Contemporary research in the field of Foucauldian studies on education have pointed to a growing imbrication between educational practises and neoliberal ideas. The problematization of such scenario would lead to two premises, grounded on a general hypothesis for the analysis of the educational present. The first premise: nowadays, the educational or, to be more precise, educationalizing practises—since they would not deal only with the schooling effort, but also with the diffusion of a great number of pedagogical initiatives of non-formal character—consists (...) in an efficient rationality of governing of oneself and others. The second premise is that such educationalizing movement consists not only in the expression but also in the typical modus operandi of the current governmentalization processes, which aim at a large-scale administration of the multiplicity of populations now in terms of a lifelong educatibility for the citizens. These two premises sustain the hypothesis that the present educational practises do not restrict themselves to the mere condition of reiterative apparatus of imperatives extrinsic to them, but have in fact cemented themselves as a generative locus of the veridiction/subjectivization games capable of overrunning the whole social space. (shrink)

This article analyzes the theme of childhood in the films of Abbas Kiarostami in the context of the 1979 Iranian Revolution, which toppled the secular, modernizing regime of Shah Reza Pahlavi and ended in the establishment of Islamic Republic of Iran under the leadership of Ayatollah Khomeini. It pays special attention to the Institute for the Cultural Development of Children and Adolescents, or Kanun. Founded during the Shah’s regime with the objective of creating educational materials, Kanun played an important role (...) in Iran’s artistic-cultural production, both before and after the Revolution. Its cinema department, where several filmmakers started their careers, became known as the birthplace of New Iranian Cinema. This article examines how six of Kiarostami’s films, produced between 1970 and 1989, discuss the position of children in Iranian society. In particular, it considers the changes wrought by the Revolution and the founding of a new historical subject based on a different framework for childhood. After a discussion of the use of films as a source for research, three framings of childhood in Kiarostami are presented: the child on the margins of society, the child at the center of society, and the child of the Revolution. The article closes by arguing that through narrative experimentation that uses childhood as a vehicle to explore the ideals of the revolutionary process, Kiarostami’s cinema serves as an inflection point for the modalities of veridiction and subjectivation and a peculiar type of ethical-political struggle. (shrink)

Tendo o pensamento foucaultiano como matriz teórica, o artigo visa discutir criticamente a popularização da filosofia e seus efeitos possíveis sobre o lugar social do filósofo. A partir de um mapeamento arqueológico de variadas produções culturais de cunho alegadamente filosófico, tratou-se de analisá-las segundo determinados jogos de veridicção/subjetivação atados a uma racionalidade pedagogizante com pretensões terapêuticas e salvacionistas.

Resumo: O presente estudo consiste em um exame da produção acadêmica brasileira, veiculada em 71 periódicos da área educacional, que se valeu da noção de cuidado de si, tal como abordada por Michel Foucault. Trata-se de 51 artigos produzidos no intervalo dos últimos 18 anos, a partir da publicação no Brasil do curso A hermenêutica do sujeito, em 2004. À moda da composição de um hupomnema, o tratamento do material obedeceu ao procedimento da listagem dos enunciados ali em circulação, com (...) vistas à perspectivação das apropriações da temática. O resultado é um panorama da proliferação de efeitos da referida noção, a sustentar tanto a novidade quanto a permanência em seu emprego pela pesquisa educacional. Ao final, advoga-se em favor da desnaturalização da ideia de sujeito e seus derivados, com vistas a potencializar o cuidado de si como ocasião de interpelação e, quiçá, de dissolução da forma sujeito. Palavras-chave: cuidado de si; Michel Foucault; pesquisa educacional; periódicos educacionais. The care of the self in Brazilian educational research: a problem notion Abstract: This study consists of an examination of the Brazilian academic production, published in 71 journals in the field of education, which made use of the notion of care of the self, as discussed by Michel Foucault. It consists of 51 articles produced in the last 18 years, since the publication in Brazil of the lectures The hermeneutics of the subject, in 2004. In the manner of the composition of a hupomnema, the treatment of the material followed the procedure of listing the statements in circulation, in order to put into perspective the appropriations of the theme. The result is a panorama of the proliferating effects of this notion, supporting both the novelty and the permanence of its use in educational research. In the end, we advocate the denaturalization of the idea of subject and its derivatives, in order to enhance the care of the self as an occasion for interpellation and, perhaps, for the dissolution of the subject form. Keywords: care of the self; Michel Foucault; educational research; educational journals. El cuidado de sí en la investigación educativa brasileña: una noción-problema Resumen: Este estudio consiste en un examen de la producción académica brasileña, publicada en 71 revistas del área educativa, que utilizó la noción de cuidado de sí, tal como la discute Michel Foucault. Se trata de 51 artículos publicados en los últimos 18 años, a partir de la publicación en Brasil del curso La hermenéutica del sujeto, em 2004. A la manera de composición de un hupomnema, el tratamiento del material siguió el procedimiento de enumerar los enunciados en circulación, con vistas a poner en perspectiva las apropiaciones del tema. El resultado es un panorama de los efectos proliferantes de dicha noción, sosteniendo tanto la novedad como la permanencia en su uso por parte de la investigación educativa. Al fin, se aboga por la desnaturalización de la idea de sujeto y sus derivados, con el fin de potenciar el cuidado de sí como ocasión de interpelación y, tal vez, de disolución de la forma sujeto. Palabras clave: cuidado de sí; Michel Foucault; investigación educativa; publicaciones periódicas educativas. Data de registro: 03/07/2022 Data de aceite: 26/10/2022. (shrink)

