Resumo: O artigo objetiva refletir sobre as concepções de gênero, poder, multiplicidade e multiculturalismo, em María Lugones, analisando o modo como sua teoria se associa ao pensamento pós-colonial. Para tanto, aborda a perspectiva do pensamento pós-colonial e a noção de colonialidade do poder, considerando o sistema moderno/colonial de gênero. As teorias pós-coloniais criticam o paradigma epistemológico do Ocidente e a hierarquização baseada na distinção entre humanos e não humanos, colonizador e colonizado. Em sua análise do sistema moderno/colonial, María Lugones (...) introduz a ideia de gênero na reflexão acerca das relações de poder. A teoria de Oyèronké Oyӗwùmí é uma referência para María Lugones, que desenvolve uma concepção de intersecção de raça, classe, gênero e sexualidade, propondo um feminismo decolonial baseado na identificação de formas de resistência e coalizão para emancipação.: The article reflects on María Lugones’s concepts of gender, power, multiplicity, and multiculturalism, analyzing the way her theory is associated with postcolonial thought. In order to do so, it aproaches the perspective of postcolonial thought, and the notion of coloniality of power, considering the colonial/modern gender system. The postcolonial theories criticize the Western epistemological paradigm, and hierarchy based on the distinction between human and non-human, colonizer and colonized. When analyzing the colonial/modern system, María Lugones’s perspective introduces the concept of gender in the analyses of the power relationships. Oyèronké Oyӗwùmí’s theory of gender is a reference to María Lugones. In the analysis of the coloniality of power, Lugones develops the idea of the intersection of race, class, gender, and sexuality, proposing decolonial feminism based on the identification of forms of resistance, and coalition in social movements for emancipation. (shrink)

Este artigo analisa os conceitos de sexualidade e gênero na contemporaneidade. Procura-se identificar as produções bibliográficas recentes em vários campos de conhecimento e seus limites e avanços epistemológicos para entender outras relações sociais e os novos contextos diaspóricos na produção de sexualidades, raça, gênero, afetividade e corpo na pós-colonialidade.

O pensamento filosófico hispânico na segunda metade do séc. XX, potenciou um processo de emancipação cultural e filosófica mais profundas, que destacaram o sentido e o alcance de uma utêntica filosofia, no continente sul-americano. Com tomada de consciência da circunstância americana o que está em causa, é a procura e busca de uma autenticidade da razão latino-americana, a qual na análise que desenvolvo, só terá sentido se integrada numa dinâmica de integração cultural. Esta deverá sempre partir das circunstâncias próprias, e (...) desenvolvida a partir do respeito por um ethos vivencial comum. O presente estudo foi inspirado na obra de Carlos Beorlegui, intitulada Historia del pensamiento filosófico latinoamericano (2004), obra esta que nos apresenta uma visão geral da Filosofia latino-americana desde as cosmovisões pré-colombianas até às correntes filosóficas mais actuais, como é o caso da FL (Filosofia da Libertação), e a da pós-Modernidade ou pós-Colonialidade, comummente conhecida como interculturalismo. (shrink)

ABSTRACT This article aims to investigate the imperial element in the poetry of Joseph Brodsky through the lenses of post-colonial studies. Its ambiguity, informed by Brodsky’s experience as a poet in exile, as well as his personal cultural frame, echoes that of his poetic precursors. Thus, we briefly trace the history of the connection between Russian poetry and the imperial narrative, which began with the inception of the Russian Empire itself in the 18th century. Then, we explore the nuance of (...) the concept of empire in Brodsky’s works through the analysis of the poems Post aetatem nostram (1970), Torso (1972) and On the Independence of Ukraine (1991). As we understand it, both the chauvinistic content of the latter poem and the positive and nostalgic aspect of empire to Brodsky reveal the longevity and the strength of the Russian imperial narrative in the country’s national literature. (shrink)

