Results for 'Weale, A.'

966 found
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  1.  21
    Statistical lives and the principle of maximum benefit.A. Weale - 1979 - Journal of Medical Ethics 5 (4):185-195.
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  2.  10
    Blindsight - a nonproblem.R. A. Weale - 1983 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 6 (3):464.
  3.  12
    Photoreceptor response parameters: what is a criterion?R. A. Weale - 1979 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 2 (2):288-289.
  4.  22
    Perceptions in perspective.R. A. Weale - 1989 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 12 (1):96-97.
  5.  56
    How Much is Due to Health Care Providers?: Albert Weale.Albert Weale - 1988 - Royal Institute of Philosophy Lecture Series 23:97-109.
    How much by way of economic reward is due to health care providers?Although this problem usually presents itself as a practical matter of policy, it has buried within it a number of philosophical issues, for it can be regarded as a question in the theory of economic justice. The formal principle of justice is that we should render persons what is due to them. But on what consideration in the case of health care providers can we make an assessment of (...)
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  6.  62
    The right to health versus good medical care?Albert Weale - 2012 - Critical Review of International Social and Political Philosophy 15 (4):473-493.
    There are two discourses that are used in connection with the provision of good healthcare: a rights discourse and a beneficial design discourse. Although the logical force of these two discourses overlaps, they have distinct and incompatible implications for practical reasoning about health policy. The language of rights can be interpreted as the ground of a well-designed healthcare system stressing the values of equality and inclusion, but it has less application when dealing with questions of cost-effectiveness. This difference reflects the (...)
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  7.  18
    Modern Social Contract Theory.Albert Weale - 2020 - New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
    Modern Social Contract Theory provides an exposition and evaluation of major work in social contract theory from 1950 to the present. It locates the central themes of that theory in the intellectual legacy of utilitarianism, particularly the problems of defining principles of justice and of showing the grounds of moral obligation. It demonstrates how theorists responded in a novel way to the dilemmas articulated in utilitarianism, developing in their different approaches a constructivist method in ethics, a method that aimed to (...)
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  8.  47
    Public Reasoning and Health-Care Priority Setting: The Case of NICE.Benedict Rumbold, Albert Weale, Annette Rid, James Wilson & Peter Littlejohns - 2017 - Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal 27 (1):107-134.
    Health systems that provide for universal patient access through a scheme of prepayments—whether through taxes, social insurance, or a combination of the two—need to make decisions on the scope of coverage that they secure. Such decisions are inherently controversial, implying, as they do, that some patients will receive less than comprehensive health care, or less than complete protection from the financial consequences of ill-heath, even when there is a clinically effective therapy to which they might have access.Controversial decisions of this (...)
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  9.  23
    On the logic of productive cooperation: a response to critics.Albert Weale - 2017 - Critical Review of International Social and Political Philosophy 20 (2):251-267.
    This paper identifies and responds to four critiques of democratic contractarianism, as advocated in Democratic Justice and the Social Contract, to be found in this symposium. The first is that, as a contingent practice-dependent account of justice, democratic contractarianism lacks the capacity to explain civic cooperation. The second is that, despite its intentions, Democratic Justice does not lay out an authentic contractarian theory. The third is that the theory is incompatible with our considered judgements about justice. And the fourth is (...)
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  10.  6
    Cost and Choice in Health Care: The Ethical Dimension.Albert Weale - 1988
    This report is about ethical thinking in the field of health and health care. But it is no abstract philosophical tract. It is designed to be of practical help to those struggling with the complex questions of allocating resources in health care and to encourage a wider involvement at all levels in health debates. The questions it raises stimulate new thinking about today's institutional structures. As we proceeded with our work, we became aware that it is easier to state problems (...)
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  11.  20
    The Property-Owning Democracy vesus the Welfare State.Albert Weale - 2013 - Analyse & Kritik 35 (1):37-54.
    The political theory of the property-owning democracy can be seen as a way of overcoming the ideological conflict between individualism and collectivism. Rawls offers the contemporary reference-point for this theory. Rawls contrasted the ideal-type of the property-owning democracy with the ideal-type of a capitalist welfare state. However, the terms of that contrast are not well drawn and raise a number of questions, in particular regarding Rawls’s a priori specification of the welfare state. An inductively derived specification of ideal-typical welfare states (...)