Crer, experimentar, fabular: ensaio sobre a experiência Resumo: Partindo da concepção deleuziana e deleuzo-guattariana da crença nesse mundo, esse ensaio procurará pensar a temática da experiência dentro do campo educacional. Para tanto, procuraremos pensar o modo como os filósofos Gilles Deleuze e Félix Guattari concebem uma espécie de crença imanente, voltada para a experimentação vital das forças constitutivas do mundo, capaz de ultrapassar os condicionantes transcendentes da experiência. Para a devida compreensão de uma tal crença, devedora daquilo que Deleuze denomina (...) de empirismo transcendental, retomaremos o diálogo travado pelos autores de O que é a Filosofia? com a noção de fabulação preconizada por Henri Bergson. Buscaremos apresentar o modo como se dá a articulação entre os conceitos de fabulação e crença, importante na medida em que permitirá pensarmos uma experiência não condicionada por nenhuma instância transcendente, experiência a qual Deleuze e Deleuze-Guattari denominarão de experimentação. O conceito de experimentação, acreditamos, pode contribuir para as discussões recentes sobre experiência presentes no campo educacional, mormente aquelas empreendias por Jorge Larrosa Bondia e Julio Groppa Aquino. Palavras-chave: Crença imanente; Experiência; Fabulação; Gilles Deleuze e Félix Guattari; Henri Bergson. Believe, experience, fable: an essay about experience Abstract: This article starting from the Deleuzian and Deleuzo-Guattarian conception of belief in this world and will try to think the theme of experience in the educational field. Therefore, we trying to think the way in which the philosophers Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari conceive a kind of immanent belief, focused on the vital experimentation of the constitutive forces of the world and capable of overcoming the transcendent conditions of experience. For the proper understanding of such a belief, indebted to what Deleuze calls transcendental empiricism, we will resume the dialogue carried out by the authors of What is Philosophy? with the notion of fabulation advocated by Henri Bergson. We will present the way in which the concepts of fabulation and belief take place, which is important in that it will allow us to think about an experience that is not conditioned by any transcendent instance, an experience that Deleuze and Deleuze-Guattari will call experimentation. The concept of experimentation, we believe, can contribute to the recent discussions on experience present in the educational field, especially those undertaken by Jorge Larrosa Bondia and Julio Groppa Aquino. Keyword: Immanent believe; Experience; Fable; Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari ; Henri Bergson. Creer, experimentar, fábula: ensayo sobre experiência Resumen: A partir de la concepción Deleuzian y Deleuzo-Guattarian de creencia en este mundo, este ensayo tratará de pensar el tema de la experiencia dentro del campo educativo. Por lo tanto, trataremos de pensar en la forma que los filósofos Gilles Deleuze y Félix Guattari conciben una especie de creencia inmanente, centrada en la experimentación vital de las fuerzas constitutivas del mundo, capaz de superar las condiciones trascendentes de la experiencia. Para la comprensión adecuada de tal creencia, en deuda con lo que Deleuze llama empirismo trascendental, reanudaremos el diálogo llevado a cabo por los autores de ¿Qué es la filosofía? con la noción de fabulación defendida por Henri Bergson. Intentaremos presentar la forma en que tienen lugar los conceptos de fabulación y creencia, lo cual es importante ya que nos permitirá pensar en una experiencia que no está condicionada por ninguna instancia trascendente, una experiencia que Deleuze y Deleuze-Guattari llamarán experimentación. El concepto de experimentación, creemos, puede contribuir a las discusiones recientes sobre la experiencia presente en el campo educativo, especialmente las emprendidas por Jorge Larrosa Bondia y Julio Groppa Aquino. Palabras clave: Creencia imanente; Experiencia; Fábula; Gilles Deleuze y Félix Guattari; Henri Bergson. Data de registro: 29/04/2020 Data de aceite: 22/09/2021. (shrink)

