La multiplication des contrats à durée déterminée constitue une caractéristique importante des marchés académiques contemporains. Ce phénomène de précarisation, observable dans plusieurs contextes disciplinaires et nationaux, se manifeste notamment par l’augmentation marquée, depuis les années 1990, du nombre d’emplois postdoctoraux, proportionnellement au nombre de postes stabilisés. Parallèlement, les chercheur⋅e⋅s en début de carrière sont largement confronté⋅e⋅s à des discours institutionnels faisant la promotion des mobilités académiques et des collaborations internationales. L’abondance des discours autour de la mobilité des jeunes chercheur⋅e⋅s tend (...) cependant à masquer la pérennité des modèles de carrières nationaux, très variables d’un pays à l’autre du fait de l’histoire particulière des espaces concernés. À partir des données quantitatives et qualitatives sur les expériences de début de carrière académique en Suisse, notre article vise à pointer comment l’impératif de mobilité internationale – particulièrement fort dans le contexte helvétique contemporain – s’hybride avec le modèle de carrière en vigueur depuis le début du xxe siècle. L’analyse croisée des déterminants structurels des débuts de carrières académiques et des récits des « postdocs » permet de comprendre les différentes manières « d’être » postdoctorant⋅e⋅s et les potentielles (dés)illusions qui les accompagnent, tout en pointant le caractère socialement situé de ces expériences – notamment en termes de genre. Elle offre également un éclairage plus général sur les tensions qui structurent l’espace académique suisse à l’heure de son internationalisation. (shrink)

Philosophia Scientiae 23-3, p. 35-66, doi : 10.4000/philosophiascientiae.2048 Dans les échanges de fichiers durant les corrections des épreuves de notre article, nous avons transmis nos figures avec une notation erronée. Par ailleurs une des figures a sauté au cours des mêmes échanges, du fait d’une inattention de notre part. Elle est reproduite ci-dessous. Dans l’article publié dans la version p...

Philosophia Scientiae 23-3, p. 35-66, doi : 10.4000/philosophiascientiae.2048 Dans les échanges de fichiers durant les corrections des épreuves de notre article (« Ce “qu’être postdoc” veut dire»), nous avons transmis nos figures avec une notation erronée. Par ailleurs une des figures (la 2, présentant schématiquement notre approche analytique) a sauté au cours des mêmes échanges, du fait d’une inattention de notre part. Elle est reproduite ci-dessous. Dans l’article publié dans la version p...

Philosophia Scientiae 23-3, p. 35-66, doi : 10.4000/philosophiascientiae.2048 Dans les échanges de fichiers durant les corrections des épreuves de notre article (« Ce “qu’être postdoc” veut dire»), nous avons transmis nos figures avec une notation erronée. Par ailleurs une des figures (la 2, présentant schématiquement notre approche analytique) a sauté au cours des mêmes échanges, du fait d’une inattention de notre part. Elle est reproduite ci-dessous. Dans l’article publié dans la version p...

La multiplication des contrats à durée déterminée constitue une caractéristique importante des marchés académiques contemporains. Ce phénomène de précarisation, observable dans plusieurs contextes disciplinaires et nationaux, se manifeste notamment par l’augmentation marquée, depuis les années 1990, du nombre d’emplois postdoctoraux, proportionnellement au nombre de postes stabilisés. Parallèlement, les chercheur⋅e⋅s en début de carrière sont largement confronté⋅e⋅s à des discours institutionnels faisant la promotion des mobilités académiques et des collaborations internationales. L’abondance des discours autour de la mobilité des jeunes chercheur⋅e⋅s tend (...) cependant à masquer la pérennité des modèles de carrières nationaux, très variables d’un pays à l’autre du fait de l’histoire particulière des espaces concernés. À partir des données quantitatives et qualitatives sur les expériences de début de carrière académique en Suisse, notre article vise à pointer comment l’impératif de mobilité internationale – particulièrement fort dans le contexte helvétique contemporain – s’hybride avec le modèle de carrière en vigueur depuis le début du xxe siècle. L’analyse croisée des déterminants structurels des débuts de carrières académiques et des récits des « postdocs » permet de comprendre les différentes manières « d’être » postdoctorant⋅e⋅s et les potentielles illusions qui les accompagnent, tout en pointant le caractère socialement situé de ces expériences – notamment en termes de genre. Elle offre également un éclairage plus général sur les tensions qui structurent l’espace académique suisse à l’heure de son internationalisation. (shrink)