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  12.  20
    Nature versus the state? Markets, states, and environmental protection.Albert Weale - 1992 - Critical Review: A Journal of Politics and Society 6 (2-3):153-170.
    Is it possible to reconcile a classical liberal approach to economics with a concern for the environment? The contributors to Economics and the Environment: A Reconciliation contend that it is. But they fail to distinguish properly between classical liberalism and a widespread orthodoxy in environmental policy communities in Europe and North America to the effect that economic instruments for environmental policy need more serious attention than they have hitherto received. Once this orthodoxy is distinguished from classical liberalism, the latter is (...)
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  13.  10
    Meaning and context in political theory.Albert Weale - 2020 - European Journal of Political Theory 21 (4):147488512092537.
    The two books offer a contextual reinterpretation of Rawlsian and post-Rawlsian liberalism. Nelson’s main thesis is that debates in liberal political theory re-enact theological debates about theod...
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  14.  11
    Meaning and context in political theory.Albert Weale - 2022 - European Journal of Political Theory 21 (4):847-857.
    The two books offer a contextual reinterpretation of Rawlsian and post-Rawlsian liberalism. Nelson’s main thesis is that debates in liberal political theory re-enact theological debates about theodicy going back to the Pelagian controversy. This claim is criticized for its historical inaccuracy. Nelson’s invocation of theodicy as a refutation of luck egalitarianism and the Rawlsian rejection of desert rest on a claim of possibility that is too weak to uphold a plausible refutation. Forrester locates Rawls’s rejection of desert in the thinking (...)
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  15.  13
    Beyond Presidentialism and Parliamentarianism introduction to the symposium.Albert Weale - 2024 - Critical Review of International Social and Political Philosophy 27 (2):244-250.
    Ganghof’s Beyond Presidentialism and Parliamentarianism advances three main claims: an innovative typology of comparative government, introducing the category of semi-parliamentarianism; an explication of two conceptions of majority rule, simple majoritarianism and complex majoritarianism; and a demonstration that there are viable systems of government embodying the political equality associated with each majoritarian conception. This paper explains these claims and identifies issues discussed in this symposium.
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  16.  19
    Can Lifelong Learning Reshape Life Chances?Karen Evans, Ingrid Schoon & Martin Weale - 2013 - British Journal of Educational Studies 61 (1):25-47.
    Despite the expansion of post-school education and incentives to participate in lifelong learning, institutions and labour markets continue to interlock in shaping life chances according to starting social position, family and private resources. The dominant view that the economic and social returns to public investment in adult learning are too low to warrant large-scale public funding has been challenged by recent LLAKES research that shows significant returns to participants in lifelong learning with improvements in both their employability and employment prospects. (...)
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  17.  31
    Associative Obligation and the Social Contract.Albert Weale - 2017 - Philosophia 45 (2):463-476.
    John Horton has argued for an associative theory of political obligation in which such obligation is seen as a concomitant of membership of a particular polity, where a polity provides the generic goods of order and security. Accompanying these substantive claims is a methodological thesis about the centrality of the phenomenology of ordinary moral consciousness to our understanding of the problem of political obligation. The phenomenological strategy seems modest but in some way it is far-reaching promising to dissolve some long-standing (...)
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  18.  13
    Brian Michael Barry 1936-2009.Albert Weale - 2011 - In Weale Albert (ed.), Proceedings of the British Academy, Volume 166, Biographical Memoirs of Fellows, IX. pp. 3.
    Brian Barry was the leading European normative political theorist of his generation, his intellectual influence being felt in Europe, North America, Australasia, and indeed wherever normative political theory in the analytical mode is practised. As well as being a Fellow of the British Academy, he was a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and the only Briton to have received the prestigious Johann Skytte prize from the University of Uppsala for achievement in the study of political science. (...)
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  19.  3
    Just Inequalities of Power?Albert Weale - 2018 - In Karl Marker, Annette Schmitt & Jürgen Sirsch (eds.), Demokratie und Entscheidung. Beiträge zur Analytischen Politischen Theorie. Springer. pp. 245-259.
    The key difference between the two concepts is that power acts directly on the actions of others by providing incentives and penalties for action, whereas influence operates on beliefs. From this distinction it follows that the exercise of influence is not simply a sub-class of instances of the exercise of power. It can be perfectly reasonable to attribute influence where there is no power, as in the example of the influence of Cervantes on subsequent writers.
