Definition of the problem Using the example of the emergence of antibiotic resistance, we show in the first part of our article that there are specific sustainability problems in medicine, which can ultimately lead to an impairment of the ability of future patients to satisfy their basic health needs and realize a flourishing life. Methods After clarification of the concept of sustainability in the second part, we explain why the possibility of satisfying basic health needs, for example, is considered a (...) condition for a good life within the framework of a capability approach. The concept of sustainability, as promoted by the United Nations, requires one to adequately consider the demands for a good life of future patients. Conclusion In the last part of the paper, we show that the orientation towards an idea of sustainability can lead to “sustainability dilemma” and we discuss how this can be dealt with. (shrink)

Meet the Metaorganism is a web‐based learning app that combines three fundamental biological concepts (coevolution, community dynamics, and immune system) with latest scientific findings using the metaorganism as a central case study. In a transdisciplinary team of scientists, information designers, programmers, science communicators, and educators, we conceptualized and developed the app according to the latest didactic and scientific findings and aimed at setting new standards in visual design, digital knowledge transfer, and online education. A content management system allows continuous integration (...) of new findings, which enables us to expand the app with the dynamics of the research field. Students can thus gain a close insight and connection to current research, and at the same time learn that knowledge is not static but grows dynamically. Especially in the realm of the easily accessible metaorganism research, visualization plays an essential role to keep complex processes understandable and memorable. Meet the Metaorganism is freely available online and can be accessed here: www.metaorganism.app. (shrink)

In the present context of intertwined and intensifying economic, environmental and climate challenges and crisis, we need to enlarge our thinking about food systems change. One way to do so is by considering intersections between our longstanding interdisciplinary interest in food and agriculture and new scholarship and practice centered on transitions to sustainability. The general idea of transition references change in a wide range of fields and contexts, and has gained prominence most recently as a way to discuss and address (...) sustainability challenges. To explore connections to food systems change, I highlight two broad approaches in the sustainability transitions research field. First is a multi-level perspective that examines sustainability innovation pathways and second is a social practices approach that illuminates the possibilities for shifts in normal everyday routines and practices. Taken together, these approaches offer different and useful ways to think about the dynamics, durability and significance of innovations in food and agriculture, and the part they play in transitions to sustainability. Numerous opportunities exist to forge more productive links between work on food systems change and the broad and growing sustainability transitions field. First, our research and practice insights about the importance of politics, governance, values and ethics in food and agriculture could help to strengthen the sustainability transitions field, which initially underplayed such questions. Second, the sustainability transitions field’s implicit systems sensibility and its futures orientation could help to widen the scope of inquiry and the contribution to policy and planning of research and practice on food systems change. (shrink)

In the early 2000s, the development of local food systems in advanced industrial countries has expanded beyond creation and support of farmers’ markets and community supported agriculture farms and projects to include targeted Buy Local Food campaigns. Non-governmental groups in many U.S. places and regions have launched such campaigns with the intent of motivating and directing consumers toward more local food purchasing in general. This article examines the current manifestations and possibilities for social justice concerns in Buy Local Food campaigns, (...) by considering them within the more general category of “selective patronage“ campaigns. Historical campaign examples, such as Buy Union, Buy American, and Buy Black campaigns, offer instructive comparisons to contemporary consumer campaigns promoting local food. Through examining the construction of threats, intended beneficiaries, products to be avoided, and those to be preferentially selected, the paper demonstrates how selective patronage campaigns have emphasized social justice needs and concerns for designated groups in ways that have been potentially exclusionary of other disadvantaged groups and thus undermining of social justice more broadly. As a contemporary instance of “selective patronage,“ Buy Local Food campaigns exhibit similar contradictory impulses, which are intensified by the conceptual and practical pitfalls in designating “local.“ The article concludes by considering how the challenges and prospects for commitments to social justice in local food consumer campaigns reinforce the importance of emerging initiatives centered on domestic fair trade. (shrink)

Im Zeichen neuer geschichts- und erzähltheoretischer Überlegungen gewinnt die mit Winckelmann beginnende Ästhetisierung der Geschichte eine Bedeutung, die seiner Wirkungsgeschichte erst abgerungen werden muß; denn sein erweiterter, für Herder und die romantische Literaturtheorie noch vorbildicher Geschichtsbegriff konnte sich gegen den Objektivitätsanspruch der historisch-kritischen Altertums- und Geschichtswissenschaft auch deshalb nicht behaupten, weil Winckelmanns Begründung der Kunstgeschichte in der Fiktionalisierung seiner Biographie verlorenging.

