We draw from upper echelons theory to investigate whether the presence of a chief sustainability officer (CSO) is associated with better corporate environmental performance in highly polluting industries. Such firms are under strong pressure to remediate environmental damage, to comply with regulations, and to even exceed environmental standards. CSOs in these firms are likely to be hired as legitimate agents to lead and successfully implement environmental strategy aimed at reducing pollution levels. Interestingly and contrary to our expectations, we found that (...) the presence of a CSO is associated with higher levels of pollution emissions. Nonetheless, we found that the CSO has a positive influence on a firm’s environmental performance if faced with strict environmental regulations. We argue that the enforcement of environmental regulations enhances monitoring and accountability of pollution emissions. The sample for this study comprised all the S&P 500 firms required by the Environmental Protection Agency to annually report their toxic emissions to the Toxic Release Inventory. Data were collected for a 6-year period from 2006 to 2011. We used a panel data regression and employed propensity score matching to correct for potential endogeneity problems. (shrink)

This article discusses what could be called “the adventure of translating” Sein und Zeit in Spanish. It argues that every translation is an adventure, and particularly the translation of a philosophical text. A translation does not literally reproduce into another language what an author or philosopher affirms. The question is instead to express it in the most accurate form with the resources of the translator’s language, in such a way that the text may sound as if it was written in (...) the language to which it is to be translated. This article refers to the very long route that the author had to go over in order to make Sein und Zeit “speak” a good and clear Spanish. (shrink)

En el presente artículo, se sostiene que el actual escenario internacional se ha caracterizado por una profunda interrelación, y la integración emerge como una estrategia de inserción global de relevancia, especialmente para países como Chile. Esta integración no es sólo económica sino que también incluye el movimiento de personas. No obstante, la integración y la movilidad de personas se ven afectadas por los prejuicios y las desconfianzas, lo que se ha reflejado en el fenómeno migratorio peruano en Chile. Desde esta (...) perspectiva, la construcción de un marco institucional para alcanzar mayores grados de integración de los inmigrantes peruanos en Chile, no sólo requiere avances en el ámbito económico-laboral, sino que también en el área educacional-cultural, promoviendo una educación basada en la interculturalidad, capaz de marcar el camino hacia una mayor tolerancia e integración entre ambas sociedades, y así superar quiebres históricos, como lo fue la Guerra del Pacifico. (shrink)

A partir de la modernidad el hombre busca la seguridad en la vida, y la forma filosófica de ello es la posesión de la verdad a través de la razón. Y esta búsqueda de seguridad a través de la razón se acompaña de una voluntad de dominio y poder sobre las cosas, con la razón las desciframos para luego dominarlas. Pero antes de que lo podamos hacer, las cosas se nos dan, nos deben ser dadas. Es el “estar-en-el-mundo” de Heidegger. (...) Hay algo antes de la razón misma, hay el existir mismo. Y una inteligencia que es momento de dicho existir. Inteligencia que es al mismo tiempo inteligir y hacer. En el hacer se la juega la existencia, Y esto es una praxis. La praxis se da en un ethos, a través de lo cual toda acción es finalmente ética. Y, al abrirse esta dimensión, nos encontramos con la realidad de Dios como articulador final y como culmen del proceso que partió de la búsqueda de seguridad y finalizó en el descubrimiento de Dios como lo único seguro, como la única certeza. (shrink)

Este texto se recomprende la noción escolástica de verdad como adecuatio intellectus et rei a la luz de la la interpretación heideggeriana como ¿develación¿. Para ello se siguen tres momentos al hilo de tres preguntas: ¿en qué consiste esta adecuación?, ¿en qué sentido el intelecto y la cosa pensda se parecen? y ¿cuál es la esencia de la verdad?

