Nos proponemos pensar una teoría de la acción implícita en la filosofía deleuziana del espacio. El concepto de profundidad, en el que se despliega el carácter de la intensidad como afirmación de la diferencia, funciona como presupuesto de esta teoría. A partir de dos textos de Ruyer y Simondon mencionados por Deleuze, los afectos aparecen como expresión de aquella dimensión espacial en el sujeto. La profundidad se articula a su vez con las síntesis temporales en un recorrido que encuentra en (...) la noción de pliegue el concepto adecuado para pensar un sujeto de la acción alternativo al yo sustancial. (shrink)

This article aims to comprehend Kierkegaard’s theory of the movement of faith through Deleuze’s theory of becoming. At the same time, it aims to understand Deleuze’s theory of becoming in the light of Kierkegaard’s thought, mainly through his reflections on Abraham and the concept of anxiety. It will show the way in which the conceptual character of the knight of faith works as a possible variation of one of the most original concepts of Deleuze’s work: the becoming-imperceptible. This crossing of (...) concepts allows us to shed light on the problem of thinking a theory of the subject that takes into account the intensive movements that escape the logic of representation; and also the deleuzian search for a renewal of philosophical ways of expression. (shrink)

Resumen Este artículo propone una lectura del concepto de lo Natal desde la perspectiva de la ontología de Diferencia y repetición. El estudio de los rasgos ontológicos que esa noción ofrece, en especial en Mil mesetas, arroja una nueva luz sobre el aspecto intensivo de la teoría deleuziana del fundamento. En este sentido, el concepto de lo Natal se vincula especialmente con los conceptos de profundidad y campo de individuación. La consideración conjunta de estas nociones permite postular la novedad de (...) la teoría deleuziana del fundamento en relación con la tradición de la metafísica occidental, que se expresa en el hecho de que el fundamento se presenta como ámbito de la individuación, el devenir y la multiplicidad. En última instancia, el fundamento se ve superado hacia un sin-fondo.This article proposes a reading of the concept of The Natal in the light of the ontology of Difference and repetition. The study of the ontological aspects of this notion in A thousand plateaus brings a new light to the intensive aspect of Deleuze's theory of ground. In this sense, the concept of The Natal is linked with the concepts of depth and field of individuation. The bond between these concepts puts forth the novelty of Deleuze's theory of ground in relation to the tradition of Western metaphysics, expressed in the fact that the ground is presented as a realm of individuation, becoming and multiplicity. The ground is ultimately overcome by an ungrounding. (shrink)

ABSTRACT This essay will explore the constitution of a transcendental theory of space through an examination of the notion of spatial synthesis in the works of Husserl, Paliard, and Deleuze. First, we shall explore the constitution of the sensorial fields in Husserl’s phenomenology. In Husserlian terms, space is not originally an empty form that can eventually be filled with a certain empirical content. Accordingly, the philosopher claims that spatiality is a consequence of the immanent synthesis of sensations. Then, we will (...) move on to Jacques Paliard’s psychology of perception, where we will find both aesthetic and noetic synthesis as transcendental conditions for the perception of space. Lastly, we will explore Deleuze’s theory of intensive space, specifically the concept of depth developed in a dialogue with Paliard. This comparative analysis shows that purely intensive fields of individuation are a transcendental a priori for the perception of an extensive space. (shrink)