El autor se propone, en Sartre-Foucault (una oposición tergiversada) , resolver el enigma planteado por el rechazo foucaultiano de la filosofía contemporánea . Rechazo casi endógeno y no exógeno, rechazo por conocimiento interiorizado y no desconocimiento exterior. Se analizan las dos fuentes de hostilidades flagrantes. 1) El rechazo foucaultiano de los privilegios del Cogito en beneficio de una consideración de la especialización del pensamiento. 2) La evidencia que posee de la normatividad, sin moral teorizada , de esta filosofía contemporánea y (...) particularmente en el caso de Sartre, el más existencialistamente moralista de entre todos los contemporáneos citados por Foucault: Husserl, Merleau-Ponty, Heidegger, Sade, Nietzsche, Artaud, Bataille. «El pensamiento desde su forma más temprana es una acción – un acto peligroso» (Les Mots et les Choses , p. 339). También lo sabían Hegel, Marx, Freud, nos dice. El enigma surge precisamente del poder totalizante de comprensión que manifiesta con relación a este gran cuadro de la filosofía contemporánea. En general una oposición procede, en efecto, de una incomprensión del autor criticado o de una comprensión tergiversada. (shrink)

The thought of Pierre Klossowski, praised by Foucault, Blanchot, Deleuze, has been scarcely addressed by the philosophical community. We argue in this article that this is largely due to the frequent difficulty of understanding his work as a whole: both his artistic and literary production and his interpretations of Nietzsche or Sade form a coherent whole, whose significance has a deeply critical political scope. The notion of unproductive spending, which occupies a central place in Bataille's work, will be (...) rearticulated in Klossowski's reflections through the concepts of drive, phantasm, simulacrum, value and consumption. In The Living Currency, the political dimension of these terms appears clearly: relying on a rereading of Fourier and Sade, the author shows the extreme degree of deformation of what we assume as a reality in modern industrial society. In this sense, his thinking takes on special relevance today, as a revelation of the excess and unhingedness of a society in which production and consumption are reproduced without limit through the infinite reflections produced by the game between drives, ghosts and simulacra. (shrink)

What happens when philosophy and literature meet? This pioneering study of the essays and fiction of Georges Bataille, Pierre Klossowski, and Maurice Blanchot examines the relationship between the literary and the philosophical dimension of their work and throws new light on the radical singularity of their writing.

This article examines how Georges Bataille, one of the celebrated precursors of the postmodern death of a linguistic subject, is also a Nietzschean, pre-Freudian thinker who offers us an account of the birth of an affective subject. If critics still tend to recuperate Bataille within a “metaphysics of the subject,” the present article shows that the central concept of his thought needs to be reconsidered in the light of his debt to Pierre Janet’s “psychology of the socius,” (...) an interpersonal psychology that transgresses precisely this metaphysics. In line with contemporary theoretical developments, Bataille’s account of the birth of the subject out of the laughter of the socius offers us a theoretical model to rethink the foundations of subjectivity in relational, mimetic terms. (shrink)

Reviled and fetishized, the work of Georges Bataille has been most often reduced to his outrageous, erotic, and libertine fiction and essays. But increasingly, readers are finding his insights into politics, economics, sexuality, and performance revealing and timely. Focusing on Bataille’s most extensive work, The Accursed Share, Shannon Winnubst and the contributors to this volume present contemporary interpretations that read Bataille in a new light. These essays situate Bataille in French and European intellectual traditions, bring forward (...) key concepts for understanding the challenges posed by his important work, and draw out his philosophy. Established voices and younger scholars cover a range of topics and themes, including ethics, politics, economy, psychology, and performance so readers can think with and through Bataille. While focusing attention on Bataille and his provocative work, this book offers a sympathetic, yet critical, reappraisal and rehabilitation. Contributors are Alison Leigh Brown, Andrew Cutrofello, Zeynep Direk, Jesse Goldhammer, Dorothy Holland, Pierre Lamarche, Richard A. Lee, Jr., Alphonso Lingis, Ladelle McWhorter, Lucio A. Privitello, Allan Stoekl, Amy Wendling, and Shannon Winnubst. (shrink)

Shocking, brilliant, and eccentric, the French author, translator, and artist Pierre Klossowski (1905-2001) exerted a profound effect on French intellectual culture throughout the twentieth century. The older brother of the painter Balthus, secretary to the novelist Andre Gide, friend to Geroges Bataille and Maurice Blanchot, and heralded as one of the most important voices in the French "return to Nietzsche" by Michel Foucault and Gilles Deleuze, Klossowski pursued his singular vision of mortal embodiment through a variety of scholarly (...) manifestations. In Such a Deathly Desire, Klossowski's original interpretation of Nietzsche's eternal return is developed around the enigmatic figure of the "demon," then deepened with provocative readings of Gide's correspondence; Barbey d'Aurevilly's novel A Married Proest; and the intertwining of language and death in the work of Bataille, Blanchot, and Brice Parain. The book concludes with the powerful essay "Nietzsche, Polytheism, and Parody," in which Klossowski articulates the consequences of the eternal return and the meaning of Nietzsche's genealogy of the fabulation of the world. Intersecting with and confounding a range of disciplines - including psychoanalysis, literary criticism, gender studies, and philosophy - Klossowski's critical writings on language, literature, and the aesthetics of embodiment remain powerful and original contributions to contemporary concerns in the theoretical humanities. (shrink)