Name der Zeitschrift: Der Islam Jahrgang: 92 Heft: 2 Seiten: 530-533.

1. Badly understood words are the main hindrance to the discovery of truth. But they need not be, especially in physical science, where the senses, experience, and geometrical reasoning prevail. Reflection on motion led ancient philosophers into opinions about it so absurd that they are almost forgotten and merit no attention. But even the better presentday scientists, in their treatment of motion, employ language too abstract and of doubtful reference--for example, the attraction of gravity, effort, latent forces, and the like--which (...) make otherwise learned writings unintelligible. Hence this essay. (shrink)

US livestock agriculture hasdeveloped and intensified according to a strictproductionist model that emphasizes industrialefficiency. Sustainability problems associatedwith this model have become increasinglyevident and more contested. Traditionalapproaches to promoting sustainable agriculturehave emphasized education and outreach toencourage on-farm adoption of alternativeproduction systems. Such efforts build on anunderlying assumption that farmers areempowered to make decisions regarding theorganization and management of theiroperations. However, as vertical coordinationin agriculture continues, especially in theanimal agriculture sectors, this assumptionbecomes less valid. This paper examines how thechanging industrial structure in (...) four USlivestock sectors (poultry, hogs, beef, anddairy) affects possibilities in each forpromoting more sustainable productionpractices. Comparisons between the sectors arebased on the relative ability to employ anintensive pasture or alternative (deep-bedded)housing system, which are widely seen assustainable livestock alternatives. While thehighly integrated poultry sector appearsimpregnable to traditional sustainableagriculture approaches, the cow-calf sub-sectorof the beef industry, non-feedlot dairyoperations, and small parts of the hogindustry, especially in the Midwest, stillretain some potential for effectively targetingthe farmer. Building on the presentation ofbarriers and opportunities in the fourlivestock sectors, the paper concludes byevaluating several structurally-orientedapproaches to promoting a more sustainablelivestock agriculture that should complementmore traditional approaches. They includedeveloping alternative coordinated networks inlivestock agriculture, pressing integrators topermit more sustainable production practices,and working for legislation that shifts moredecision-making within integrated systemstowards growers. (shrink)

Despite its vigor, agrifood studies research faces two fault lines: the durability of disciplines, and challenges in engaging non-academic stakeholders. In this essay, I use the concept of boundary work from social studies of science and technology to reflect on the challenges and opportunities for more engaged interdisciplinary research in agrifood studies. I draw on recent field visits to several “sustainable food chain” research projects funded through the Rural Economy and Land Use Programme (RELU), an innovative interdisciplinary research initiative of (...) the UK Research Councils, to highlight the contradictory nature of boundary work in interdisciplinary research. Involving efforts both to bridge interfaces and to separate, exclude and manage other disciplines or stakeholders, boundary work is inherent to interdisciplinarity. Innovations in the organizational culture of projects and in the larger structural context for research can multiply the more generative potential of boundary work, and also yield more and better interdisciplinary research in agrifood studies. (shrink)

