"œLa disoluci�n de la obra de arte"El llamado arte de vanguardia realiz� un cuestionamiento radical del concepto tradicional de arte, en particular, del concepto de obra de arte, de las relaciones de �sta con la verdad, de la instituci�n del "œarte" concebida como una esfera separada y destacada del mundo de la vida, del sentido en que deb��a entenderse la autonom��a del arte, etc. Se ha hablado en este sentido de la disoluci�n de las fronteras entre el arte y la (...) realidad, entre el arte y la vida, entre la ficci�n y la praxis, de una "œestetizaci�n de la realidad" , de una "œestetizaci�n del mundo de la vida" . Una de las consecuencias extremas de esta ruptura radica en "œhacer de la obra de arte un lugar vac��o, un mero horizonte de expectativas". Sin embargo, se advierte hoy que el arte surgido con posterioridad al arte de vanguardia de la primera mitad de este siglo ha restaurado y ampliado la categor��a de obra de arte. La reflexi�n est�tica se ve as�� en la necesidad de reintroducir un concepto ampliado no solamente de la obra de arte, sino del fen�meno est�tico en su conjunto en el que se sit�e la producci�n, la cr��tica y la recepci�n, la obra de arte y la experiencia est�tica, el arte y el mundo de la vida en su diferencia y, a la vez, en el juego de sus relaciones rec��procas."œThe dissolution of the work of art"The so-called avant-garde art made a radical question about the traditional concept of art, particularly, about the concept "œwork of art", about its relation to the "œtruth", about the institution of "œart" considered as an outstanding and different sphere from the "œlife world", about the way in which "œart autonomy" should be understood. In this sense, much has been said about the disappearance of the border between fiction and practice, about the "œestetization of reality" , about the "œestetization of the life world" . One of the extreme consequences of this divorce is the transformation of the work of art into an empty place, a mere horizon of expectations. Nevertheless, today it is known that art created after the avant-garde art from the beginning of this century has restored and broadened the concept of work of art. Thus, aesthetic thinking needs to reestablish an extended concept not only of the work of art, but also of the whole aesthetic phenomena, in which production, critics, reception, work of art and its aesthetic experience, art and the life world are found, and in which their reciprocal relations are shown. (shrink)

In this article, I propose to examine the origins and follow the process of the development of philosophy in Mexico, its periods, currents and most important features, and some of the problems that it is confronting in modern times. One of the guiding ideas that structure this reflection is that philosophy in Mexico has developed along the horizon of a series of economic, political and social events to which philosophy itself has attempted to respond but that, in a manner both (...) simultaneous and decisive, have contributed to configuring philosophy itself. Among these events I would emphasize, first, the experience of the Mexican Revolution, but would add the experience of the Russian Revolution, World Wars I and II, the explosion of the atomic bomb and, later, the Cuban Revolution, the 1968 Student Movement in Mexico, the nuclear catastrophe in Chernobyl, the fall of the Berlin Wall and, more recently, the emergence of the Neo-Zapatista movement in the country, as well as the ecological disasters that characterized the 20th century. Nor can we ignore the great challenges that have emerged in recent decades due to the worldwide scourge of inequality, and the extensive migratory movements from poor countries to rich ones caused by the overwhelming force of diverse forms of political and religious fundamentalism, climate change and new forms and waves of violence on both the national and international levels. The recent development of philosophy in Mexico has been marked by growing professionalization and specialization and the formation of a solid community of philosophers with specialized journals that provide spaces for reasoned public discussion and debate that is subject to the argumentative constraints proper to the discipline and conforms to the criteria established by a community that finds itself coming into ever-closer contact with other philosophical communities in and beyond the Spanish-American world. However, and paradoxically, beside this emphasis on specialization, philosophy has lost some of its presence in the public space and grand national discussions and debates. As another central element of its discourse in recent decades we can mention the fact that, parallel to increasing specialization, philosophy in Mexico has been conducted, through its own development, towards greater interaction and dialogue with other sciences and disciplines, leading it to insert itself into a learning process that has allowed it to potentiate the development and advancement of philosophy itself. (shrink)