Este trabalho pretende analisar a implementação do Art. 26-A (Lei 9394/96), na escola pública brasileira, buscando contribuir com os debates sobre os desafios que impedem a presença ou não da cultura africana, afro-brasileira e indígena, nos currículos escolares. Analisamos que os pensamentos se transformam em práticas de governamentalidade, para a qual a geopolítica associa-se ao biopoder, catalisando estratégias de controle social. Nesta questão, valemo-nos do conceito da colonialidade do poder para discutir as identidades demandadas e articuladas, e de como (...) o racismo estrutural transita em suas várias dimensões. Assim, o percurso metodológico passa pela análise de artigos sobre o tema, tomando as publicações do ano de 2023, quando a legislação completa 20 anos. A leitura conduz ao pensamento racial de alguns intelectuais sobre a formação social brasileira, concluindo se manter uma prática pedagógica de homogeneidade social e cultural no espaço escolar. Nela, o mito da democracia racial está ainda vigorando como perspectiva histórico-cultural pós abolição da escravidão, engendrando assim uma geopolítica de longa duração, que se faz pela negação das identidades no cotidiano escolar e preservação da ordem social. (shrink)

Entre las múltiples formas de violencia que los opresores históricamente han utilizado para imponer su lógica propia al universo humano que oprime, está la ‘violencia epistémica’. Ella se basa en el control monopólico de la ‘verdad’ y en el secuestro de la universalidad. Quienes la aplican buscan convencer a todos del carácter absoluto de sus supuestas verdades, de la universalidad cuasi-natural de sus maneras de pensar, de vivir, de organizarse socialmente. ‘Verdad’ y ‘universalidad’ se convierten en insoslayables objetos disputables entre (...) las fuerzas conservadoras y los empujes emancipadores de los pueblos. El escenario de esta disputa alcanza hoy dimensiones globales. Lo que está en juego es la vida misma. Es obvio que, sin echar abajo las ‘verdades opresoras’ y los ‘particularismos depredadores’ vestidos de ‘universalidad’, la emancipación social no sería factible. Tampoco sería posible la conservación de la vida. El crecimiento ilimitado, la propensión permanentemente acumulativa de riquezas, la vocación hacia la maximización a toda costa de ganancias, hacen tendencialmente incompatible al capital con la vida. Es preciso desmontar las falsas verdades que han convertido en sentido común la centralidad supuestamente inevitable del mercado, que han transformado al capitalismo en el modo natural de convivencia humana. Siguiendo el método lógico-deductivo, este trabajo tiene como objetivo hablar críticamente de la verdad, pero no negando su existencia, sino intentando develar las condiciones sociales de su posibilidad, de cómo puede y debe vivir la verdad si aspira a ser libre y descolonizada en un marco social como el de Nuestra América. (shrink)

O presente artigo tem origem em pesquisa de doutorado[1] sobre a presença de Quilombolas na Pós-graduação em quatro universidades públicas do Brasil – duas do Centro-oeste e duas do Nordeste, tendo em vista as considerações de seus interlocutores a respeito da luta por cidadania e afirmação de direitos - ao território, seu bem estar e à cidade/universidade. A partir da discussão sobre concepções como pertencimento, bem viver, cidade cognitiva e educação, o artigo traz à reflexão o contexto urbano marcado por (...) racismos e colonialidades, e onde se faz necessária a ação sociopolítica, para iniciar processos de transformação e produção de vida, em que todos tenham a sensação de pertencer e possam ter uma vida plena e satisfatória. Assim, resgatamos a compreensão do que significa a atuação quilombola dentro das comunidades, cidades e universidades, articulando seus saberes tradicionais com os conhecimentos científicos sistematizados, o se apresenta como um novo caminho para o desenvolvimento humano. [1] Pesquisa Financiada pelo Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq). Bolsa Doutorado. 2019-2022. (shrink)

En este artículo, desarrollamos el proyecto de una epistemología de la visibilidad para desmontar y examinar los sesgos sexo-genéricos y coloniales del conocimiento. El objetivo central es cuestionar la llamada “doble subalternidad” identificada por diversas teorías críticas latinoamericanas (Femenías, 2009) y argumentar en favor de una conjunción epistémica entre crítica feminista y decolonial, en pos de un pensamiento complejo. Partiendo del análisis de algunas experiencias recientes en nuestra unidad académica, presentamos algunas consideraciones teóricas y prácticas sobre la imbricación entre crítica (...) feminista y crítica de la colonialidad. (shrink)

