metacognitive efficiency. However, with use of Kanizsa style illusory figures, cTBS over the dorsolateral prefrontal, but not over the posterior parietal cortex, was observed to significantly diminish metacognitive efficiency. -/- Conclusion(s) Real and illusory figure tasks demonstrated different cTBS effects. A possible explanation is the involvement of the prefrontal cortex in the creation of expectations, which is necessary for efficient metacognition. Failure to replicate previous findings for the real figure task, however, cannot be said to support, conclusively, the notion that these brain regions have a causal role in metacognitive awareness. This inconsistent finding may result from certain limitations of our study, thereby suggesting the need for yet further investigation. (shrink)

Placing the discursive psychological analysis of sexuality at its centre, this article considers a number of overlapping fields of linguistics: women’s language, construction of gender identities and language and sexuality. By encompassing these fields, in spite of potential differences in terms of theoretical stance and foci of analysis, the present study suggests a wider stance in the analysis of language, gender and sexuality. The study considers two important post-structuralist concepts: performativity and heteronormativity. More precisely, the analysis shows how the sexual (...) identities of British heterosexual female teenagers are discursively constructed and regulated via language use when aggressively relating to other girls in Facebook. The analysis is based on the assumption that sexuality is but one aspect of identity. Although on the surface these British teenagers’ constructions present masculine ‘negative’ mean girls, a closer analysis reveals that more subversive and challenging interpretations can be applied. (shrink)

Researchers working in the field of ecosystem services (ES) have long acknowledged the importance of recognising multiple values in ecosystems and biodiversity. Yet the operationalisation of value pluralism in ES assessments remains largely elusive. The aim of this research is to present a taxonomy of values and valuation methods to widen the evaluative space for ES. First, we present our preanalytic positions in regards to the values and valuation of ES. Second, we review different value definitions that we deem relevant (...) for the discussion of ES valuation. Third, we propose a taxonomy of ES values based on different conceptions of human-nature relationships. Finally, we present a taxonomy of different methods that can be used to recognise plural values in ES. This taxonomy for a plural valuation can help ES scientists and practitioners with their aim of representing people's multiple and context-specific ways of valuing nature. The taxonomy can also serve to pay broader attention to ES values that are overlooked or misrepresented in assessments that restrict their focus to monetary valuations. (shrink)

El artículo analiza el problema de la expulsión de extranjeros sospechosos de ser delincuentes o anarquistas, tomando como marco temporal la acción de la policía de Buenos Aires durante la jefatura de Francisco Beazley (1896-1904). A partir del cruce de dos tradiciones historiográficas diferentes —aquella que toma como objeto a la institución policial y el mundo del delito y la que se ha preocupado por el surgimiento del anarquismo—, busca reflexionar sobre los mecanismos de deportación de inmigrantes antes y después (...) de la aprobación de la Ley de Residencia en 1902. Si bien el foco está puesto en el accionar de la policía de Buenos Aires, una de las ideasvertebradoras del análisis es que la comprensiónde la acción policial frente a la expulsión de extranjeros requiere un estudio detenido en los enlaces entre las ciudades portuarias del litoral atlántico sudamericano y europeo. De esta manera, el artículo se propone reconstruir una cartografía de la actuación transnacional de la policía,conectando a Buenos Aires con Rio de Janeiro, Montevideo y la costa española. Para ello, se ha consultado un heterogéneo conjunto de fuentes que van desde informes consulares y prensa policial, hasta periódicos de Brasil y Argentina, pasando por escritos anarquistas y socialistas. (shrink)

Despite its apparent simplicity, the speech act of complimenting has received a great deal of attention in the literature. However, studies have mostly focused on compliments’ realization in face-to-face conversational exchanges, while they have often been neglected in other channels such as online communication. This article is intended to redress the balance in support of online exchanges. More specifically, we aim to investigate how users of online social networks like Facebook use compliments to evaluate others and strengthen social rapport in (...) English and Spanish. In order to do so, we gathered two balanced corpora in both languages. The samples were quantitatively and qualitatively analysed using a systemic functional framework. The analysis reveals that compliments constitute a system of choices where several available options help Facebook users to encode their evaluation of the other from various perspectives. Furthermore, results also show that despite superficial similarities, compliments in both languages follow remarkably different frequencies of use which reflect deep cultural differences. (shrink)

The current study analyzed how trait emotional intelligence (trait EI) mediates the relationship between self-esteem and state anxiety (STAI-S) and trait anxiety (STAI-T). The sample was composed of 153 undergraduate students from the University of Cádiz, Spain (71.9% women and 28.1% men). Students completed measures of self-esteem, STAI-S, STAI-T, and trait EI. Mediation analyses were completed with three trait EI dimensions (emotional attention -EA-, emotional clarity -EC-, and mood repair -MR) as mediating variables, self-esteem as the independent variable, and STAI-S (...) and STAI-T as the dependent ones. Our results confirmed that self-esteem scores explained and predicted both, STAI-S and STAI-T values (13% for STAI-S and 21% for STAI-T). This explanatory capacity is increased by 8% when accounting for all trait EI dimensions. Considering STAI-S, the results of the direct effects showed that a decrease in their levels is predicted through the increases in the levels of both, self-esteem and MR. Regarding STAI-T, the results of the direct effects showed that a decrease in their levels is predicted, in addition to an increment of self-esteem and MR values, by an increase of EC and a decrease of EA. Conversely, indirect effects revealed that higher levels of self-esteem were associated with worse scores in EA and worse MR, which in turn would enhance both STAI-S and STAI-T levels. Moreover, regarding STAI-T higher levels of self-esteem were associated with worse scores in EA and worse EC, therefore increasing STAI-T levels. As shown, the negative association found between self-esteem and EA becomes a key element. The effect of self-esteem on EA and the influence that the latter had on EC and MR exerts an indirect mediated effect with the power to invert the influence that self-esteem wields on both types of anxiety. In this sense, the apparent protective role of self-esteem changed, turning into a risk factor that promotes higher anxiety values. (shrink)