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  20.  15
    Popular Government Without the Will of the People.Albert Weale - 2021 - Topoi 41 (1):7-14.
    Populism sees representative government as intrinsically elitist, preferring to think about democracy in terms of the will of the people, expressed through devices such as referendums. However, this view is not one that can be made sense of and seeking to pursue the will of the people is dangerous to democracy. Citizen engagement is important in a representative democracy, but this is best conceived on a model of civil society organizations undertaking practical public deliberation. A philosophical model of deliberation leading (...)
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  21.  7
    Public services and the plurality of values.Albert Weale - 2022 - Jurisprudence 13 (3):427-435.
    Chiara Cordelli’s The Privatized State is a book that should be widely read for many reasons.1 In the first place, it engages with an important set of issues in governance and public administration...
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  22. Creating sustainable health care systems: Agreeing social (societal) priorities through public participation.Peter Littlejohns, Katharina Kieslich, Albert Weale, Emma Tumilty, Georgina Richardson, Tim Stokes, Robin Gauld & Paul Scuffham - 2019 - Journal of Health Organization and Management 1 (33):18-34.
    In order to create sustainable health systems, many countries are introducing ways to prioritize health services underpinned by a process of health technology assessment. While this approach requires technical judgments of clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness, these are embedded in a wider set of social (societal) value judgments, including fairness, responsiveness to need, non-discrimination and obligations of accountability and transparency. Implementing controversial decisions faces legal, political and public challenge. To help generate acceptance for the need for health prioritization and the resulting (...)
     
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  23. Universal Health Coverage, Priority Setting and the Human Right to Health.Benedict Rumbold, Octavio Ferraz, Sarah Hawkes, Rachel Baker, Carleigh Crubiner, Peter Littlejohns, Ole Frithjof Norheim, Thomas Pegram, Annette Rid, Sridhar Venkatapuram, Alex Voorhoeve, Albert Weale, James Wilson, Alicia Ely Yamin & Daniel Wang - 2017 - The Lancet 390 (10095):712-14.
    As health policy-makers around the world seek to make progress towards universal health coverage, they must navigate between two important ethical imperatives: to set national spending priorities fairly and efficiently; and to safeguard the right to health. These imperatives can conflict, leading some to conclude that rights-based approaches present a disruptive influence on health policy, hindering states’ efforts to set priorities fairly and efficiently. Here, we challenge this perception. We argue first that these points of tension stem largely from inadequate (...)
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  24.  56
    Affordability and Non-Perfectionism in Moral Action.Benedict Rumbold, Victoria Charlton, Annette Rid, Polly Mitchell, James Wilson, Peter Littlejohns, Catherine Max & Albert Weale - 2019 - Ethical Theory and Moral Practice 22 (4):973-991.
    One rationale policy-makers sometimes give for declining to fund a service or intervention is on the grounds that it would be ‘unaffordable’, which is to say, that the total cost of providing the service or intervention for all eligible recipients would exceed the budget limit. But does the mere fact that a service or intervention is unaffordable present a reason not to fund it? Thus far, the philosophical literature has remained largely silent on this issue. However, in this article, we (...)
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  25.  44
    Humanism, Female Education, and Myth: Erasmus, Vives, and More's To Candidus.A. D. Cousins - 2004 - Journal of the History of Ideas 65 (2):213-230.
    In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:Humanism, Female Education, and Myth:Erasmus, Vives, and More's To CandidusA. D. CousinsWhen considering pleasure and chance as aspects of human experience, Thomas More sometimes gendered them female; that is to say, at times he represented them by drawing from the mythographies of Venus and of Fortune. But what did he suggest that actual women, as distinct from goddesses, were or should be or might become: what were his notions (...)
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  26. A Moral Methode of Ciuile Policie Contayninge a Learned and Fruictful Discourse of the Institution, State and Gouernment of a Common Weale.Francesco Patrizi & Richard Robinson - 1576 - Imprinted at London ... By Thomas Marsh.
     
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  27. A work touching the good ordering of a common weal.Joannes Ferrarius Montanus - 1559 - New York,: Johnson Reprint. Edited by William Bavande.