La exploración sobre la naturaleza, el significado y la estructura del concepto de crisis, y la definición misma de una crisis social convocan, primero, al uso, por lo general, ambiguo del término y, segundo, a las condiciones que manifiesta el mundo contemporáneo. Así, en este libro se procura analizar el, popularmente empleado pero poco esclarecido, concepto de crisis, sobre todo, en dos autores de la segunda generación de la teoría crítica, Habermas y Offe. La intención fundamental del texto es crear, (...) a partir de estos autores, un enfoque para estudiar las dinámicas patológicas de las sociedades contemporáneas. (shrink)

El trabajo analiza el tema de los derechos humanos bajo la perspectiva de la política multilateral. En esta línea, se concentra en las innovaciones que ha implicado el establecimiento del Consejo de Derechos Humanos, en lugar de la antigua Comisión de Derechos Humanos. Para tal efecto, se pone un énfasis especial en el estudio de las discusiones políticas que se dieron en el seno de la Comunidad Internacional, durante el proceso de constitución del nuevo Consejo, así como en los nuevos (...) mecanismos de revisión que éste contempla. (shrink)

Our goals in this article are to summarize the existing literature on the role business can play in creating sustainable peace and to discuss important avenues for extending this research. As part of our discussion, we review the ethical arguments and related research made to date, including the rationale and motivation for businesses to engage in conflict resolution and peace building, and discuss how scholars are extending research in this area. We also focus on specific ways companies can actively engage (...) in conflict reduction including promoting economic development, the rule of law, and principles of external valuation, contributing to a sense of community, and engaging in track-two diplomacy and conflict sensitive practices. We conclude by developing a set of future research questions and considerations. (shrink)

En el contexto del sistema presidencial chileno, el artículo analiza el rol del Congreso en la elaboración de la política exterior, desde la perspectiva del enfoque transaccional desarrollado por Pablo Spiller y Mariano Tommasi (2000). De este modo, se plantea que el trabajo del Congreso en general, y de las comisiones de Relaciones Exteriores del Senado y de la Cámara de Diputados en particular, se caracteriza por la permanencia y continuidad de los miembros y, en consecuencia, por un trabajo especializado (...) y de alta calidad profesional, lo que favorece la cooperación entre los actores y los intercambios intertemporales entre éstos. (shrink)

Durante las últimas décadas, el análisis de los procesos de integración regional ha sido materia de especial interés para numerosos estudiosos de las relaciones internacionales. Entre las distintas visiones que se han enfocado en esta esfera, especialmente destacables resultan el funcionalismo, desde cuya perspectiva los estudios de David Mitrany resultan especialmente importantes; el neofuncionalismo de Ernst Haas y Philippe Schmiter; y el análisis de Karl Deutsch, desde el punto de vista d..

Es difícil reseñar una obra de tan larga extensión. Se corre el riesgo de dejar cuestiones fundamentales fuera de este breve comentario. El extenso volumen en comento comprende una selección de distintos textos de la Comisión Económica Para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL), publicados entre 1998 y 2008. El libro fue realizado en el marco de la conmemoración de los sesenta años de la institución, el año 2008, complementando otra extensa compilación publicada en 1998, con motivo de los cincue..

The decision to internalize corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities, to outsource them in the form of corporate philanthropy, or to collaborate with otherorganizations is of great significance to the ability of the firm to reap benefits from such activity. Using insights provided by the new institutional economics and the resourcebased view of the firm, this paper describes how the variables of centrality and specificity affect CSR governance choice. This framework is tested using data collected from Central America and Mexico. Support (...) is found for the relevance of centrality, but not for specificity. The paper discusses directions for future research and concludes with the managerial implications of this research. (shrink)

pThrough the form of a letter, I engage my mentor, Jorge J. E. Gracia, in his own biographical articulation of life. While the letter was not included in the volume for which it was originally written, it was read to Gracia before he passed, and I could not be more honored. In the end, that is all that really matters. In the words that follow I take a moment to reflect on Jorge’s life and work as I process (...) his passing./p. (shrink)

Pourquoi s'interroger sur la possibilité de l'existence d'une philosophie au Chili? Voici la question traitée ici, en prenant comme axe le travail intellectuel du philosophe chilien Jorge Eduardo Rivera, décédé en janvier 2017, après l'écriture de cet ouvrage. Jorge Eduardo Rivera représente parfaitement le travail philosophique et universitaire. Celui qui se réalise dans le plus grand silence, hors de toute stridence ou de toute mode. Etranger au raffut des bavardages qui nous inonde. Une méditation sobre, loin (...) de toute bouffonnerie. Peut-être est-ce cela qui amena Rivera à décrire simplement et profondément des zones inconnues, éclairées par une parole qui, sans être poétique, nous renvoie à l'être en tant que tel et sous toutes ses formes. Ce livre présente l'exercice philosophique de Jorge Eduardo Rivera sous un horizon de réflexion à la fois propre et inspiré de la tradition européenne. Il expose sa biographie et son histoire intellectuelle, les différents espaces dans lesquels sa pensée s'est formée, depuis son noviciat et son scolasticat chez les Pères Français, jusqu'à ses études philosophiques et théologiques en Allemagne et ses rencontres avec Heidegger, Gadamer, Fink, Welte, Von Herrmann et Xavier Zubiri. (shrink)