A filosofia e os filósofos ocidentais, desde sua gênese na Grécia Antiga, acreditavam que apenas os gregos possuíam epistemologias e racionalidades. As sociedades africanas, por exemplo, eram consideradas a-históricas e tinham sua contribuição na estruturação do conhecimento científico negada pelos filósofos ocidentais. Durante muitos séculos, essa ideia foi difundida ao redor do mundo, inclusive, durante o projeto de colonização das Américas. Assim, o objetivo deste artigo é compreender, através de uma revisão bibliográfica, como a falta de reconhecimento dos povos diásporos (...) por parte da filosofia ocidental acarretou o silenciamento da filosofia africana, articulando os estudos em Ciência, Tecnologia e Sociedade como aliados no processo de descolonização do conhecimento da sociedade brasileira. Com o intuito de deslocar o pensamento do eurocentrismo, nosso referencial teórico é composto por filósofos pós-coloniais e/ou descoloniais, como Dantas, Ribeiro, Fanon, Quijano, dentre outros, que, através de seus estudos, evidenciam a necessidade de libertação do colonialismo presente na diáspora. De início, apresentamos, brevemente, o berço da filosofia ocidental, destacando a ausência da filosofia africana em sua concepção, e as duas ferramentas desenvolvidas pelo eurocentrismo para este fim: o epistemicídio e a colonialidade. Na sequência, relacionamos o conceito de descolonização com os estudos em CTS, uma vez que ambos visam a romper os paradigmas estabelecidos pelo modelo predominante de ciência. Por fim, nas considerações, apontamos os desafios e as perspectivas da educação brasileira sobre o ensino de filosofia africana, através de uma visão afroperspectivista, indicando possíveis caminhos para uma descolonização do conhecimento em sociedades afrodiaspóricas. As investigações, estabelecidas no presente artigo, têm como ponto de discussão a importância do ensino de filosofia africana em países afrodiaspóricos, especialmente no Brasil. A principal intenção, aqui, é apontar horizontes que vão além da filosofia ocidental. Palavras-chave: Filosofia africana. Ciência, Tecnologia e Sociedade. Afrodiaspórica. (shrink)

BORGES, Angela Cristina. Tambores do sertão, diferença colonial e interculturalidade: entreliçamento entre Umbanda/Quimbanda e Candomblé Angola no Norte de Minas Gerais. 2016. Tese - Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência da Religião, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, São Paulo.

Vivimos un espacio-tiempo transformacional: el Pachakutik de los andinos. Indígenas e intelectuales occidentales exigen un cambio paradigmático para hacer viable la sobrevivencia de la especie humana. La descolonización se presenta como un proceso de deconstrucción de la alienación y subordinación del ser humano, y de simultánea construcción de un individuo autónomo y activo para edificar “otro mundo posible”. Aquí analizamos el riesgo recolonizador inserto en las propias visiones descolonizadoras, pues reproducen las dicotomías etnocéntricas entre colonizador y colonizado, o entre indio (...) y occidental, potenciando los códigos que nos recolonizan diariamente. Afirmamos que la descolonización debe sustentarse en un nuevo paradigma filosófico –cuyas bases proponemos en este documento–, que responda a una cosmovisión alternativa y provea un lenguaje nuevo, ya que cualquier pensamiento que se formule en los mismos códigos discursivos que colonizan diariamente a la humanidad, será funcional al modelo de ser humano y de vida que ha impuesto la misma colonización. (shrink)

This book offers a rich introduction to Heidegger that reveals Poggeler's sound scholarship and philosophical criticism.

Die vorliegenden Bande folgen dem gefeierten Heidegger- und Hegelkenner Otto Poggeler in seinen Fragestellungen uber die Beziehung zwischen Philosophie und Poesie. In 36 Beitragen werden Funktion und Form der Philosophie, Asthetik und Politik im deutschen Idealismus, die Einheit von Denken und Poesie bei Heidegger und die philosophische Dimension der Poesie diskutiert. - Der erste Band behandelt die Moglichkeit von Philosophie nach der Entdeckung der Geschichtlichkeit von menschlichem Wissen durch die hermeneutische Philosophie. Der zweite Band fuhrt diese Diskussion fort und entwickelt (...) die Beziehung zwischen Poggeler und Heidegger und dessen Kommentatoren und Gegnern. Hier wird das Verhaltnis von Philosophie und Poesie auch aus Sicht der Kunst verhandelt. - Mit Beitragen u.a. von Gadamer, Apel, Siep, Tilliette, Dusing und Lucas bieten die Bande in ihrer Reichhaltigkeit geradezu ein philosophisches Forum zum Thema Asthetik. (shrink)

Here the author of How to Solve It explains how to become a "good guesser." Marked by G. Polya's simple, energetic prose and use of clever examples from a wide range of human activities, this two-volume work explores techniques of guessing, inductive reasoning, and reasoning by analogy, and the role they play in the most rigorous of deductive disciplines.