     
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  28.  24
    Environment change, economy change and reducing conflict at source.A. Cottey - 2018 - AI and Society 33 (2):215-228.
    At a time when fossil fuel burning, nationalism, ethnic and religious intolerance, and other retrograde steps are being promoted, the prospects for world peace and environmental systems stability may appear dim. Exactly because of this is it the more important to continue to examine the sources of conflict. A major obstacle to general progress is the currently dominant economic practice and theory, which is here called the economy-as-usual, or economics-as-usual, as appropriate. A special obstacle to constructive change is the language (...)
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  29. A Common-Vvealth of Good Counsaile. Or, Policies Chiefe Counseller, Portraited Into Two Bookes. Shewing Vvhat May Be in a Magistrate in Gouerning: A Subiect in Obeying: And the Absolute Felicitie of All Common-Weales. Vvherein All Sorts of Well Affected Readers, May Furnish Themselues with All Kind of Philosophicall or Morall Reading, as Being Replenished with the Chiefe Learning of the Most Excellent Philosophers, and Principall Law-Giuers. And by the Author Intended for All Those That Be Admitted to the Administration of Well Gouernd Common-Weales.Wawrzyniec Go Slicki, Richard Bradock, Thomas Creede & L. N. - 1607 - Printed by R.B. For N. Lyng.
     
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  30. On “bettering humanity” in science and engineering education.James A. Stieb - 2007 - Science and Engineering Ethics 13 (2):265-273.
    Authors such as Krishnasamy Selvan argue that “all human endeavors including engineering and science” have a single primary objective: “bettering humanity.” They favor discussing “the history of science and measurement uncertainty.” This paper respectfully disagrees and argues that “human endeavors including engineering and science” should not pursue “bettering humanity” as their primary objective. Instead these efforts should first pursue individual betterment. One cannot better humanity without knowing what that means. However, there is no one unified theory of what is to (...)
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  31.  21
    ‘Mathematics Made No Contribution to the Public Weal’: Why Jean Fernel (1497-1558) Became a Physician.John Henry - 2011 - Centaurus 53 (3):193-220.
    This paper offers a caution that emphasis upon the importance of mathematics in recent historiography is in danger of obscuring the historical fact that, for the most part, mathematics was not seen as important in the pre-modern period. The paper proceeds by following a single case study, and in so doing offers the first account of the mathematical writings of Jean Fernel (1497–1558), better known as a leading medical innovator of the 16th century. After establishing Fernel's early commitment to mathematics, (...)
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  32.  21
    Autonomy and the Common Weal.Marion Danis & Larry R. Churchill - 1991 - Hastings Center Report 21 (1):25-31.
    When health care providers make decisions to use resources, their devotion to the patient at hand must be mediated by a framework that puts individual autonomy and social equity into focus simultaneously. The concept of citizenship yields such a framework.
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  33.  9
    Cadere and the Weal.Rebecca Weisman - 2015 - International Journal of Žižek Studies 9 (1).
    This textual/visual/filmic essay discusses the artist Rebecca Weisman’s short video Cadere and the Weal within a framework of dark ecology, Lacanian psychoalysis, sexuality/femininity, animal theory and the usefulness of abjection in understanding our relationship to a collapsing environment. It draws on both philosophical ideas and visual representation and seeks to find an intermediary space in which they can elucidate one another in a momentary balance, neither one “describing” the other. By challenging how we approach making representations of nature and the (...)
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  34. The Common Weal. — Six lectures on political Philosophy.W. Cunningham - 1918 - Revue Philosophique de la France Et de l'Etranger 86:158-159.
    William Cunningham was a prominent British economist and economic historian. In this book, which was first published in 1917, Cunningham provides a concise guide to various aspects of political philosophy, with a particular focus on British political institutions. Appendices are included and textual notes are incorporated throughout. This book will be of value to anyone with an interest in political philosophy and the nature of governance.
     
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  35.  1
    The Common Weal: Six Lectures on Political Philosophy.W. Cunningham - 1917 - Cambridge [England]: Cambridge University Press. Edited by Bruce Rogers.
    William Cunningham was a prominent British economist and economic historian. In this book, which was first published in 1917, Cunningham provides a concise guide to various aspects of political philosophy, with a particular focus on British political institutions. Appendices are included and textual notes are incorporated throughout. This book will be of value to anyone with an interest in political philosophy and the nature of governance.