Throughout his work Aquinas is consistent in holding that, about God, we do not know what He is but rather what He is not. We do not have a direct knowledge of divine essence in this life. However, from his De potentia onwards, and in the Summa theologiae , Thomas argues that the names which mean divine perfections –being, goodness, wisdom and the like– are not merely negative or relational terms, but are predicated substantialiter of God. That means they signify (...) the very divine substance, though imperfectly. The paper tries to analyze what type of knowledge this attribution presupposes, and according to this, to what extent his natural theology can be assessed as negative or positive. (shrink)

La doctrtna de Tomás de Aquinorespecto de la delimitación ·entre e! ámbito de lo"natural" - entendiendo por tal la naturaleza"Inferior", esta.. es, e! · ámbito de lo. máterial,corporal y sensible - y el ámbito de lo humanopuede ser reconstruida entres momentos: a) unaintegración inicial dei hombre ai ámbito de lonatural - en particular por la doctrina de launidad esencial de alma y cuerpo; b) una relativaemergencia o trascendencia dei hombre respectodei lo material - en especial por · 1a subsistenciadei alma (...) racional humana y la trascendencia desu fin último; c) una slntesis que marca lacontinuatio entre naturaleza. y hombre, en lamedida en que éste es concebido como "fin detàda la generación". La orientación teleológica dela naturaleza que tiende hacia el hombre, puedeadvertirse en la creciente perfección dei disefiodei orden de las formas naturales, en lascondiciones físicas propias de la corporalidad.humana, y el en proceso generativo dei embriónhumano. En cada caso, ai tender hacia elhombre, la naturaleza busca, en forma mediata,trascenderse a sí misma. (shrink)

O presente artigo trata do caráter contingente ou necessário da relação causal entre a causa primeira e seu efeito, tal como apresentada por Avicena e Tomás de Aquino. Para tanto, aborda o paralelismo no tratamento da inteligência e vontade divinas por parte de ambos os autores. Ambos aceitam que Deus conhece a si mesmo e, conhecendo-se, conhece aquilo que lhe é distinto. Aceitam igualmente que Deus quer ou ama a si mesmo e, querendo a si mesmo, quer acidentalmente o (...) que lhe é distinto. No entanto, discordam com respeito à necessidade ou contingência do mundo. Para Avicena, o mundo é possível em si mesmo, mas “necessário por outro”. Para Tomás, que Deus queira o mundo com necessidade hipotética corresponde mais à necessidade do querer divino, sem que isso determine a contingência ou necessidade do mundo. Com efeito, na visão tomista, é preferível um universo no qual haja mescla de necessidade e contingência, pois isso representa melhor as múltiplas perfeições divinas. (shrink)

