The author's purpose was to present to the American lawyer, vital clues to the points of view which have influenced Latin-American attorneys. Kunz, who was a teacher in private & international law, was among the first scholars in the United States to become interested in Latin-American philosophy of law.

Nach Beendigung des zweiten Weltkrieges hat eine Neubesinnung auf die präpositiven Grundlagen der Rechtsordnung eingesetzt. Dabei wurde insbesondere die Frage nach den Realfaktoren des Rechtes und damit auch nach dem Begriff der "Natur der Sache" gestellt. Die erste Berüh rung mit diesem Problemkreis verdanke ich dem Studium der "Grund züge der Rechtsphilosophie" von Professor Dr. Helmut Co i n g. Dieses Buch hat mich unmittelbar nach meiner Promotion angeregt, mich näher mit dem Inhalt des Begriffes der "Natur der Sache" sowie (...) seiner Bedeu tung für die Rechtsphilosophie und seiner Funktion im positiven Recht zu beschäftigen. Das erste Ergebnis dieser Studien durfte ich auf Einladung von Professor Dr. Alfred Ver d r 0 s s in der den Professoren Dr. Adolf Merkl und Dr. Josef Kunz gewidmeten Festnummer der Österreichi schen Zeitschrift für öffentliches Recht, Bd. X (N. F. ), 1959/60, S. 452ff. veröffentlichen. Die Fortsetzung und Ergänzung dieser Betrachtungen über den Begriff der "Natur der Sache" sind Inhalt des vorliegenden Buches, welches als Beitrag zur rechtsphilosophischen Grundlagenfor schung gedacht ist. Im ersten Abschnitt der Arbeit soll an Hand einiger Beispiele der Sinnwandel des Begriffes der "Natur der Sache" in der Geschicltte der Reclttsphilosophie dargelegt werden. In einem zweiten Abscltnitt wird die "Natur der Sache" sowohl als Wesen der tatsächlichen Gegebenheiten wie als Natur des Menschen erklärt und zur Rechtsordnung in Beziehung gebracht. (shrink)

This article examines the structure of self-consciousness in people with schizophrenia. The findings indicate that our self-experience is not neutral with respect to the metaphysical status of the self and that it is important to attend carefully to the experience of the subject in order to understand schizophrenia. The results also suggest that the variable disruptions in the sense of self-presence, first-person perspective, and the phenomenality of experience in schizophrenics directly affect the minimal self and it may also have implications (...) for the narrative self. (shrink)

1. Matter and form -- 2. Maimonides' theory of the parable -- 3. The parable of adamic perfection -- 4. Physical matter and its limitations on intellects -- 5. Maimonidean skepticism I -- 6. Maimonidean skepticism II -- 7. In the inner chamber of the ruler's palace: the critique of the theory of separate intellects -- 8. The embodied life of an intellect -- 9. Excrement and exegesis, or shame over matter.

This paper examines the place of metaphorical interpretation in the current Contextualist-Literalist controversy over the role of context in the determination of truth-conditions in general. Although there has been considerable discussion of 'non-literal' language by both sides of this dispute, the language analyzed involves either so-called implicit indexicality, loose or loosened use, enriched interpretations, or semantic transfer, not metaphor itself. In the first half of the paper, I critically evaluate Recanati's (2004) recent Contextualist account and show that it cannot account (...) for the metaphorical-literal dependence characteristic of metaphor. I then turn to Carston's (2002), and Bezuidenhout's (2001) Contextualist accounts and show that they place no constraints on metaphorical interpretations. In the second half of the paper I sketch a Literalist theory of metaphor elaborated in Stern (2000) and respond to two kinds of Contextualist criticisms of that account by Camp (2005) and Stanley (2005). (shrink)

Millikan's externalist account of concept acquisition cannot completely avoid the distinction between central (defining) and peripheral (characteristic) features, because some knowledge is required to achieve reference and to decide what kind of information to record about the identified substances. However, the emphasis on external reference may provide the requisite principled way to make this distinction.

Cílem studie je srovnání Platónova a Aristotelova výkladu vlastností těžké a lehké. Nejprve jsou představeny hlavní motivy obou výkladů a poté následuje srovnání z hlediska využití empirických dat, z hlediska jejich explikační síly a také co do blízkosti modernímu pojetí tíže. V závěru se ukazuje, že Aristotelova koncepce těžkého a lehkého je propracovanější a komplexnější, ovšem mnohem stručnější výklad Platónův má také značné explikační možnosti a v určitých ohledech Aristotelovu teorii předčí.

Calcium plays an important role in regulating a great variety of neuronal processes, and many efforts are made to generate gadolinium complexes that can act as calcium-dependent MRI contrast agents. A series of gadolinium chelate complexes based on DO3A were developed, bearing phosphonate groups as an additional coordination sites, which is hypothesized to change relaxivity in magnetic resonance experiments dynamically with Ca2+ concentration. Different lengths of the phosphonate side chains are expected to lead to different binding constants of the phosphonate (...) - gadolinium bonds. The latter property can be exploited for fine-tuning the sensitivity of the agent to calcium ion concentration. (shrink)

The ability of non-invasively observing changes in the Ca2+ concentrations is important in the understanding of a great variety of neuronal processes. Several compounds were designed (Fig.1) to take advantage of the different binding abilities of carboxylates and phosphonates to gadolinium. Furthermore the different affinities of the two functional groups to Ca2+ permit to obtain free coordination sites at gadolinium. The generation of these coordination sites, which are mandatory for water relaxivity, depends on the structure of the complexes and the (...) Ca2+ concentration. Gadolinium complexes 1 and 2 were synthesized and relaxivity studies were performed. (shrink)

Functionally distinct anatomic subdivisions of the brain can often be only a few millimeters in one or more dimensions. The study of metabolic differences in such structures by means of localized in vivo MR spectroscopy is therefore challenging, if not impossible. In fact, the spatial resolution of chemical shift imaging (CSI) in humans is typically in the range of centimeters. The aim of the present study was to optimize 1H CSI in monkeys and demonstrate the feasibility of high spatial resolutions (...) up to 1.4 ؋ 2 ؋ 1.4 mm3. The obtained spatial resolution permitted the segregation of gray and white matter in the visual cortex based on the concentration of different metabolites and neurotrans- mitters like N-acetylaspartate, glutamate, and creatine. Con- centration ratios of white matter versus gray matter tissue as well as between metabolites matched those reported in the literature from healthy human brain, demonstrating the consis- tency and reliability of the procedure. Magn Reson Med 54: 1541–1546, 2005. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc. Key words: in vivo 1H NMR spectroscopy; spectroscopic imag- ing; chemical shift imaging; spatial resolution; monkey visual cortex.. (shrink)