Resumen: El artículo propone una lectura de la meseta “10000 AC. La geología de la moral ” desde el punto de vista de una ontología del espacio. Nos concentraremos específicamente en el concepto de estrato. En los primeros dos apartados se mostrará que todo estrato supone aspectos materiales y semióticos. Para ello se explicitarán algunos conceptos de la geología y de la lingüística utilizados por Deleuze y Guattari. Los apartados 3, 4 y 5 se ocuparán, sucesivamente, de los conceptos de (...) substrato, epistrato y paraestrato. En la articulación de estos conceptos se juegan tres aspectos fundamentales para pensar la configuración de todo espacio actual: la territorialización, la desterritorialización relativa y la codificación/descodificación. Esta tipología de estratos da cuenta de lo diverso espacial y será estudiada a partir de algunas de las fuentes utilizadas por los autores. Se hará un énfasis especial en la obra de Pia Laviosa Zambotti, fuente crucial para comprender la tipología de estratos, como así también en ciertos aspectos del pensamiento de Jacques Monod y Jakob Von Uexküll, claves para pensar el concepto de mundo circundante en la determinación de la noción de paraestrato. Palabras clave: Estrato; Geología de la moral; Codificación; Territorialización; Espacio: The article proposes a reading of the chapter “10000 BC. The Geology of Morals ” from the perspective of an ontology of space. We will deal specifically with the concept of stratum. In the first and second paragraphs we will show that every strate is composed of both material and semiotic aspects. In order to do so we will develop some notions of geology and lingüistics used by the authors. Then, paragraphs 3, 4 and 5 will deal, succesivelly, with the concepts of substratum, epistratum and paraestratum. Three fundamental aspects of actual space are configured in the articulation of these three concepts: territorialization, relative deterritorialization and codification/decodification. This tipology of strates gives an account of spatial diversity and it will be studied through some of the sources utilized by Deleuze and Guattari. The thought of Pia Laviosa Zambotti will receive special attention since her work is an essential source of the tipology of strates. Some aspects of the thoughts of Jacques Monod and Jakob Von Uexküll will also be taken into account, especially those concerning the concept of umwelt and paraestratum. Key Words: Stratum; Geology of morals; Codification; Territorialization; Space. (shrink)

In Différence et répétition, the transcendental field is presented through the concepts of Idea and intensity. A lot has been said about these concepts, but the relation between them is still a subject of dispute. In this article we aim to shed light upon this knot. First, we will show that intensity is actual, and not virtual nor intermediate like some interpretations suggest. In this point, our reading of the book from 1968 is complemented with Le pli. Leibniz et le (...) Baroque, to show that the actual status of intensity remains the same in the late works of Deleuze. Then, we will explore the relation between intensity and the three characters of the Idea and with the dramatization commanding actualization. After that, the bond between Idea and intensity will be thought through the problem of expression. This results, at last, in a complex articulation between these two planes from the point of view of their order of constitution. In this point, it will be key to put together concepts from both Différence et répétition and Logique du sens. (shrink)

El presente artículo intenta estudiar la concepción del mundo que subyace a la modernidad política peruana. Según nuestro punto de vista, esta concepción del mundo está caracterizada por lo que llamaremos ethos barroco. Aunque no es la única, su manifestación más importante es el fenómeno de la corrupción, desarrollado en el marco de la relación entre una forma de pensar y una forma de actuar: la utopía (derivada de una visión fantasiosa de la sociedad) y la anomia (resultado del incumplimiento (...) de las normas sociales). En este sentido, queremos mostrar la paradójica doble relación entre ambos elementos, consistente, por un lado, en la contradicción discursiva entre el pensamiento utópico y la anomia política, y, por otro lado, en su articulación complementaria en el fenómeno de la corrupción. Debido a esta enigmática y compleja relación, en el Perú se ha instaurado un Estado que promueve la anomia y una Constitución que carece de legitimidad, en lugar de un verdadero Estado de Derecho. (shrink)

This paper deals with intercultural aspects of privacy, particularly with regard to differences between Japanese and Western conceptions. It starts with a reconstruction of the genealogy of Western subjectivity and human dignity as the basic assumptions underlying Western views on privacy. An analysis of the Western concept of informational privacy is presented. The Japanese topic of ‘‘denial of self” (Musi) as well as the concepts of Seken, Shakai and Ikai (as analyzed by the authors of the companion piece on privacy (...) in Japan) give rise to intercultural comparisons. The paper addresses the question of privacy in cyberspace and mass media. Finally the question of freedom of speech is related to the Japanese concepts of Ohyake and Watakusi. (shrink)