El trabajo se ocupa de la concepción acerca de la función y los límites de la enseñanza en el diálogo De magistro de Agustín de Hipona y en la undécima de las Cuestiones disputadas sobre la verdad de Tomás de Aquino. Explorando los límites del lenguaje y de la comunicación, Agustín concluye que el maestro propiamente no enseña, a lo sumo, advierte al discípulo para que pueda reconocer la verdad iluminado por el Maestro Interior. Para Aquino, el maestro (...) propiamente puede enseñar, pero con ello no hace más que asistir al discípulo para que efectúe con su razón el mismo recorrido que hace la razón humana al derivar las conclusiones de la ciencia a partir de los principios del conocimiento humano. A pesar de sus diferencias, ambos coinciden en que la enseñanza es cualquier cosa menos una “transferencia del saber”. (shrink)

El artículo pone de relieve el papel axial del bien común sobrenatural en la doctrina tomista de la legitimidad política. Con el fin de estudiar esa tesis en la Escuela Tomista contemporánea, el autor se centra en el tratamiento del tema de las relaciones entre Iglesia y Estado en la obra de un importante filósofo tomista del siglo XX, Julio Meinvielle (+1973).

Atas do III Colóquio Internacional de Metafísica. [ISBN 978-85-7273-730-2]. Sumário: 1. Prazer, desejo e amor-paixão no texto de Lucrécio, por Antonio Júlio Garcia Freire; 2. Anaximandro: física, metafísica e direito, por Celso Martins Azar Filho; 3. Carta a Guimarães Rosa, por Cícero Cunha Bezerra; 4. Ante ens, non ens: La primacía de La negación em El neoplatonismo medievel, por Claudia D’Amico; 5. Metafísica e neoplatonismo, por David G. Santos; 6. Movimento e tempo no pensamento de Epicuro, por Everton da Silva (...) Rocha; 7. Críticas e elogios de Nietzche a Sócrates, por Fernanda Bulhões; 8. Sobre a Metafísica ou a respeito do jejum, por Gilvan Fogel; 9. A origem estética da ontologia hermenêutica de Luigi Pareyson, por Íris Fátima da Silva; 10. A Natureza da filosofia de Hume, por Jaimir Conte; 11. Logique ET métaphysique, por Jean-Baptiste Jainet; 12. Blaise Pascal: da recusa da metafísica da raison à metafísica do « estudo do homem », por João Emiliano Fotaleza de Aquino; 13. O niilismo no prólogo de Assim Falou Zaratustra. Por José Elielton de Sousa; 14. Presencia;Ausência: de Plotino a Procolo, por José Maria Zamora; 15. A natureza do Eros platônico, por Jovelina Maria Ramos de Souza; 16. Breve comentário acerca da origem da Gelassenheit de Heidegger a partir da mística de mestre Eckkart, por Luiz Fernando Fontes-Teixeira; 17. Humanismo e domesticação em Regras para o parque humano, por Luiz Roberto Alves dos Santos; 18. Contra a teoria de dois mundos na filosofia de Platão (República V 476e-478e), por Marcelo Pimenta Marques; 19. Sensações, impressões, projeções: as afecções do pensamento, por Markus Figueira da Silva; 20. Contribuições à história de uma metáfora: Heidegger e Nicolau de Cusa, por Oscar Federico Bauchwitz; 21. Uma impossibilidade ontológica em Schopenhauer, por Paulo César Oliveira Vasconcelos; 22. Ser e fenômeno: a Fenomenologia como teoria estética da ciência, por Pedro Paulo Coroa; 23. Para que serve a Metafísica de Aristóteles? O exemplo do movimento animal, por Pierre-marie Morel; 24. Contribuições para uma ontologia digital, por Rafael Capurro; 25. O que é o fim da metafísica, por Rodrigo Ribeiro Alves Neto; 26. A Physis na conformação do logos: linguagem e pensamento no corpus epicúreo, por Rodrigo Vidal do Nascimento; 27. O acontecimento de mundo na era da informação, por Soraya Guimarães da Silva; 28. Apofaticismo e abstração em Mark Rothko, por Vanessa Alves de Lacerda Santos. -/- . (shrink)

