Based on a framework that integrates job demands-resources theory, social cognitive theory Handbook of personality, Guilford Press, New York, pp 154–196, 1999) and regulatory focus theory, the purpose of this research is to investigate the relationship between perceptions of organizational politics and subsequent moral disengagement and unethical behavior. We conducted a laboratory study and also collected data in two separate surveys 6 weeks apart from 206 individuals working full time to investigate the relationships presented in our model. In both studies, (...) we examined the direct relationship of politics perceptions on unethical behavior in organizations as well as the indirect relationship through the influence of moral disengagement. We investigated the moderating effect of regulatory focus on the relationship between moral disengagement and unethical behavior using the survey data. Results indicated that perceptions of politics were significantly related to our mediator, moral disengagement, which was significantly related to our dependent variable, unethical behavior. However, only prevention-focus moderated the relationships examined. Implications for future research and managerial practice are discussed. (shrink)

Amidst the recent threat of COVID-19, home gardens have surged in popularity as seed companies and nurseries find it challenging to keep their supplies fully stocked. The victory garden movement that emerged during WWII has today re-emerged as COVID victory gardens. Yet, the global changes and cognitive shifts associated with COVID-19 have differential impacts. The narrative of COVID victory gardens depoliticizes urban agriculture. It is blind to its long history in marginalized, oppressed, and displaced communities where home gardens have always (...) been part of a struggle for identity, autonomy, and self- and communal-determination. I argue the blindness embedded in the narrative of COVID victory gardens violates our “food-related obligations,” which are our responsibilities to ourselves, our food, and each other. Silencing how communities of color have historically grown food in pursuit of dignity disregards how home gardens in communities of color are not merely a reactionary response to crisis but part of a historical legacy whereby people of color have grown food for generations to create and recreate sustainable ways of living that validate their cultures, knowledges, and ways of being. (shrink)

In daily academic life, students are exposed to a wide range of potentially stressful situations which could negatively affect their academic achievement and their health. Among the factors that could be weakened by academic stress, attention has been paid to expectations of self-efficacy, which are considered one of the most important determinants for student engagement, persistence, and academic success. From a proactive perspective, research on academic stress has emphasized the importance of coping strategies in preventing harmful consequences. In recent years, (...) there has been a growing interest in discovering the extent to which individuals are able to combine different coping strategies and the adaptive consequences this flexibility entails. However, studies using this person-centered approach are still scarce in the academic context. On that basis, this current study had two objectives: (a) to examine the existence of different profiles of university students based on how they combined different approach coping strategies (positive reappraisal, support seeking, and planning); and (b) to determine the existence of differences in general expectations of self-efficacy between those coping profiles. 1072 university students participated in the study. The coping profiles were determined by Latent Profile Analysis (LPA). The differences in the self-efficacy variable were determined using ANCOVA, with gender, university year, and degree type as covariates. Four approach coping profiles were identified: (a) low generalized use of approach coping strategies; (b) predominance of social approach coping approaches; (c) predominance of cognitive approach coping approaches; (d) high generalized use of approach coping strategies. The profile that showed that a greater combination of the three strategies was related to higher general self-efficacy expectations, and vice versa. These results suggest that encouraging flexibility in coping strategies would help to improve university students’ self-efficacy. (shrink)

The interest of assigning homework is frequently discussed due to its alleged low impact on student achievement. One of the current lines of research is to emphasize the quality of student homework engagement rather than the amount of time spent on homework. The aim of this study was to determine (a) the extent to which students’ prior achievement affects their homework engagement (i.e., time spent, time management, and amount of teacher-assigned homework done), and (b) how students’ intrinsic motivation towards homework (...) may mediate or moderate the relationship between prior achievement and the homework engagement variables. A large sample of students from the first four years of Secondary Education (N = 1899) completed questionnaires. The results showed that intrinsic motivation partially mediates, but does not moderate, the effect of prior achievement on the three variables related to homework engagement (time spent, time management, and amount of teacher-assigned homework done). These results highlight the importance of considering both students’ current level of achievement and their motivation towards homework engagement when assigning homework. (shrink)

Existe una línea temática moderna que vincula el trabajo sobre las fuentes clásicas del 3er conde de Shaftesbury con el mosaico filosófico que más tarde desarrollará Johann Georg Hamann: se trata del “proyecto socrático”, que aparece en el primero bajo la idea de unas Chartae socraticae y será motivación para que Hamann recoja el testigo en sus Memorabilia socratica. Se rastrea las raíces shaftesburianas del Sócrates de Hamann –surgidas de su lectura y traducción de juventud: Sensus communis y Carta sobre (...) el entusiasmo– para delimitar. (shrink)

A study of the conflict between philosophy and poetry in four Platonic dialogues: the Ion, the Symposium, the Republic, and the Sophist.