Esta obra aproxima al lector a los conceptos de acción, ética y racionalidad práctica tomando como eje de articulación el análisis del modo en que los clásicos de la historia de la filosofía, desde Platón hasta Donald Davidson, han reflexionado sobre ellos. Se abordan así problemas vinculados con la explicación y narración de la acción al igual que con la relación entre la razón y los deseos o entre la acción, la felicidad y la virtud. Y se analiza también el (...) sentido de la libertad y la autonomía, la distinción entre las acciones y los eventos de la naturaleza, la manera en que deben ser comprendidos la responsabilidad, el mal y el progreso moral, o incluso las complejas relaciones entre la razón práctica y la revelación divina. Con todo ello se proporciona una mirada lo más completa posible y desde diversas perspectivas sobre un problema central para la filosofía desde sus inicios. (shrink)

This paper examines the relations between identity, otherness and alterity in the field of ethics and, especially, in that of political philosophy. For this, I refer to the work of three eminent thinkers: the Mexican philosopher Luis Villoro, and the German philosophers Jürgen Habermas and Bernhard Waldenfels. In all of them the problems of otherness, alterity, exclusion and inclusion play a very important role: the otherness and the exclusion of other cultures or social groups or entire ethnic groups . The (...) result of this reflection is a conception of democracy and, in general, of the political order, as an order always open to the claims and demands from otherness and alterity, in an endless game between identity and otherness that can never be completed. (shrink)

En este trabajo me centro en la _Rechtslehre_ de la _Metaphysik der Sitten_ para exponer el modo en que Kant comprende el Derecho y su indisoluble vínculo con el concepto de libertad. Me detengo en la manera en que Kant analiza el Derecho Privado, especialmente en su análisis de la propiedad, y en el modo en que su fundamentación se enlaza con el establecimiento de un Estado basado sobre el Derecho que es a la vez expresión de una voluntad universal. (...) Hacia el final ofrezco algunas consideraciones en torno a la argumentación kantiana y a los problemas que ella plantea. (shrink)

Los trabajos presentados en este libro se proponen realizar una reflexión sobre la posibilidad, relevancia y sentido de la crítica filosófica, social y política hoy en día en el marco de un diálogo con la 'Teoría Crítica' realizado ...

La presencia del orden se nos impone con singular insistencia. La reflexión sobre el orden, las posibilidades de su emergencia y las condiciones de su articulación y de su crítica, al igual que de su transgresión o transformación, ha constituido un eje central en el pensamiento filosófico y social continental a lo largo del siglo XX. Los trabajos que aparecen en este libro proceden de pensadores provenientes de Alemania, Francia y México y se proponen contribuir a una reflexión amplia, sistemática (...) y a la vez interdisciplinaria sobre este problema a la vez inquietante e inescapable. (shrink)

Name der Zeitschrift: Kant-Studien Jahrgang: 106 Heft: 1 Seiten: 165-168.

"El nacimiento de la fenomenologí­a. Las Investigaciones Lógicas de Edmund Husserl a los cien años de su publicación" Husserl introdujo el término Fenomenologí­a en 1901, en el contexto de sus Investigaciones Lógicas y fue bajo esta denominación que comprenderí­a en lo suscesivo su propia reflexión. Husserl se convirtió con ello en el fundador de la Fenomenologí­a, cuyo desarrollo marco, gradualmente, a toda la filosofí­a más allá de las fronteras de su natal Alemania. Heidegger, Ingarden, Schí¼tz, Sartre, Merleau Ponty, Lévinas o (...) Ricoeur, por ejemplo, son autores cuya obra serí­a impensable sin la veta del pensamiento que abrió Husserl. A partir de este texto, los esfuerzos de Husserl habrán de orientarse en dirección de una nueva fundamen-tación de la lógica pura y de la teorí­a del conocimiento. "The birth of the Phenomenology. The Edmund' Husserl"™s Logical Investigations at the hundred years of their publication." Husserl introduced the term Phenomenology in 1901, in the context of his Logical Investigations and it was under this denomination what he would understand in his latest reflection. Husserl became, with this conceptualization, the founder of the Phenomenology whose development mark, gradually, the whole philosophy beyond the frontiers of his native Germany. Heidegger, Ingarden, Schiitz. Sartre. Merleau Ponty, Levinas or Ricoeur, for example, are authors whose work would be imposible without the ground of the thought that Husserl opened up. Starting from this text, the efforts of Husserl had being guided in address of a new foundation of the pure logic and of the theory of the knowledge. (shrink)

_Dossier_ __Law and Society in Kant.__ __Contemporary Readings of the ‘Doctrine of Right’__.