The notion of monadic three-valued ukasiewicz algebras was introduced by L. Monteiro ([12], [14]) as a generalization of monadic Boolean algebras. A. Monteiro ([9], [10]) and later L. Monteiro and L. Gonzalez Coppola [17] obtained a method for the construction of a three-valued ukasiewicz algebra from a monadic Boolea algebra. In this note we give the construction of a monadic three-valued ukasiewicz algebra from a Boolean algebra B where we have defined two quantification operations and * such that *x=*x (where (...) *x=-*-x). In this case we shall say that and * commutes. If B is finite and is an existential quantifier over B, we shall show how to obtain all the existential quantifiers * which commute with .Taking into account R. Mayet [3] we also construct a monadic three-valued ukasiewicz algebra from a monadic Boolean algebra B and a monadic ideal I of B. (shrink)

Plagiarism and other transgressions of the norms of academic integrity appear to be a persistent problem among upper secondary students. Numerous surveys have revealed high levels of infringement of what appear to be clearly stated rules. Less attention has been given to students’ understanding of academic integrity, and to the potential misconceptions and false beliefs that may make it difficult for them to comply with existing rules and handle complex real-life situations.In this paper we report findings from a survey of (...) European upper secondary students’ views on issues relating to academic integrity. We relate these findings to the students’ training about academic integrity, self-reported level of questionable behavior and country of study.A total of 1654 students at 51 institutions located in 6 European countries participated in the study. The participants generally believed they had a good understanding of the rules applying to them and knew how to behave in compliance with norms of academic integrity. The results indicate, however, that often, in practice, this belief was mistaken. Many students had an inadequate understanding of core elements of academic integrity. They were uncertain about how to act, and they struggled in the handling of complex situations that require context-sensitive judgement. While some differences between countries were identified, they were modest and exhibited no clear pattern. Our results also suggest that reducing students’ level of uncertainty and, to a lesser degree, improving their level of knowledge could lead them to engage less in certain types of questionable behaviours. Surprisingly, the effect of academic training is modest and ambiguous. The study also confirms that perception of peer behaviour has the strongest association with student engagement in questionable behaviours. Thus, academic integrity at the upper secondary level cannot be explained simply in terms of individual ethics or knowledge. (shrink)

Because a large number of molecular mechanisms involved in gene regulation have been described during the last decades, it is now becoming possible to address questions about the global structure of gene regulatory networks, at least in the case of some of the best-characterized organisms.This paper presents a global characterization of the transcriptional regulation in Escherichiacoli on the basis of the current data. The connectivity of the corresponding network was evaluated by analyzing the distribution of the number of genes regulated (...) by a given regulatory protein, and the distribution of the number of regulatory genes regulating a given regulated gene. The mean connectivity found (between 2 and 3) shows a rather loosely interconnected structure. Special emphasis is given to circular sequences of interactions (“circuits”) because of their critical dynamical properties. Only one-element circuits were found, in which negative autoregulation is the dominant architecture. These global properties are discussed in light of several pertinent theoretical approaches, as well as in terms of physiological and evolutionary considerations. BioEssays 20:433–440, 1998. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons Inc. (shrink)

This study aimed to determine the predictive character of organizational socialization and occupational positive mental health on organizational commitment in higher education teachers. A sample of 279 teachers from higher education institutions who signed an informed consent form was used. Fifty-four point five percent of the participants were women, with a mean age of 44.05 years. The participants completed the Organizational Socialization Inventory, the Positive Occupational Mental Health Questionnaire and the Organizational Commitment Scale, and for data analysis descriptive statistics, correlation (...) analysis and multiple linear regression with stepwise method were applied, entering each dimension of organizational commitment separately as a dependent variable. As a result, moderate to weak correlations were identified between the study variables, and it was found that the final models indicate that the future perspectives and socio-affective dimensions predict affective commitment by 38%; that future perspectives, spirituality and age predict normative commitment by 22.8%; and that the future perspectives dimension predicts commitment of continuity by 9.2%. It is concluded that teachers’ expectations about their development in the institution, as well as their interactions at the socio-affective and spiritual level with the work context, are factors that partially influence their attachment to the educational organization. (shrink)