Mentalization is a useful ability for social functioning and a crucial aspect of mentalizing is emotion regulation. Literature suggests programmes for children and adults to increase mentalizing abilities useful both for emotional and social competences. For this reason, the issue of how to prompt children’s mentalization has started to attract researchers’ attention, supporting the importance of the interpersonal dimension for the individual differences in the developmental of mentalization. The TiM (Thoughts in Mind) Project, a training programme based on the explanation (...) of mentalization mechanisms and designed for adults, deals with emotion regulation. Starting from the TiM Project, this study tests the effects of the TiM Child (TiM-C) training programme, over a control training programme, a conversational training designed for the school context, in children attending Year 2 of primary school. We designed a training based on narratives, followed by multiple-choice questions and conversations about mental states. Our results revealed significant improvements over the training period only in the TiM-C Project group for Metacognition, Emotion Regulation Strategies and a Theory of Mind task. As far as the educational implications, our findings suggest that it is possible to enhance mentalization through activities at school by promoting not only the understanding of the relations between mind and emotion, but also metacognitive skills. (shrink)

Este artículo analiza el fenómeno migratorio intrarregional abordando dinámicas de inclusión social informal al interior del sistema laboral. A partir del análisis de 32 relatos de vida a inmigrantes peruanos que han ascendido laboralmente en Chile, se propone que la baja ubicación de peruanos en el sistema de estratificación social chileno, condiciona su grado de dependencia a una inclusión informal al sistema laboral. Sin embargo, como efecto de la regularización de su estatus migratorio, del mayor conocimiento del campo laboral y (...) de la formalización de su capital social, es posible el despliegue de reacciones agenciales en función de una trayectoria ascendente en el mercado del trabajo. (shrink)

Este artigo pretende sustentar que, em Wittgenstein, a noção de limite proposicional caracteriza um elemento de transição entre o não cognitivismo expresso no Tractatus e a filosofia posterior, especialmente nas Investigações. Neste sentido, podemos apontar que é o limite da dizibilidade que marca a ruptura na análise entre as proposições científicas e as “proposições éticas”. Enquanto as primeiras possuem valor de verdade, isto é, podem ser verdadeiras ou falsas, as demais carecem de sentido porque não podem ser expressas por uma (...) notação ideal. Por isso, o discurso científico, ao contrário do discurso moral ordinário, expande-se na medida em que limitamos as fronteiras da linguagem. Isso permite que aceitemos como conclusão apenas a existência de proposições elementares, que não são mais analisáveis. Portanto, não é possível formular proposições morais, mas apenas enunciar juízos, uma vez que os valores não são qualidades ou propriedades supervenientes das coisas. Sendo assim, a separação entre fato e valor, no que diz respeito à lógica e à ética, é a única possibilidade para que a linguagem significativa da ciência possa afigurar a realidade. (shrink)

The case of Merleau-Ponty’s phenomenology is based on the weaving between experience and expression of experience. From this point of view, the article examines Merleau-Ponty’s reflections on children’s drawing and on modern art. Bot try to get back the raw perception of the world - beyond the idealisations of perspective art and of geometry - and rediscover the expressive and symbolic dynamics in our body experience.

Este texto tem por objetivo abordar a educação de meninas, órfãs ou em situação de vulnerabilidade, que era efetivada no Asylo Coração de Maria, na cidade do Rio Grande/RS. Entre os elementos discutidos, estão a fundação da instituição e a sua rotina escolar. Como suporte teórico-metodológico evoca-se a História Cultural, visando a análise documental de jornais, livros de matrícula, regimentos e relatórios. Conclui-se que existiam tensões entre as normas e as práticas institucionais, bem como que o incentivo do ensino profissionalizante (...) visava proporcionar opções de vida às meninas para além do casamento e do cuidado do lar. (shrink)

El artículo tiene como eje central la presentación del sentido original con el cual nace la Estética, como disciplina filosófica, de la mano de Alexander Baumgarten. Está dividido en tres partes: la primera con la finalidad de contextualizar históricamente el nacimiento de la Estética y su idea base es que la Ilustración es un movimiento de raíz europea con un cariz preeminentemente antropológico. La segunda parte se concentra en presentar y explicar los conceptos centrales de la Estética de Baumgarten, a (...) saber: que ella es una reflexión acerca de lo particular en tanto particular. La tercera parte vincula la reflexión estética con la dimensión humana. La idea base de esta tercera parte, aquella que le da sentido a todo el artículo, es que la Estética de Baumgarten se dirige hacia la construcción de un ser humano completo, aquella persona que sabe integrar su razón y su sensibilidad, y encuentra en ello una feliz armonía. Tal ser humano será llamado el felix aestheticus. (shrink)