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  36.  76
    Liberty, Equality and the Pareto Principle: A Comment on Weale.Iain McLean - 1980 - Analysis 40 (4):212 - 213.
  37.  5
    Technotopia: A Media Genealogy of Net Cultures.Clemens Apprich - 2017 - Rowman & Littlefield International.
    By looking back to the early days of network building within the Internet, Clemens Apprich looks at how those pioneer projects have shaped new forms of media and social practices, and critically engages with current discourses about the weal and woe of the Internet.
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  38.  14
    A Dream on Better Destiny for Motherland: Idea of Future India in Rabindranath Tagore’s poem ‘Where the Mind is Without Fear’.Tatiana G. Skorokhodova - 2022 - Философия И Культура 7:1-14.
    Among the key ideas of the Bengal Renaissance was one of a future India considered from the point of view of India's weal. An creative embodiment of the idea in Rabindranath Tagore’s poem ‘Where the Mind is Without Fear’ is analyzed in the article. Based on hermeneutical approach, the author traces an origin of the idea, its evolution in creative thought of the national-cultural renaissance in Modern India and its content in Tagore’s thought. The application of a principle of historicism (...)
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  39.  15
    The Bioethical Discourse in the Development of a Musician-Performer.Liudmyla Kondratska, Bohdan Vodianyi, Valentyna Vodiana, Yaroslava Toporivska, Olena Spolska & Serhii Malovichko - 2022 - Postmodern Openings 13 (1 Sup1):198-215.
    Involvement of a modern performer in the dialogue of concepts of recompense and biocentrism regulates its experimentation with bio and recorded music by awakening a sense of responsibility at the level of the epigenetic rule. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to substantiate a pedagogical model of bioethical education of a musician-performer - creation of a favourable environment to motivate them to comprehend the value of what serves as confirmation of God-like dignity of a person and the general weal (...)
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  40.  47
    Private Lives and Public Virtues: The Idea of a Liberal Community.David McCabe - 1998 - Canadian Journal of Philosophy 28 (4):557 - 585.
    Ever since Immanuel Kant suggested that ‘the problem of setting up a state can be solved even by a nation of devils’ so long as citizens’ selfish tendencies worked to counterbalance one another, critics have complained that liberalism is indifferent to individual character and, worse still, is predicated on the notion that citizens ought to be concerned primarily with their private interests and little, if at all, with the public weal. Lately, this line of criticism has been pressed with renewed (...)
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  41.  30
    Private Lives and Public Virtues: The Idea of a Liberal Community.David McCabe - 1998 - Canadian Journal of Philosophy 28 (4):557-585.
    Ever since Immanuel Kant suggested that ‘the problem of setting up a state can be solved even by a nation of devils’ so long as citizens’ selfish tendencies worked to counterbalance one another, critics have complained that liberalism is indifferent to individual character and, worse still, is predicated on the notion that citizens ought to be concerned primarily with their private interests and little, if at all, with the public weal. Lately, this line of criticism has been pressed with renewed (...)
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  42.  31
    The value and limits of rights: a reply.Peter Jones - 2012 - Critical Review of International Social and Political Philosophy 15 (4):495-516.
    I reply to each of the contributions in this issue. I agree with much that Hillel Steiner argues, especially his insistence that the associated ideas of impartiality and discontinuity are crucial to dealing satisfactorily with a diversity of competing claims. I am, however, less willing to conceive provision for that diversity as the role, rather than a role, that we should ascribe to rights. I question the success of David Miller’s endeavour to provide a unified justification of human rights grounded (...)
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  43.  70
    History teaching for patriotic citizenship in australia.Bruce Haynes - 2009 - Educational Philosophy and Theory 41 (4):424-440.
    History has long been taught in Australian schools with a view to encouraging patriotic citizenship. What has been taught and what is meant by patriotic Australian citizenship has changed markedly over the years. Current national initiatives to stimulate and direct the teaching of 'what we all know' to be Australian history may not meet the requirements of acceptable educational practice. The Commonwealth government may be better advised to pursue initiatives that encourage understanding of and commitment to the common weal.