This article explores the common points and the differences between Hans Kelsen’s and Robert Alexy’s application theories. Although Kelsen subscribed to moral relativism and denied the idea of a practical reason, while Alexy criticised moral relativism and defended the idea of a communicative reason, it is argued that the two theories share important common features, such as denying that interpretation can point one single answer as the right one and acknowledging that interpretation is comprised by both knowledge and will. The (...) article acknowledges that there are differences between both theories, analyses whether these differences are qualitative or quantitative and, in the end, concludes that between the two theories there is not disruption, as one might believe, but rather continuity. (shrink)

Este libro trata de moral social, pero no es un tratado sobre la materia. Sí afronta cuestiones como la globalización, los derechos humanos, la caridad, la justicia social, la solidaridad, la opción por los pobres, la ecología, la investigación social o la cultura de la virtualidad real. Y lo hace siempre buscando la clave de la espiritualidad que alimenta y sostiene las opciones cristianas ante tales asuntos. En el tratamiento de esos temas, las encíclicas del Papa Benedicto XVI Deus caritas (...) est y Caritas in veritate ocupan un lugar especialmente destacado, y en la construcción del hogar espiritual de la moral social cuenta sobre todo con la espiritualidad ignaciana y los Ejercicios Espirituales. Si el Concilio Trento puso las bases para la separación entre moral y espiritualidad, el Vaticano II recuperó la relación entre ambas. Desde planteamientos como la llamada universal a la santidad o la tarea de la moral de «mostrar la excelencia de la vocación de los fieles en Cristo y su obligación de producir frutos en la caridad para la vida del mundo», carece de sentido pensar que la Teología espiritual tiene que estudiar el comportamiento positivo de los fieles, relacionado con la gracia de Dios, y que la Teología moral debe centrarse en el comportamiento negativo, asociado a la ley, las normas y el pecado. Al contrario, la vida moral es también expresión práctica de la gracia divina actuando en cada persona, y por eso necesita conectarse con la dimensión teologal y espiritual de horizonte de sentido, donde se alimentan las motivaciones y actitudes básicas. Por su parte, la espiritualidad ha de encontrar los cauces adecuados para interpretar y expresar el compromiso intramundano. Ambas perspectivas son constitutivas y esenciales de la vida y la existencia teologal de las comunidades y de cada uno de los cristianos, y permitir que se encuentren y «conspiren» es una obligación irrenunciable a la que también deben ayudar los teólogos. En eso está esta sencilla obra. JULIO L. MARTÍNEZ, jesuita, es profesor de Teología moral en la Universidad Pontificia Comillas, donde actualmente desempeña además el cargo de Vicerrector de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación, y antes fue director de la Cátedra de Bioética y del Instituto de Estudios sobre Migraciones. Su campo de investigación tiene como foco la religión en la vida pública. En esa materia ha escrito sus principales libros, entre los que destacan Consenso público y moral social, Ciudadanía, migraciones y religión y Libertad religiosa y dignidad humana, así como buena parte de sus abundantes artículos. (shrink)

This article presents the analysis of the main Spanish political candidates for the elections to be held on April 2019. The analysis focuses on the Facial Expression Analysis, a technique widely used in neuromarketing research. It allows to identify the micro-expressions that are very brief, involuntary. They are signals of hidden emotions that cannot be controlled voluntarily. The video with the final interventions of every candidate has been post-processed using the classification algorithms given by the iMotions's AFFDEX platform. We have (...) then analyzed these data. Firstly, we have identified and compare the basic emotions showed by each politician. Second, we have associated the basic emotions with specific moments of the candidate's speech, identifying the topics they address and relating them directly to the expressed emotion. Third, we have analyzed whether the differences shown by each candidate in every emotion are statistically significant. In this sense, we have applied the non-parametric chi-squared goodness-of-fit test. We have also considered the ANOVA analysis in order to test whether, on average, there are differences between the candidates. Finally, we have checked if there is consistency between the results provided by different surveys from the main media in Spain regarding the evaluation of the debate and those obtained in our empirical analysis. A predominance of negative emotions has been observed. Some inconsistencies were found between the emotion expressed in the facial expression and the verbal content of the message. Also, evidences got from statistical analysis confirm that the differences observed between the various candidates with respect to the basic emotions, on average, are statistically significant. In this sense, this article provides a methodological contribution to the analysis of the public figures' communication, which could help politicians to improve the effectiveness of their messages identifying and evaluating the intensity of the expressed emotions. (shrink)

Inauguration speech at chair number 18 of the Brasilian Academy of Philosophy.