The paper presents, firstly, a brief review of the long history\nof information ethics beginning with the Greek concept of parrhesia\nor freedom of speech as analyzed by Michel Foucault. The recent concept\nof information ethics is related particularly to problems which arose\nin the last century with the development of computer technology and\nthe internet. A broader concept of information ethics as dealing\nwith the digital reconstruction of all possible phenomena leads to\nquestions relating to digital ontology. Following Heidegger{\textquoteright}s\nconception of the relation between ontology and metaphysics, (...) the\nauthor argues that ontology has to do with Being itself and not just\nwith the Being of beings which is the matter of metaphysics. The\nprimary aim of an ontological foundation of information ethics is\nto question the metaphysical ambitions of digital ontology understood\nas today{\textquoteright}s pervading understanding of Being. The\nauthor analyzes some challenges of digital technology, particularly\nwith regard to the moral status of digital agents. The author argues\nthat information ethics does not only deal with ethical questions\nrelating to the infosphere. This view is contrasted with arguments\npresented by Luciano Floridi on the foundation of information ethics\nas well as on the moral status of digital agents. It is argued that\na reductionist view of the human body as digital data overlooks the\nlimits of digital ontology and gives up one basis for ethical orientation.\nFinally issues related to the digital divide as well as to intercultural\naspects of information ethics are explored {\textendash} and long\nand short-term agendas for appropriate responses are presented. (shrink)

En este trabajo se presentan cinco grandes desafíos de la teoría de los derechos: el poder de los derechos, la satisfacción de los derechos evidentes, la regulación de las tecnologías disruptivas, la vulnerabilidad y la discriminación y la formación y concienciación.

Resumen El objetivo fundamental de este artículo es el de analizar la representación que realiza la filósofa española María Zambrano del mito de Antígona y proyectarla en los debates contemporáneos en torno a la recuperación de los cuerpos de víctimas humanas en contextos post-violencia. Más allá del entramado lingüístico mítico-religioso en el que La tumba de Antígona parece situarse, desentrañaremos los diferentes estratos semánticos y filosóficos subyacentes a la relectura que Zambrano propone de la heroína tebana. Ello nos permitirá destacar (...) la potencialidad política subversiva del gesto de Antígona al abarcar a sujetos históricos tradicionalmente marginados del espacio público. Abstract This article aims to analyzing and projecting María Zambrano's representation of Antigone’s myth within contemporary debates about the recovery of the bodies of human victims in post-violence contexts. Beyond the mythic-religious framework in which The Tomb of Antigone seems to be located, it will be unraveled the different semantic and philosophical layers underlying Zambrano's re-reading of the Theban heroine. This will pave the way towards highlighting the subversive political potential of Antigone's gesture by embracing historical subjects traditionally marginalized from the public space. (shrink)

The purpose of this paper is to address some of the questions on the notion of agent and agency in relation to property and personhood. I argue that following the Kantian criticism of Aristotelian metaphysics, contemporary biotechnology and information and communication technologies bring about a new challenge—this time, with regard to the Kantian moral subject understood in the subject’s unique metaphysical qualities of dignity and autonomy. The concept of human dignity underlies the foundation of many democratic systems, particularly in Europe (...) as well as of international treaties, including the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Digital agents, artificial organisms as well as new capabilities of the human agents related to their embeddedness in digital and biotechnological environments bring about an important transformation of the human self-appraisal. A critical comparative reflection of this transformation is important because of its ethical implications. I deal first with the concept of agent within the framework of Aristotelian philosophy, which is the basis for further theories in accordance with and/or in opposition to it, particularly since modernity. In the second part of this paper, I deal with the concept of personhood in Kantian philosophy, which supersedes the Aristotelian metaphysics of substance and builds the basis of a metaphysics of the moral human subject. In the third part, I discuss the question of artificial agents arising from modern biology and ICT. Blurring the difference between the human and the natural and/or artificial opens a “new space” for philosophical reflection as well as for debate in law and practical policy. (shrink)