Bien des difficultés que nous éprouvons à comprendre les oeuvres philosophiques des Anciens proviennent souvent du fait que nous commmettons en les interprétant un double anachronisme: nous croyons que, comme beaucoup d'oeuvres modernes, elles sont destinées à communiquer des informations concernant un contenu conceptuel donné et que nous pouvons aussi en tirer directement des renseignements clairs sur la pensée et la psychologie de leur auteur. Mais en fait, elles sont très souvent des exercices spirituels que l'auteur pratique lui-même et fait (...) pratiquer à son lecteur. Elles sont destinées à former les âmes. Elles ont une valeur psychagogique. (shrink)

Are there any advantages to thinking and speaking about ethical business in the language of citizenship? We will address this question in part by looking at the possible relevance of a vast literature on individual citizenship that has been produced by political philosophers over the last fifteen years. Some of the central elements of citizenship do not seem to apply straightforwardly to corporations. E.g., “citizenship” typically implies membership in a state and an identity akin to national identity; but this connotation (...) of citizenship is obviously problematic for multinational corporations. However, the language of citizenship does help to focus our attention on various legal and political virtues (or vices) for corporations—topics that have been largely neglected by discussions under other rubrics, such as CSR or sustainability. We finish with an evaluation of the potential benefits and costs of conceptualizing and talking about ethical business practices in the language of citizenship. (shrink)

Are there any advantages to thinking and speaking about ethical business in the language of citizenship? We will address this question in part by looking at the possible relevance of a vast literature on individual citizenship that has been produced by political philosophers over the last fifteen years. Some of the central elements of citizenship do not seem to apply straightforwardly to corporations. E.g., “citizenship” typically implies membership in a state and an identity akin to national identity; but this connotation (...) of citizenship is obviously problematic for multinational corporations. However, the language of citizenship does help to focus our attention on various legal and political virtues (or vices) for corporations—topics that have been largely neglected by discussions under other rubrics, such as CSR or sustainability. We finish with an evaluation of the potential benefits and costs of conceptualizing and talking about ethical business practices in the language of citizenship. (shrink)

In traditional epistemology, psychological self-knowledge is taken to be the paradigm of privleged a priori knowledge. According to an influential incompatibilist line of thought, traditional epistemic features attributed to psychological self-knowledge are supposed to be inconsistent with content externalism. In this paper, I examine one prominent compatibilist response by an advocate of content externalism, i.e., Fred Dretske's answer tot he incompatibilist argument, based on the model of displaced perceptual knowledge. I discuss the costs and benefits of his answer.

I live — if I choose to see things this way- — among a curious race that sees earth, its chance events and the vast interconnectedness of animals, mammals, ...

" Clearly introduced and comprehensively annotated by the editors, this book provides the best single-volume coverage of Bataille's work available.

His is a journey marked by the questioning of experience itself, until what is reached is sovereign laughter, non-knowledge, and a Presence in no way distinct from Absence, where "The mind moves in a strange world where anguish and ecstasy ...

Argues that religion is the search for lost intimacy, discusses its connection to the general economy, and examines the sacrifice of war.

Pierre Bourdieu is arguably one of the twentieth century’s greatest socio-philosophical thinkers and his writings have much to offer anyone interested in the ways that people value, consume and produce architecture. Bourdieu spent much of his life attempting to understand cultural consumption and production through detailed empirical research that included studies of dwellings, art, museums, photography and aesthetics. This book introduces the architectural reader to Bourdieu’s key writings on culture and outlines the ways in which they offer powerful practical (...) tools and novel conceptual frameworks for understanding architectural value, taste, and practice. (shrink)

Le chaos définit notre siècle. Rien d'apocalyptique dans cette affirmation, qui ne condamne pas nécessairement le monde à l'état de cendre et de poussière. Le chaos définit simplement l'imprévisibilité, l'imprédictibilité et l'incertitude de nos sociétés complexes et instables dont l'homme maîtrise de moins en moins l'évolution. Jusqu'à aujourd'hui notre morale reposait essentiellement sur la maîtrise. Il nous faut maintenant apprendre à vivre autrement, c'est-à-dire en fonction de l'immaîtrisable. Ce qui ne signifie pas qu'il faut consentir au chaos comme s'il nous (...) était destiné. Le chaos n'est ni bon ni mauvais, il n'est ni pour l'homme ni contre l'homme: il lui est étranger. Et c'est pourquoi il requiert au fond de nous une force qui, sans prétendre accéder à la maîtrise du monde, nous permette d'assumer et d'affronter son étrangeté. Cette force, je l'appelle "l'Empire de soi". L'Empire de soi se distingue de la maîtrise de soi. Il s'agit non pas pour l'homme de dompter les énergies et les pulsions qui le traversent, mais, au contraire, de faire l'expérience initiale de son impuissance face au chaos du monde, afin de construire, à l'épreuve de sa faiblesse et de ses fragilités originaires, sa force la plus propre. Morale et chaos décrit ainsi les étapes de la constitution de cette force que le sentiment même de notre impuissance permet de constituer, sans fondement, mais par notre seule capacité à endurer le temps et à s'y maintenir pour mieux y passer et le faire passer à travers lui-même. (shrink)