La Universidad de París en la Europa de finales del siglo XIII fue centro de acaloradas discusiones acerca del alma del hombre. La cuestión del alma es el punto doctrinal central y se muestra decisivo porque en la resolución de este único punto puede verse el trasfondo antropológico y metafísico de toda una cosmovisión filosófica e incluso teológica del universo. Una de las más problemáticas cuestiones que se plantearon acerca del alma es el problema de la unidad del intelecto para (...) todos los hombres. Parecería contradictorio pensar que todos los hombres piensan con un único intelecto, pero a su vez suena absurdo afirmar que un principio espiritual, inmaterial, se una a un cuerpo por un tiempo determinado para luego separarse. Ambas posiciones surgen de la consideración de nuevos textos llegados a las manos de los pensadores parisinos a través de autores árabes: los textos del De anima de Aristóteles. (shrink)

This article discusses some continuous limit cases of Susan Haack’s crossword puzzle metaphor for the coherent development and foundation of science. The main objective of this discussion is to build a bridge between Haack’s foundherentism and the epistemological framework of objective cognitive constructivism, including its key metaphor of objects as tokens for eigen-solutions. The historical development of chemical affinity tables is used to illustrate our arguments.

In this article, we discuss some issues concerning magical thinking—forms of thought and association mechanisms characteristic of early stages of mental development. We also examine good reasons for having an ambivalent attitude concerning the later permanence in life of these archaic forms of association, and the coexistence of such intuitive but informal thinking with logical and rigorous reasoning. At the one hand, magical thinking seems to serve the creative mind, working as a natural vehicle for new ideas and innovative insights, (...) and giving form to heuristic arguments. At the other hand, it is inherently difficult to control, lacking effective mechanisms needed for rigorous manipulation. Our discussion is illustrated with many examples from the Hebrew Bible, and some final examples from modern science. (shrink)

Although logical consistency is desirable in scientific research, standard statistical hypothesis tests are typically logically inconsistent. To address this issue, previous work introduced agnostic hypothesis tests and proved that they can be logically consistent while retaining statistical optimality properties. This article characterizes the credal modalities in agnostic hypothesis tests and uses the hexagon of oppositions to explain the logical relations between these modalities. Geometric solids that are composed of hexagons of oppositions illustrate the conditions for these modalities to be logically (...) consistent. Prisms composed of hexagons of oppositions show how the credal modalities obtained from two agnostic tests vary according to their threshold values. Nested hexagons of oppositions summarize logical relations between the credal modalities in these tests and prove new relations. (shrink)

This article explores the metaphor of Science as provider of sharp images of our environment, using the epistemological framework of Objective Cognitive Constructivism. These sharp images are conveyed by precise scientific hypotheses that, in turn, are encoded by mathematical equations. Furthermore, this article describes how such knowledge is pro-duced by a cyclic and recursive development, perfection and reinforcement process, leading to the emergence of eigen-solutions characterized by the four essential properties of precision, stability, separability and composability. Finally, this article discusses (...) the role played by ontology and metaphysics in the scientific production process, and in which sense the resulting knowledge can be considered objective. (shrink)

Scheinerman (2023) proposes that at the Human Genome Editing Initiative international summit (held in March 2023) there should have been a parallel, separate Citizens’ Jury, and that the Human Geno...

Despite several positive features, such as extensive theoretical and empirical scope, aspects of Levelt, Roelofs & Meyer 's theory can be challenged on theoretical grounds and empirical grounds.