The paper presents a critical appraisal of Floridi’s metaphysical foundation of information ecology. It highlights some of the issues raised by Floridi with regard to the axiological status of the objects in the “infosphere,” the moral status of artificial agents, and Floridi’s foundation of information ethics as information ecology. I further criticise the ontological conception of value as a first order category. I suggest that a weakening of Floridi’s demiurgic information ecology is needed in order not to forget the limitations (...) of human actors and/or of their surrogates, digital agents. I plea for a rational theoretical and practical view of such agents beyond utopian reasoning with regard to their potential moral status. (shrink)

En este artículo me propongo analizar dos aspectos, a menudo obviados, de la teoría kantiana del conocimiento. Se trata de la teoría del dar por verdadero y de su conexión con las hipótesis. En una primera aproximación intentaré precisar qué distingue a la opinión de otros modos de dar por verdadero como lo son el saber y la creencia. En segundo lugar, habiendo dado debida cuenta de qué son las opiniones, intentaré explicar por qué Kant considera que las hipótesis son (...) opiniones. En tercer y último lugar, pondré de manifiesto qué entiende Kant por hipótesis y de qué tipo de inferencia tiene en mente cuando habla de éstas. (shrink)

The first aim is to provide well-articulated concepts by thinking through elementary phenomena of today s world, focusing on privacy and the digital, to clarify who we are in the cyberworld hence a phenomenology of digital whoness. The second aim is to engage critically, hermeneutically with older and current literature on privacy, including in today s emerging cyberworld. Phenomenological results include concepts of i) self-identity through interplay with the world, ii) personal privacy in contradistinction to the privacy of private property, (...) iii) the cyberworld as an artificial, digital dimension in order to discuss iv) what freedom in the cyberworld can mean, whilst not neglecting v) intercultural aspects and vi) the EU context.". (shrink)

O tema da corrupção pode ser pensado nas mais diversas chaves de leitura: no âmbito político, de degeneração dos governos, no território dos humores, no vocabulário de Maquiavel, e também no campo da vontade e das paixões, na terminologia rousseauísta. Nos interessa, nesta comunicação, discutir isto que está situado nas duas últimas áreas.

En este trabajo se pretenden mostrar algunas similitudes entre el planteamiento metafísico de Suárez y el desarrollado por Kant en sus lecciones de metafísica. En particular, se busca mostrar cómo ambos autores pensaron los conceptos de unidad discreta y continua. El objetivo de este trabajo es encontrar ciertos puntos de acuerdo en lo que concierne al tratamiento de la unidad en el pensamiento de ambos autores. Esos puntos serán, por un lado, la íntima conexión entre los conceptos de discreto y (...) continuo, así como, por otro lado, la relevancia que tiene la acción del entendimiento en el establecimiento de dicha pareja de conceptos. (shrink)

La Inteligencia Artificial tiene implicaciones significativas para los derechos humanos, tanto en términos de desafíos como de oportunidades. Por eso los derechos están presentes en las declaraciones y propuestas sobre su regulación. Sin embargo, esta presencia tiene que enfrentarse a algunos problemas. Uno de ellos es el de la determinación de qué significa el enfoque de derechos humanos. Este trabajo pretende dar luz sobre esta cuestión.