Este artículo examina la fenomenología que desarrolló el filósofo chileno Jorge Eduardo Rivera (1927-2017). Primeramente, se destacan algunas características generales de la filosofía de Rivera. Luego, se enjuicia la propuesta heideggeriana de un giro hermenéutico de la fenomenología husserliana que formula Rivera, fijándose especialmente en la interpretación ofrecida de Husserl y en otras posibilidades que ofrece la misma fenomenología. En tercer término, se muestra la concepción universitaria de la filosofía de Rivera, y su identificación de (...) los peligros que acechan a las universidades, sugiriéndose luego otras formas de amenazas universitarias actuales y otras alternativas fenomenológicas para concebir a la universidad contemporáneamente. (shrink)

Aus dem Inhalt: Die Wissenschaftslehre als System der unvollendeten Vollendung (Sven Juergensen). - Fichtes Wechselwirkung und der implizite Hoerer der Wissenschaftslehre nova methodo (Guenther Zoeller). - Die Begrenzung: vom Anstoss zur Aufforderung (Jacinto Rivera de Rosales). - Die Idee des Leibes im Jenaer System (Virginia Lopez-Dominguez). - Fichtes politische und Rechtsphilosophie in der Deutung Richard Schottkys (Carla de Pascale). - Gibt es bei Fichte eine transzendentale Anthropologie? (Jose L. Villacanas).

In this article, the author compares two Spanish translations of Virginia Woolf’s A Room of One’s Own. Taking into account that Spanish is a language in which words referring to human beings have a feminine and a masculine form, and grammatical gender corresponds to sex, all translators must interrogate the sex of the referent in order to translate gendered words. They are thus compelled to assign sex to genderless forms in the source text. Patriarchal translation has a long tradition of (...) devaluing and excluding the feminine in this process, as the author demonstrates here by revealing how Jorge Luis Borges translated the pronouns you and we in Woolf’s essay. In contrast, in her feminist translation of the essay, María Milagros Rivera-Garretas not only chooses the gender which most accurately represents the likely intended meaning of the source text, but recovers its message and legacy. (shrink)

El artículo busca mostrar que existe un grupo de filósofos y una filósofa en Chile que recepcionaron, tradujeron y explicaron la fenomenología de una manera más bien histórico-filológica que sistemático-problemática. Esta situación se explica, por varias razones, porque efectivamente estaban accediendo a un pensar que no tenía una larga tradición; que esas reflexiones fueron planteadas en textos originalmente en idioma alemán, lo que exigía múltiples esfuerzos de traducción; pero que también se debe a un modo de hacer filosofía en Chile, (...) más bien centrado en un canon filosófico, que en el desarrollo del pensamiento propio y original. (shrink)

This is the first book-length study of Descartes's metaphysics to place it in its immediate historical context, the Late Scholastic philosophy of thinkers such as Suárez against which Descartes reacted. Jorge Secada views Cartesian philosophy as an 'essentialist' reply to the 'existentialism' of the School, and his discussion includes careful analyses and original interpretations of such central Cartesian themes as the role of scepticism, intentionality and the doctrine of the material falsity of ideas, universals and the relation between sense (...) and understanding, causation and the proofs of the existence of God, the theory of substance, and the dualism of mind and matter. His study offers a picture of Descartes's metaphysics that is both novel and philosophically illuminating. (shrink)

El artículo, de intención didáctica, intenta ser una presentación alternativa a la concepción del método en Hegel. Parte de la premisa de que ésta es tomada como una estrategia para reconciliar la modernidad ilustrada, particular-mente tras el evento de la Revolución Francesa de 1789, tanto con el proyecto fundacional epistémico de la modernidad temprana como con su pasado antagónico: La concepción de la racionalidad retórica y hermenéutica, tal y como ésta procede de Platón y Aristóteles. El método de Hegel se (...) inscribiría en un afán por fusionar los aspectos omnipotentes de las narrativas ilustradas con los métodos premodernos de vinculación finita y fragmentaria con el sentido de la realidad. El texto sugiere la caducidad del proyecto, ante la ostensible inviabilidad contemporánea ante el optimismo ilustrado que lo inspira. (shrink)