Georges Bataille's work is an essential reference in any discussion of modernity and postmodernity. An important influence on Foucault, Derrida and post-structuralism, Bataille is a thinker of key significance. This volume makes a selection from the entire body of his academic work, showing how his thinking on sacrifice, eroticism, taboo and transgression, and the nature of identity inform his social theory. Bataille - Essential Writings contains much previously untranslated material, including the complete texts of seven essays, and (...) long extracts from many others. It is the most comprehensive selection of Bataille's work to date, edited by an acknowledged authority. Bataille - Essential Writings will be the standard introductory text to this profound and difficult thinker. (shrink)

Martin Heidegger's overt alliance with the Nazis and the specific relation between this alliance and his philosophical thought - the degree to which his concepts are linked to a thoroughly disreputable set of political beliefs - have been the topic of a storm of recent debate. Written ten years before this debate, this study by France's leading sociologist and cultural theorist is both a precursor of that debate and an analysis of the institutional mechanisms involved in the production of philosophical (...) discourse. Though Heidegger is aware of and acknowledges the legitimacy of purely philosophical issues (in his references to canonic authors, traditional problems, and respect for academic taboos), Bourdieu points out that the complexity and abstraction of Heidegger's philosophical discourse stems from its situation in the cultural field, where two social and intellentual dimensions - political thought and academic thought - intersect. Bourdieu concludes by suggesting that Heidegger should not be considered as a Nazi ideologist, that there is no place in Heidegger's philosophical ideas for a racist conception of the human being. Rather, he sees Heidegger's thought as a structural equivalent in the field of philosophy of the 'conservative revolution', of which nazism is but one manifestation. (shrink)

A searing personal record of spiritual and communal crisis, wherein the death of god announces the beginning of friendship.

Synthesizing forty years' work by France's leading sociologist, this book exemplifies Bourdieu's unique ability to link sociological theory, historical information, and philosophical thought. It makes explicit the presuppositions of a state of 'scholasticism', a certain leisure liberated from the urgencies of the world. Philosophers have brought these presuppositions into the order of discourse, more to legitimate than analyze them, and this is the primary systematic, epistemological, ethical, and aesthetic error that Bourdieu subjects to methodological critique. Pascalian because he, too, was (...) concerned with symbolic power, he refused the temptation of foundationalist thinking, attended to 'ordinary people', and was determined to seek the reason for seemingly illogical behavior rather than simply condemning it. Bourdieu charts a negative philosophy, whose intellectual debt to such other 'heretical' philosophers as Wittgenstein, Austin, Dewey, and Peirce, renews traditional questioning of concepts of violence, power, time, history, the universal, and the purpose and direction of existence. (shrink)

In this text, Bataille clarifies his idea of the ‘excluded part’, i.e. that which is left behind by science. Bataille seeks to create an approach that would challenge the abstracted method of science, which presents the world as idealized and homogeneous. The aim of Bataille’s ‘science of the heterogeneous’ is to shed light on the unproductive expenditure of life, which moves between the sacred and the unclean. In pursuing this, he debunks the common idea that what is (...) profane is already impure and vice versa. This text is notable for the new vocabulary that Bataille introduces in order to define heterology. Terms like heterodoxy, agiology and scatology rehabilitate the ideas of the unclean and the profane by structuring them in a new discourse, in which the excluded part is taken as the foundation for the new science of the impossible. Finally, the text shows how Bataille articulates this new science through providing examples largely from the study of religion and psychoanalysis. (shrink)

Together, these texts also comprise perhaps the most incisive study yet made of surrealism, insisting on its importance as a cultural and social phenomenon with ...

The authors develop an analysis of education. They show how education carries an essentially arbitrary cultural scheme which is actually based on power. More widely, the reproduction of culture through education is shown to play a key part in the reproduction of the whole social system.

Cambrai, Bibl. munic. 940, ff. 1-59 [integralement reproduit]--Bibl. Vatic. Reg. Lat. 689 A, ff. 334-353.--Bibl. Vatic. Reg. Lat. 1653, ff, 1v-2v (feuilles de garde), ff. 3r, 29r-35r.--Pièces justificatives.