This paper investigates some classical oppositional categories, like synthetic vs. analytic, posterior vs. prior, imagination vs. grammar, metaphor vs. hermeneutics, metaphysics vs. observation, innovation vs. routine, and image vs. sound, and the role they play in epistemology and philosophy of science. The epistemological framework of objective cognitive constructivism is of special interest in these investigations. Oppositional relations are formally represented using algebraic lattice structures like the cube and the hexagon of opposition, with applications in the contexts of modern color theory, (...) Kantian philosophy, Jungian psychology, and linguistics. (shrink)

In this article, we discuss some issues concerning magical thinking—forms of thought and association mechanisms characteristic of early stages of mental development. We also examine good reasons for having an ambivalent attitude concerning the later permanence in life of these archaic forms of association, and the coexistence of such intuitive but informal thinking with logical and rigorous reasoning. At the one hand, magical thinking seems to serve the creative mind, working as a natural vehicle for new ideas and innovative insights, (...) and giving form to heuristic arguments. At the other hand, it is inherently difficult to control, lacking effective mechanisms needed for rigorous manipulation. Our discussion is illustrated with many examples from the Hebrew Bible, and some final examples from modern science. (shrink)

This article considers distinct ways of understanding the world, referred to in psychology as functions of consciousness or as cognitive modes, having as the scope of interest epistemology and natural sciences. Inspired by C.G. Jung’s simile of the spectrum, we consider three basic cognitive modes associated to: (R) embodied instinct, experience, and action; (G) reality perception and learning; and (B) concept abstraction, rational thinking, and language. RGB stand for the primary colors: red, green, and blue. Accordingly, a conceptual map between (...) cognitive modes and primary and secondary colors is built based on the physics and physiology of color perception and epistemological characteristics of the aforementioned cognitive modes, leading to logical relations structured as an hexagon of opposition. Finally, this model of cognitive modes is applied to the analysis and interpretation of some important episodes in the historical development of physics and technology. (shrink)

This paper investigates some classical oppositional categories, like synthetic versus analytic, posterior versus prior, imagination versus grammar, metaphor versus hermeneutics, metaphysics versus observation, innovation versus routine, and image versus sound, and the role they play in epistemology and philosophy of science. The epistemological framework of _objective cognitive constructivism_ is of special interest in these investigations. Oppositional relations are formally represented using algebraic lattice structures like the cube and the hexagon of opposition, with applications in the contexts of modern color theory, (...) Kantian philosophy, Jungian psychology, and linguistics. (shrink)

Conceptual congruency effects are biases induced by an irrelevant conceptual dimension of a task (e.g., location in vertical space) on the processing of another, relevant dimension (e.g., judging words’ emotional evaluation). Such effects are a central empirical pillar for recent views about how the mind/brain represents concepts. In the present paper, we show how attentional cueing (both exogenous and endogenous) to each conceptual dimension succeeds in modifying both the manifestation and the symmetry of the effect. The theoretical implications of this (...) finding are discussed. (shrink)

According to the orthodox or humanist conception of human rights, individuals have a moral duty to promote the universal realization of human rights. However, advocates of this account express the implications of this duty in extremely vague terms. What does it mean when we say that we must promote human rights satisfaction? Does it mean that we must devote a considerable amount of our time and resources to this task? Does it mean, instead, that we must make occasional donations to (...) charities working to advance human rights realization? In this essay, I argue that this duty can only be constructed as imperfect. This means that it confers agent-relative discretion on us to decide when, how, and to what extent to advance the human rights of others. It also means that it is neither correlative with rights nor enforceable. As I will explain, the main reason for this is that any attempt to construct it as a perfect duty would infringe the dignity of the potential duty bearers and thereby undermine the very values that human rights practice aspires to serve. Finally, I will conclude by providing some guidelines for those who wish to comply with their imperfect duties to improve the situation of those whose human rights are in peril. (shrink)

This article discusses the mathematizing of the chemical periodic system as a grid, which leads to a quadratic function or “binódica function” formed by pairs of periods or binodos. We describe the periodic law as an increasing function of the principal quantum number. It works subject to the dialectical laws that generate; first: gradual quantitative changes:, with “duplication” of periods:. Second: radical quantitative changes:, with the emergence of new quantum transitions, growth and a change in the format of the binodos. (...) We use analytical and graphic methods to mathematize Mendeleev’s law, making the size of the binodos and the continuous series depend on the number of the binode, which is the same quantum number. Likewise, we show a graphic representation, in 2D, of a continuous and self-similar spiral function of the elements, in a geometric growth pattern. (shrink)