Researchers studying health systems in low-income countries face a myriad of ethical challenges throughout the entire research process. In this article, we discuss one of the greatest ethical challenges that we encountered during our fieldwork in West Africa: the difficulty of protecting the confidentiality of participants while locally disseminating results of health systems research to stakeholders. This reflection is based on experiences of authors involved in conducting evaluative research of interventions aimed at improving health systems in West Africa. Our observation (...) and collaboration with the research projects’ stakeholders informed our analysis. Examples from two research projects illustrate the issues raised. We found that in some cases there is a risk that local stakeholders may be able to identify research participants, or at least groups of participants, during the dissemination of results, even if they are anonymized. Four factors can interact and influence this challenge: 1) hierarchical structure, 2) small milieu, 3) immersion in a few sites, and 4) vested interests of decision-makers. For example, local stakeholders can sometimes find out when and where the data were collected. Moreover, health systems, especially rural healthcare centres, in West African countries can be small settings, so people often know each other. Some types of participants have unique characteristics or positions in the health system that may make them more easily identifiable by local stakeholders familiar with the environment. We identified a number of potential strategies that can help researchers minimize this difficulty and improve ethical research practices. These strategies pertain to the development of the study design, the process of obtaining informed consent, the dissemination of results, and the researchers’ reflexivity. Researchers must develop and adopt strategies that enable them to respect their promise of confidentiality while effectively disseminating sometimes sensitive results. Reflections surrounding ethical issues in global health research should be deepened to better address how to manage competing ethical responsibilities while promoting valuable research uptake. (shrink)

Deepfakes are highly realistic, albeit fake, audiovisual contents created with AI. This technology allows the use of deceptive audiovisual material that can impersonate someone’s identity to erode their reputation or manipulate the audience. Deepfakes are also one of the applications of AI that can be used in cultural industries and even to produce works of art. On the one hand, it is important to clarify whether deepfakes in arts and culture are free from the ethical dangers mentioned above. On the (...) other hand, there are specific ethical issues in this field of application. Deepfake technologies can be used to include the performance of deceased persons in audiovisual materials for the dissemination of cultural heritage, and to generate images or sounds in the style of real authors, but deepfakes are also potentially misleading by blurring the boundary between artwork and reality, and raise questions about the relationship between technology, artificial creativity and authorship. The answer to these problems requires an analysis of the normative foundations of copyright to accommodate the new role of AI. (shrink)

It is generally assumed that compatibility with special relativity is guaranteed by the invariance of the fundamental equations of quantum physics under Lorentz transformations and the impossibility of transferring energy or information faster than the speed of light. Despite this, various contradictions persist, which make us suspect the solidity of that compatibility. This paper focuses on collapse theories—although they are not the only way of interpreting quantum theory—in order to examine what seems to be insurmountable difficulties we encounter when trying (...) to construct a space–time picture of such typically quantum processes as state vector reduction or the non-separability of entangled systems. The inescapable nature of such difficulties suggests the need to go further in the search for new formulations that surpass our current conceptions of matter and space–time. (shrink)

The paper addresses severalethical issues in online communication researchin light of digital ontology as well as theepistemological questions raised by theblurring boundary between fact and theory inthis field. The concept of ontology is used ina Heideggerian sense as related to the humancapacity of world construction on the basis ofthe givenness of our being-in-the-world.Ethical dilemmas of Internet research thusarise from the tension between bodily existenceand the proper object of research, i.e., onlineexistence. The following issues are beingconsidered: online identity, online language,online consent (...) and confidentiality. We alsoargue that research ethics in the US followsthe utilitarian tradition, while Europeanresearchers are deontologically oriented. Aguideline of best practice in online researchethics is proposed. (shrink)

This paper addresses the general problem of how to rationally choose an algorithm for phylogenetic inference. Specifically, the controversy between maximum likelihood (ML) and maximum parsimony (MP) perspectives is reframed within the philosophical issue of theory choice. A Kuhnian approach in which rationality is bounded and value-laden is offered and construed through the notion of a Style of Modeling. A Style is divided into four stages: collecting remnant models, constructing models of taxonomical identity, implementing modeling algorithms, and finally inferring and (...) confirming evolutionary trees or cladograms. The identification and investigation of styles is useful for exploring sociological and epistemological issues such as individuating scientific communities and assessing the rationality of algorithm choice. Regarding the last point, this paper suggests that the values motivating ML and MP perspectives are justified but only contextually; these algorithms also have normative force because they can be therapeutic by allowing us to rationally choose among several competing trees, nonetheless this force is limited and cannot be used in order to decide the controversy tout court. (shrink)