This brief review of Mario Bunge’s research on physics begins with an analysis of his masterpiece Foundations of Physics, and then it discusses his other contributions to the philosophy of physics. Following that is a summary of his more recent reactions to scientific discoveries in physics and a discussion of his position about non-locality in quantum mechanics, as well as his changing opinions on the nature of spacetime. The paper ends with a brief assessment of Bunge’s legacy concerning the foundations (...) of physics. (shrink)

Environmental research has usually highlighted that the existence of slack resources in an organization helps allocate investment to innovative initiatives. However, the existing literature has paid very limited attention to how slack resources can influence the effects of focused and diversified innovations in different ways. Agency theory scholars claim that a manager’s first preference when confronted with discretionary resources will not generate positive investments for the firm, but their own opportunistic preferences. The differences between focused and diversified environmental innovations allow (...) us to gain a better understanding of the financial impact of being focused and how slack resources matter in this context. We analyze a longitudinal sample of 5845 environmental patents from the 75 largest companies in the electrical components and equipment industry worldwide. Our results show that high levels of slack resources reduce the existing positive relationship between focused environmental innovations and a firm’s financial performance. These results contribute to delineating the theoretical and empirical implications of focused versus diversified environmental innovations and extend the literature on ethical dilemmas concerning managers’ use of slack resources in the firm. (shrink)

There are communities in which disadvantaged groups experience severe inequality. For instance, poor and indigent families face many difficulties accessing their social rights. Their condition is largely the consequence of the wrong choices of those in power, either historical or more recent choices. The lack of opportunities of these deprived citizens is due to state omissions. In such communities, it is not unusual for homeless members of these particular groups to occupy abandoned lands and build their shelters there. However, almost (...) everywhere, these actions constitute a crime. The typical response to this situation is prosecution and punishment. In this paper, I will defend the occupation of public places as a consequence of the failure of governments to solve the problem of housing, and I will argue that we must distinguish a social claim from a crime and avoid the use of criminal law in these “occupation cases”. I will also argue that our right—as a community—to blame and punish these “squatters” is eroded by the fact that we perpetrated their situation of injustice. (shrink)

Propõe o ensino das duas linguagens fundamentais - de Língua Materna e de Matemática - através da argumentação para que se articule o ensino de todas as disciplinas. Ao final, faz uma proposta global de avaliação para a escola, centrada em textos argumentativos, transformando a "cola" consentida em consulta necessária.

Dung’s argumentation frameworks have been applied for over twenty years to the analysis of argument justification. This representation focuses on arguments and the attacks among them, abstracting away from other features like the internal structure of arguments, the nature of utterers, the specifics of the attack relation, etc. The model is highly attractive because it reduces most of the complexities involved in argumentation processes. It can be applied to different settings, like the argument evaluation of an individual agent or the (...) case of dialectic disputes between two agents (pro and con), or even in multi-agent collective argumentation. The latter case involves agents with possibly different arguments and/or opinions on how to evaluate them, leading to the possibility of considering multiple sets of arguments and attack relations. Two basic questions can be asked here, namely ‘what to aggregate’ and ‘how to aggregate’. The former concerns what kinds of entities do the agents intend to choose (arguments, attacks, assessments, etc.), while the second one focuses on which aggregation mechanisms yield rational choices (voting on arguments, merging procedures to obtain a common argumentation framework, deliberation processes, etc.). In particular, the question about the rationality of a collective argument choice relates this topic to Social Choice and Judgment Aggregation theories, while its associated strategic issues relate it to Game Theory. The research efforts on the disparate problems elicited by collective argumentation have generated a considerable corpus of literature that deserves an orderly evaluation. This survey is intended as a contribution to that end. (shrink)

ABSTRACTContrary to what some critics of epistemic democracy claim, the association between democracy and truth does not necessarily make the former inhospitable to conflict, contestation, and pluralism. With the help of John Stuart Mill and William James, truth can be interpreted so as to make it compatible with a democratic politics that appreciates conflict and dissent. In some circumstances, truth claims are politically relevant and should become the object of democratic deliberation.