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  44.  22
    Ecological Humanism and Stable Development.Sambalkhundev Khash-Erdene & Vladimir Krasikov - 2008 - Proceedings of the Xxii World Congress of Philosophy 3:55-58.
    Ecological humanism is a new broadened form of human ethics that coming into being as an answer to an ecological crisis and an ideology of total consumption. There are two approaches in basing of ecological humanism. The first of them is founded on traditional human values or on anthropocentrism. Milieu is considered as important living conditions that must be conserved with great care but the number of one is man here. The second approach is more radical. It strives to overcome (...)
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  45.  10
    Globalisation: Good, Bad, and the Ugly Casualties of Indian Liberalisation.Purushottama Bilimoria - 2018 - Proceedings of the XXIII World Congress of Philosophy 51:25-30.
    There is a lot of talk around about Globalisation and its mana-like benefits; indeed, there are many, in areas such as the spread of communication capabilities, social media, and wider distribution of goods in the free trade marketplace that in previous decades were ‘protected’ by exorbitant excise tariffs, licensing restrictions, and low turn-overs. Since Weber, Robertson, Wallerstein, Appadurai, Tambiah et al, there has been much theorizing on the inevitability of Globalisation and its neat corollaries, Free Trade, Liberalisation, Parallel Modernities, and (...)
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  46.  37
    The Future of Maoism.Edward Friedman - 1984 - Telos: Critical Theory of the Contemporary 1984 (59):196-199.
    To Samir Amin, Stalinism, “a Soviet type developmental strategy” involves primitive accumulation of capital through the imposition of “a massive tribute on the peasantry” (p. 36) and a siphoning of a huge proportion of that weal “to the military “ (p. 37) ending in a militarily expansionist police state with nothing in common with socialism. In contrast, Yugoslavia's Titoism is an ambiguous inheritance, consisting in a flexible polity which is not dominated by a Stalinist police state, a system which “may (...)
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  47.  5
    Bound in shallows: autobiographical reminiscences.Errol E. Harris - 2015 - [Milwaukee, Wisconsin]: Marquette University Press.
    Errol Harris was a greatly respected and influential philosopher and public intellectual in North America, Britain and Europe in the 20th century. His autobiography provides insight into the influences that contributed to the shaping of his remarkable character and career. In these recollections Harris reveals a keen eye as he presents memories of growing up in several parts of South Africa in the early 20th century; childhood and youth in a close-knit but sometimes financially challenged Jewish family of fairly strict (...)
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  48.  52
    Justice and Democracy: Essays for Brian Barry.Keith Dowding, Robert E. Goodin & Carole Pateman (eds.) - 2004 - New York: Cambridge University Press.
    'Justice' and 'democracy' have alternated as dominant themes in political philosophy over the last fifty years. Since its revival in the middle of the twentieth century, political philosophy has focused on first one and then the other of these two themes. Rarely, however, has it succeeded in holding them in joint focus. This volume brings together leading authors who consider the relationship between democracy and justice in a set of specially written chapters. The intrinsic justness of democracy is challenged, the (...)
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  49.  55
    Democratic justice: the priority of politics and the ideal of citizenship.Valentina Gentile - 2017 - Critical Review of International Social and Political Philosophy 20 (2):211-221.
    In his Democratic justice and the social contract, Weale presents a distinctive contingent practice-dependent model of ‘democratic justice’ that relies heavily on a condition of just social and political relations among equals. Several issues arise from this account. Under which conditions might such just social and political relations be realised? What ideal of equality is required for ‘democratic justice’? What are its implications for the political ideal of citizenship? This paper focuses on these questions as a way to critically reconsider (...)
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  50.  18
    Disinterestedness and virtue: 'Pure love' in Feneloni, Rousseau and Godwin.Benjamin Thompson & R. Lamb - 2011 - History of Political Thought 32 (5):799-819.
    This paper examines the conception of disinterested love, pur amour, advocated by the Archbishop of Cambrai, Francois Fenelon, and its role in the thought of Jean-Jacques Rousseau andWilliam Godwin.We argue that for Fenelon, Rousseau, and Godwin, virtue is, or follows directly from, a form of love stripped of self-interest. Hence, virtuous activity is performed without either hope of reward or fear of punishment and sometimes with no reference to the self at all. At the same time, this disinterested love re-identifies (...)
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