Este ensayo aborda uno de los debates más álgidos del feminismo contemporáneo, a saber, la disputa entre quienes abogan por el reconocimiento de las identidades trans mediante la autodeterminación del género y quienes sostienen que esto último representa una amenaza para los marcos jurídicos imperantes. En este texto reconstruyo ambas concepciones empleando las herramientas de la metafísica analítica y los estudios de género. Distingo así entre la identidad materialmente fundamentada y la identidad nomenclatural autoadscriptiva. El objetivo central, más allá de (...) ofrecer esta caracterización, es examinar cuál de estas concepciones es más compatible con una concepción de la justicia que ponga en el centro las libertades de los individuos. (shrink)

Este artigo apresenta a diferenciação do conceito de poder no pensamento de Jürgen Habermas em duas obras. Na primeira, a Teoria da ação comunicativa, o autor introduz uma concepção de poder reduzida à ação racional com respeito a fins, enquanto, na segunda, Facticidade e Validade, Habermas introduz um conceito de poder comunicativo, em oposição ao poder administrativo.A apresentação dessa diferenciação indica uma abertura da própria ideia de ação comunicativa para a política e para os princípios do Estado de direito. Na (...) medida em que o procedimentalismo e o uso público da razão implicam constantes disputas que envolvem comunicação e poder, Habermas apresenta o poder comunicativo com potências radicalmente democráticas. O conceito fornece bases para a esfera pública influenciar politicamente o sistema político por meio de um modelo extraordinário de circulação do poder político nos processos deliberativos. (shrink)

Este artigo apresenta de forma resumida a complexa historia da noção de informação na tradução greco-romana, medieval e moderna. A partir da etimologia latina dessa noção e de suas raízes nos conceitos gregos de eidos / ideia e morphé se mostra como a noção de informação no seu conceito ontológico (‘dar forma a algo’) perde sua relevância na modernidade, mantendo-se o sentido de ‘dizer algo a alguém’. As teorias da informação no século XX apoiadas na concepção de sistemas técnicos de (...) transmissão de mensagens dão lugar a um renascimento da noção objetiva de informação, mas em um marco diferente a da filosofia clássica pré-moderna. Partindo da relação entre os conceitos de informação e de mensagem se apresentam possíveis caminhos para a noção de informação fundamentada em uma teoria de mensagens. (shrink)

En este trabajo me propongo mostrar, en primer lugar, una interpretación de la distinción kantiana entre juicio de percepción y juicio de experiencia. Posteriormente reconstruiré el proceso de síntesis categorial e intentaré explicar qué papel juegan en dicha acción los conceptos empíricos. En definitiva, la tesis que se va a defender es que en el nivel de constitución de la experiencia tanto los conceptos empíricos como los juicios de percepción hacen posible la síntesis objetiva y, al mismo tiempo, ésta provee (...) a los conceptos involucrados en dicha síntesis, tanto empíricos como puros, sentido y referencia. (shrink)

Kant sobre el método matemático, de Jaakko Hintikka.