Metacognition is the capacity to evaluate the success of one's own cognitive processes in various domains; for example, memory and perception. It remains controversial whether metacognition relies on a domain-general resource that is applied to different tasks or if self-evaluative processes are domain specific. Here, we investigated this issue directly by examining the neural substrates engaged when metacognitive judgments were made by human participants of both sexes during perceptual and memory tasks matched for stimulus and performance characteristics. By comparing patterns (...) of fMRI activity while subjects evaluated their performance, we revealed both domain-specific and domain-general metacognitive representations. Multivoxel activity patterns in anterior prefrontal cortex predicted levels of confidence in a domain-specific fashion, whereas domain-general signals predicting confidence and accuracy were found in a widespread network in the frontal and posterior midline. The demonstration of domain-specific metacognitive representations suggests the presence of a content-rich mechanism available to introspection and cognitive control. (shrink)

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar o conceito de vivência (Erlebnis) na filosofia de Nietzsche, desde o seu primeiro emprego em língua alemã, seu significado e a recepção que Nietzsche faz da palavra no interior da sua filosofia. O conceito de Erlebnis, particularmente caro à filosofia de Nietzsche, mas também à fenomenologia, possui originariamente uma tríplice significação: a) a imediatez (Unmittelbarkeit) entre homem e mundo; b) a significabilidade (Bedeutsamkeit) para o caráter global da existência; e c) a incomensurabilidade (Inkommensurabilität) do (...) conteúdo da própria vivência, conferindo a ela também uma dimensão estética. A tríplice significação de Erlebnis implica na sua estreita associação a pathos. This paper aims to analyze the concept of experience (Erlebnis) in the Nietzsche's philosophy, since its first use into the German language, its meaning and reception of Nietzsche inside his philosophy. The concept of Erlebnis, especially dear to the philosophy of Nietzsche, but also to phenomenology, originally has a triple meaning: a) the immediacy (Unmittelbarkeit) between man and world, b) meaningfulness (Bedeutsamkeit) to the global nature of existence and c) incommensurability (Inkommensurabilität) of the experience's content itself, giving it also an aesthetic dimension. The threefold meaning of Erlebnis implies its close association with pathos. (shrink)

Informed by Gloria Anzaldúa's and José Carlos Mariátegui's work, as well as by Andean cosmology, Omar Rivera turns to Inka stonework and architecture as an example of a "Cosmological Aesthetics." He articulates ways of sensing, feeling and remembering that are attuned to an aesthetic of water, earth and light. On this basis, Rivera brings forth a corporeal orientation that can be inhabited by the oppressed, one that withdraws from predominant modern/Western conceptions of the human. By providing an aesthetic (...) analysis of cosmological sensing, Rivera sets the stage for exploring physical dimensions of anti-colonial resistance, and furthers the Latinx and Latin American tradition of anti-colonial and liberatory philosophy. Seeingaesthetic involvements with the cosmos as a source for embodied modes of resistance, Rivera turns to the work of María Lugones and Enrique Dussel in order to make explicit the aesthetic dimensions of their work. Andean Aesthetics and Anticolonial Resistance creates a new dialogue between art historians, artists, and philosophers working on Latin American thought, phenomenology, and hermeneutics. It weaves together a Latin American philosophy that connects pre-Columbian cosmologies with contemporary thinkers. Rivera's original approach introduces us to the living, evolving and aesthetic alternatives to coloniality of power and of knowledge, overhauling current understandings of decolonial theory and opening the tradition in transformative ways. (shrink)