Philosophie ist der Versuch, durch überzeugendes und durchsichtiges Argumentieren bestimmte Fragen zu lösen. Philosophische Grundthemen sind Fragen nach dem Verständnis der Welt im Ganzen und unserer Stellung in ihr. Diese Fragen können prinzipiell nur kontrovers beantwortet werden. Die Reihe Grundthemen Philosophie möchte der Diskussion solcher philosophischen Grundthemen einen Ort geben. Anstelle einer umfassenden einführenden Darstellung werden in den einzelnen Bänden in Auseinandersetzung mit ausgewählten historischen Positionen die jeweiligen Probleme analysiert und Lösungsmöglichkeiten diskutiert. Dabei setzt der Verfasser/die Verfasserin eigene Akzente und (...) bezieht Stellung, so dass sich nicht bloß ein Blick auf die Geschichte der Philosophie, sondern zugleich auch ein systematischer Beitrag zur Problemdiskussion ergibt. Zur Zeit sind weitere Bände zu den Themen Beziehungen, Kultur, Wissenschaft und Moralbegründung geplant. Die Bände der Reihe richten sich gleichermaßen an Studierende der Philosophie und anderer Fächer sowie an professionelle Philosophen. Außerdem wendet sich die Reihe an alle, die an Grundthemen der Philosophie interessiert sind. (shrink)

German description: Johann Hinrich Claussen beschaftigt sich mit der uralten und dennoch aktuellen Frage nach dem Gluck: Was konnte das Gluck sein, und inwiefern stellt die Jagd nach dem Gluck ein sinnvolles Lebensziel dar?

Die philosophie und das Christentum.--Griechischer und christlicher logos.--Die totalität und der geist des idealismus.--Kant und die kritik.--Spruch und widerspruch.--Die kritik des systems und der wissenschaft.--Von der kritik zur reflexion.--Von der reflexion zur antwort.

Die sechzehn Beitrage stellen in vielen Schwerpunkten die rasante Entwicklung dar, die die Eurolinguistik seit der ersten Tagung 1997 genommen hat. Den Hintergrund bilden der Europa-Begriff und die Vorgeschichte der Eurolinguistik im 20.

Die Internationale Konferenz vom Oktober 2007 in Leipzig hat die erste Phase der neuen linguistischen Disziplin der Eurolinguistik von 1991-2007 resumiert. Die sechzehn Beitrage stellen in vielen Schwerpunkten die rasante Entwicklung dar, die die Eurolinguistik seit der ersten Tagung 1997 genommen hat. Den Hintergrund bilden der Europa-Begriff und die Vorgeschichte der Eurolinguistik im 20. Jahrhundert, die wissenschaftlichen Quellen, ihre spezielle Geschichte seit den 90er Jahren und die moderne Ausfacherung in verschiedene Zweige. Einen Schwerpunkt bildet naturgemass die Arealtypologie, mit Akzenten auf (...) der dynamischen Sprachtypologie, der Rolle von Nichtstandard-Varietaten, der speziellen Typologie, auf dem Balkansprachbund oder dem Inselkeltisch. In einem weiteren Schwerpunkt werden die Unterschiede zwischen Ost- und Westeuropa hinsichtlich der sozialhistorischen, konfessionellen und textuellen Funktionen ihrer Sprachen beschrieben. Spezielle Akzente setzen weitere Beitrage zu den Themen Subdisziplin der?Euromorphologie' anhand des romanischen Morphems -icus und an deutsch-bulgarischen Aquivalenzen werden die Leistungen eines kommunikativen Prinzips (?Mitteilungspotenzial') fur die Eurolinguistik beleuchtet. Des Weiteren werden Sprachkontakte des Russischen in Sibirien analysiert, anhand von Minderheiten in Sudosteuropa Perspektiven auf Sprachidentitaten und Weltbilder in eurolinguistischem Kontext erlautert. Eher mit zukunftigen Aspekten der Eurolinguistik befassen einige Beitrage, die mogliche soziookonomischen und sprachokologischen Funktionen der Disziplin beleuchten, die Frage nach einem Eurotyp der Sprachwissenschaft thematisieren und die aktuellen Plane einer europaweiten Institutionalisierung der Eurolinguistik vorstellen. (shrink)

Der Risikobegriff ist in modernen Gesellschaften allgegenwärtig. Risiken bzw. risikobehaftete Handlungen sind ganz selbstverständlich Bestandteil der alltäglichen Praxis. Ein Blick in die Begriffsgeschichte verdeutlicht, dass dies nicht immer der Fall war, sondern dass ›Risiko‹ bzw.