Este trabalho analisa textos sobre o fechamento do Engenhão pela Prefeitura do Rio de Janeiro publicados em blogues de veículos de comunicação com foco no esporte de 26/3/2013 a 17/6/2013. O artigo começa com a apresentação dos blogues pesquisados e uma reflexão acerca do uso desta ferramenta de comunicação como corpus para a pesquisa científica. A análise do material se organiza em torno de quatro pontos: a discussão sobre legado; a discussão sobre custos e responsabilidade; a preocupação com a imagem (...) do Brasil; as consequências para o Botafogo. Os jornalistas lançaram mão de distintas formas de contextualização para apresentar possíveis causas e consequências da medida, além de discutir as responsabilidades pelo ato e pela situação anterior; o cenário macro de candidatura, organização e realização de megaeventos esportivos na cidade e no país; os problemas da administração estatal e das entidades esportivas no Brasil; as relações entre empreiteiras e poder público. (shrink)

The tricarboxylic acid (TCA) or Krebs cycle, which takes place in prokaryotic cells and in the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells, is central to life on Earth and participates in key events such as energy production and anabolic processes. Despite its relevance, it is not perceived as tightly regulated compared to other key metabolisms such as glycolysis/gluconeogenesis. A better understanding of the functioning of the TCA cycle is crucial due to mitochondrial function impairment in several diseases, especially those that occur with (...) neurodegeneration. This article revisits what is known about the regulation of the Krebs cycle and hypothesizes the need for large‐scale, rapid regulation of TCA cycle enzyme activity. Evidence of mitochondrial enzyme activity regulation by activation/deactivation of protein kinases and phosphatases exists in the literature. Apart from indirect regulation via G protein‐coupled receptors (GPCRs) at the cell surface, signaling upon activation of GPCRs in mitochondrial membranes may lead to a direct regulation of the enzymes of the Krebs cycle. Hormonal‐like regulation by posttranscriptional events mediated by activable kinases and phosphatases deserve proper assessment using isolated mitochondria. Also see the video abstract here: https://youtu.be/aBpDSWiMQyI. (shrink)

O presente artigo busca confrontar as noções de natureza humana tal como desenvolvidas por Hugo Grotius, em sua obra O direito da guerra e da paz, e por Thomas Hobbes, nos escritos Do cidadão e Leviatã. Com tanto, trata-se de contrapor o pensamento dos referidos autores, identificando entre eles distinções e semelhanças. As análises realizadas neste trabalho justificam-se dada a centralidade dos teóricos abordados no âmbito da filosofia política, bem como do jusnaturalismo. Assim, espera-se oferecer um recorte das discussões empreendidas (...) em meados do século XVII, caras ao pensamento filosófico moderno. Para isto, as análises de cada autor serão expostas separadamente ao longo do artigo, para serem, então, articuladas, a título de conclusão. (shrink)

O artigo busca evidenciar os pontos de contato entre as análises de Foucault e Kant sobre o Iluminismo. Ademais, cumpre explicitar a relação ambivalente da filosofia contemporânea com a razão esclarecida, ora considerada responsável por práticas de dominação, ora como condição de possibilidade para a autonomia e liberdade. Partindo da declaração de Foucault sobre seu trabalho situar-se na tradição crítica kantiana, trata-se de compreender como os dois filósofos problematizaram o processo de saída do homem de sua menoridade.

Trata-se de investigar, em um primeiro momento, as raízes das discussões estéticas na filosofia de Lyotard. Essas raízes são políticas. É somente a partir da compreensão do desconforto político de Lyotard em relação à teoria marxista de sua época que podemos compreender seu recurso à estética para compreensão dos novos modos de organização política. Tal investigação se fará, sobretudo, a partir da relação que Lyotard estabelece entre arte e política, principalmente aquela elaborada no ensaio Notas sobre a função crítica da (...) obra de arte, publicado em 1970 e reunido na coletânea de textos Deriva à partir de Marx e Freud. Essa relação é autorizada somente após um retorno à teoria freudiana. Investigaremos a importância dessa teoria na construção de dois conceitos centrais em seu pensamento: as noções de figura e espaço figural. Consequentemente, é a relação entre política, estética e psicanálise que é colocada em evidência. (shrink)