Hegel. La Odisea del Espíritu reúne la totalidad de las conferencias pronunciadas en el congreso homónimo que, coordinado por Félix Duque, se celebró en el Círculo de Bellas Artes y la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid entre el 28 de mayo y el 1 de junio de 2007 con motivo del segundo centenario de la publicación de "La Fenomenología del Espíritu". El congreso reunió a los mayores especialistas en la obra del pensador alemán y el resultado es una aportación de primer (...) orden a los estudios hegelianos, un libro de referencia imprescindible para quien quiera adentrarse en el magma de ideas y sugerencias de su libro capital. Incluye ensayos de Félix Duque, Volker Rühle, Walter Jaeschke, Jorge Pérez de Tudela, José María Ripalda, Eduardo Álvarez, Dietrich Von Engelhardt, Antonio Gómez Ramos, Klaus Vieweg, Ángel Gabilondo, Jacinto Rivera de Rosales, Paolo D'Angelo, Christoph Jamme, Vincenzo Vitiello y Klaus Düsing. Como el lector, hoy, podrá apreciar, los ensayos están hogaño ordenados como antaño se sucedieron las sesiones del Congreso, es decir: cada articulista interpreta y escribe para su coleto y el de sus lectores un capítulo o tema de la obra. Y así se va siguiendo con regular obediencia la sobresaltada vía de las experiencias de la conciencia, o sea: tal como la obra fue concebida entre -Hegel dixit- dolores del parto de un mundo nuevo que, de no haberse malogrado tan pronto, habría hecho de aquélla, efectivamente, palabra de ayer. Del "Preámbulo" de Félix Duque. (shrink)

The need for ecological sustainability has been translated into different indicators such as the ‘ecological footprint’ and the ‘planetary boundaries’. Analysis of both concepts concludes that the planet is currently undergoing a period of ecological unsustainability. For this reason, ecologists argue that various limits are required in order to move to a path of sustainability. The implementation of such limits has mostly been analysed from the perspectives of environmental rights and environmental justice, however research in terms of freedom is (surprisingly) (...) still lacking. In what way do such limits have an impact on freedom? I will argue that there are two different ways to analyse the relation between freedom and ecological limits: on the one hand, freedom is often referred to as being in competition with ecological sustainability and the limits it is required to impose, and, on the other hand, the impact on an individual’s freedom due to ecological catastrophe if strict limits are not implemented. Accepting that freedom is an important topic regarding ecological challenges, I ask which conception of freedom is better suited to answer this challenge as well as the required implementation of ecological limits. I compare and confront the closely linked conceptions of freedom as non-frustration and the closely linked conception of non-limitation, as well as non-interference and the conception of freedom as non-domination. After presenting these conceptions I examine their relationship with ecological limits. The conclusion is that the conception of freedom as non-domination is better placed to justify ecological limits necessary to promote an ecologically sustainable future. (shrink)

I argue for the view that the scientific model which Plato consistently had in mind when sharpening his main ethical theory was medicine. Moreover, I ascribe to Plato a “medical model of ethics”. A careful examination of this model reveals how Plato appropriates several medical concepts and ideas by employing two central methodological devices in his thought: dialectical transposition and analogical characterisation. In discussing them, I identify different kinds of medical references in the dialogues –not all medical references in Plato (...) have the same methodological status– and draw greater attention to the most recurrent medical analogies in them. More generally, the paper is also meant to provide a case study of the complex relationship between medicine and philosophy in Antiquity by examining in a new light the various ways in which the former served as an epistemological and ethical model for the latter. (shrink)

This paper provides a new interpretation of Plato’s account of justice as psychic health in Republic IV. It argues that what has traditionally been considered to be one single analogy is actually a more complex line of reasoning that contains various medical analogies. These medical analogies are not only different in number but also in kind. I discuss each of them separately, while providing a response to various objections.

In this article I explore a kind of tragic choice that has not received due attention, one in which you have to save only one of two persons but the probability of saving is not equal (and all other things are equal). Different proposals are assessed, taking as models proposals for a much more discussed tragic choice situation: saving different numbers of persons. I hold that cases in which (only) numbers are different are structurally similar to cases in which (only) (...) probabilities are different. After a brief defense of this claim, I conclude that some version of consequentialism seems more promising for offering a plausible solution to the probability case. (shrink)

The article aims to point out some of the interpretive horizons of Twilight of the Idols, especially the status in relation to philological literary project regarding Will to Power and the philosophical status within the texts of 1888. Among others, the central hypothesis that will guide our interpretation is the 'heuristic of necessity': the question about desires and needs that cause or force an artistic, politic, etc. production and, moreover, a hypothesis that is found through the book. Finally, it is (...) also to point out that how Nietzsche operates with a semantic distance in relation to concepts that were previously elaborated by him, for example, the concept of ‘genius'. These assumptions help to fill a gap into the research-Nietzsche, regarding a text that didn’t receive its real significance in Brazil. (shrink)