The problems that arise from the presence of self-attacking ar- guments and odd-length cycles of attack within argumentation frameworks are widely recognized in the literature on defeasible argumentation. This paper introduces two simple semantics to capture different intuitions about what kinds of arguments should become justified in such scenarios. These semantics are modeled upon two extensions of argumentation frameworks, which we call sustainable and tolerant. Each one is constructed on the common ground of the powerful concept of admissibility introduced by (...) Dung in [10]. The novelty of this approach consists in viewing the admissibility of a subset of arguments as relative to potentially challenging subsets of arguments. Both sustainable and tolerant semantics are more credulous than preferred semantics (i.e. they justify at least the same arguments, and possibly more). Given certain sufficient conditions they coincide among them as well as with other semantics introduced by Dung. (shrink)

O artigo busca elaborar um conceito de liberdade democrática como desenvolvimento de si, resistência à opressão e à injustiça epistêmica mediante engajamento crítico com as obras de Paulo Freire, Amílcar Cabral e Augusto Boal. No pensamento dos três autores, democracia, liberdade e desenvolvimento de si constituem uma tríade de mútua influência, de sorte que o pleno exercício de quaisquer desses itens é impossível na ausência de qualquer um dos outros dois. Trata-se de mostrar, além disso, a maneira pela qual a (...) opressão é compreendida nos trabalhos dos três pensadores como o oposto da liberdade, e a injustiça epistêmica, como uma dimensão psíquica da opressão. (shrink)

In this paper we provide a compact presentation of the verisimilitudinarian approach to scientific progress (VS, for short) and defend it against the sustained attack recently mounted by Alexander Bird (2007). Advocated by such authors as Ilkka Niiniluoto and Theo Kuipers, VS is the view that progress can be explained in terms of the increasing verisimilitude (or, equivalently, truthlikeness, or approximation to the truth) of scientific theories. According to Bird, VS overlooks the central issue of the appropriate grounding of scientific (...) beliefs in the evidence, and it is therefore unable (a) to reconstruct in a satisfactory way some hypothetical cases of scientific progress, and (b) to provide an explanation of the aversion to falsity that characterizes scientific practice. We rebut both of these criticisms and argue that they reveal a misunderstanding of some key concepts underlying VS. (shrink)

Surrogacy and adoption are both family-making measures subject to extensive domestic and international regulation. In this nationally representative survey study (N = 1552), we explore public attitudes to various forms of surrogacy and adoption in the United Kingdom, in response to an early proposal to allow “double donor” surrogacy as part of the ongoing legal reform project. We sought to both gauge public moral support for adoption and surrogacy generally, the effect that prospective parents’ fertility had on this support, and (...) the extent to which the public would find equivalencies between “double donor” surrogacy (DDS) and planned private adoption (PPA) to be morally significant. Our findings indicate that whilst there is broad baseline support for all forms of adoption and surrogacy, this support increases significantly when one or both prospective parents are infertile. These findings also suggest that the language in which a family-making arrangement is characterized has a greater influence on moral support for the arrangement than practical features such as the biological relationship (or absence thereof) between one/both parents and the child. (shrink)

Theory change is a central concern in contemporary epistemology and philosophy of science. In this paper, we investigate the relationships between two ongoing research programs providing formal treatments of theory change: the (post-Popperian) approach to verisimilitude and the AGM theory of belief change. We show that appropriately construed accounts emerging from those two lines of epistemological research do yield convergences relative to a specified kind of theories, here labeled “conjunctive”. In this domain, a set of plausible conditions are identified which (...) demonstrably capture the verisimilitudinarian effectiveness of AGM belief change, i.e., its effectiveness in tracking truth approximation. We conclude by indicating some further developments and open issues arising from our results. (shrink)