Las órdenes europeas de detención y entrega emitidas por los tribunales españoles con relación a los implicados en el intento de derogación de la Constitución en Cataluña en el año 2017 han supuesto una prueba para el instrumento. En este trabajo se analizan las razones por las que en los distintos países que han conocido del caso (Bélgica, Alemania, Reino Unido e Italia) no han sido ejecutadas, mostrando de esta forma en qué errores han incurrido las autoridades de estos países (...) y cómo influyen estos errores en el deterioro de la confianza mutua entre los Estados miembros de la UE. (shrink)

Philosophie der Renaissance - Filosofia da Renascença - é o título que leva o volume 13 do Ernst Cassirer Nachgelassene Manuskripte und Texte [ECN 13], coleção das obras póstumas de Cassirer. O volume traz uma coletânea de textos escritos na década entre 1932 e 1942 nos quais o filósofo retoma e aprofunda teses e interpretações sobre este período da história da filosofia que lhe foi tão caro em toda a sua trajetória intelectual. Cumpre também dizer que com a publicação de (...) ECN 13 a história dos manuscritos de Cassirer e o longo e hercúleo trabalho de sua edição chegam – quase – ao seu fim após pouco mais de um quarto de século de empenho de seus editores e demais envolvidos. (shrink)

Uma tese fundamental para a tradição cristã é a de que _todas as coisas que acontecem no mundo acontecem sob a providência divina. _Assim, também o sofrimento dos seres humanos precisa ser compreendido à luz da noção de providência, e o sofrimento de um justo como Jó ou de uma comunidade humana inteira como os escravos no Brasil colonial parece especialmente desconcertante. Uma interpretação recente enfatiza a função terapêutica das adversidades. Contudo, uma visão cuidadosa de alguns textos de Tomás de (...) Aquino e de Antônio Vieira apontam para a limitação humana quanto à plena compreensão da providência divina bem como para a imprescindibilidade da fé na providência de Deus. (shrink)

A comienzos de 2017 Rebecca Tuvel publicó un texto intitulado In Defense of Transracialism; este texto defendía que las razones que tenemos para aceptar la transgeneridad/transexualidad deberían, llevarnos a aceptar a la transrracialidad como posibilidad dado que tanto la ontología del género como la de la raza compartían dos elementos fundamentales: la autoidentificación y el etiquetamiento por parte de terceros. En el presente trabajo se cuestiona la validez de esta extrapolación al señalar que ésta conduce a análisis metafísicos y políticos (...) que ignoran tanto la historicidad como la materialidad que caracterizan a las diversas categorías así homologadas. De allí que aquí se cuestione críticamente cierta tendencia que ha igualado diversas ontologías sociales, por un lado, mientras que, por otro, se enfatizan otros abordajes metafísicos que no incurren en estas problemáticas. (shrink)

Nuestro propósito en este artículo es analizar desde un punto de vista epistemológico el debate científico sobre el niño “salvaje” de Aveyron que se inicia en la Ilustración tardía, en el ámbito del método y prácticas médico-pedagógicas, y que se extiende a mediados del siglo XX en el campo de las ciencias sociales. Consideramos que la metodología de investigación científica y los tratamientos aplicados para educar y transformar al niño “salvaje”, a través del disciplinamiento de sus sentidos, la enseñanza del (...) lenguaje y la adopción de costumbres civilizadas lo convierten no solo en un “caso” u “objeto” de investigación científica, sino también en un ser “anormal”, expuesto al encierro, la experimentación y la degradación física. Cuestionamos, en esta ocasión, el dispositivo denominado “máquina antropológica” que articula la antinomia epistemológica naturaleza y cultura, que constituye ontológicamente el estatus inferior del niño “salvaje” como “criatura”. A través de la postulación de la teoría filosófica de la infancia de G. Agamben como alternativa crítica, desarrollamos los conceptos de “silencio”, “resistencia” e “irrupción epistemológica” para abordar las cuestiones ontológicas y epistémicas que conciernen a Víctor de Aveyron desde una nueva perspectiva filosófica. (shrink)