Brieven van de Nederlandse filosoof (1898-1955) uit de periode 1917-1927 aan een vriend.

2014 Reprint of 1954 American Edition. Full facsimile of the original edition, not reproduced with Optical Recognition Software. This two volume classic comprises two titles: "Patterns of Plausible Inference" and "Induction and Analogy in Mathematics." This is a guide to the practical art of plausible reasoning, particularly in mathematics, but also in every field of human activity. Using mathematics as the example par excellence, Polya shows how even the most rigorous deductive discipline is heavily dependent on techniques of guessing, inductive (...) reasoning, and reasoning by analogy. In solving a problem, the answer must be guessed at before a proof can be given, and guesses are usually made from a knowledge of facts, experience, and hunches. The truly creative mathematician must be a good guesser first and a good prover afterward; many important theorems have been guessed but no proved until much later. In the same way, solutions to problems can be guessed, and a god guesser is much more likely to find a correct solution. This work might have been called "How to Become a Good Guesser."-From the Dust Jacket. (shrink)

ABSTRACT The paper gives an analytical synopsis of the problem of developing medical ethics in the early half of the 1990s in China, as perceived by Chinese scholars and medical professionals interested in medical ethics. The views captured and analyzed here were expressed in one of the two major journals on medical ethics in China: Chinese Medical Ethics. The economic reform unleashed profound changes in Chinese society, including in the medical field, creating irregularities and improprieties in the profession. Furthermore, the (...) market reform also created new values that were in tension with existing values. In this transitional period, Chinese medical ethicists saw the need to rebuild medical morality for the new era. Using the code of conduct promulgated by the Chinese Ministry of Health in 1989 as a basis, assessment and e ducation aspects of the institutionalization of medical ethics are dis‐ cussed. In addition to institutional problems of institutionalising ethics, there are philosophical and methodological issues that are not easy to solve. After all, to institutionalize medical ethics is no easy task for a country as old and as big as China. Chinese medical ethicists seem ready to confront these difficulties in their effort to develop medical ethics in Reform China. (shrink)

ABSTRACTThe paper gives an analytical synopsis of the problem of developing medical ethics in the early half of the 1990s in China, as perceived by Chinese scholars and medical professionals interested in medical ethics. The views captured and analyzed here were expressed in one of the two major journals on medical ethics in China: Chinese Medical Ethics. The economic reform unleashed profound changes in Chinese society, including in the medical field, creating irregularities and improprieties in the profession. Furthermore, the market (...) reform also created new values that were in tension with existing values. In this transitional period, Chinese medical ethicists saw the need to rebuild medical morality for the new era. Using the code of conduct promulgated by the Chinese Ministry of Health in 1989 as a basis, assessment and e ducation aspects of the institutionalization of medical ethics are dis‐ cussed. In addition to institutional problems of institutionalising ethics, there are philosophical and methodological issues that are not easy to solve. After all, to institutionalize medical ethics is no easy task for a country as old and as big as China. Chinese medical ethicists seem ready to confront these difficulties in their effort to develop medical ethics in Reform China. (shrink)

This article examines whether and to what extent Confucianism as a resilient Chinese cultural tradition can be used as a sound basis of business practice and management model for Chinese corporations in the twenty-first century. Using the core elements of Confucianism, the article constructs a notion of a Confucian Firm with its concepts of the moral person ( Junzi ), core human morality ( ren, yi, li ) and relationships ( guanxi ), as well as benign social structure (harmony), articulated (...) in corporate and organizational terms. The basic character of the Confucian Firm is described, and its philosophical and cultural foundation is critically assessed with respect to its moral legitimacy and relevant to today’s China. China’s recent Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) development is a high profile response to global business ethics concerns. Efforts have been made to emulate and develop good business practice fashioned in CSR norms and visions. The so-called “human-based” and “virtue-based” business practices rooted in local cultural heritage have been touted as a Chinese response to this problem. This investigation is particularly relevant in the context of the increasingly prominence of the Chinese corporations (China Inc.) in the wake of the rise of China as a global power. How relevant is Confucianism to the building of a modern Chinese corporation that is willing and able to practice reasonable norms of business ethics? The findings of this discussion, which include the organizational implications of the Confucian familial collectivism, have implications for other Chinese communities (Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Singapore) where Confucian tradition is endorsed and practiced. (shrink)

Kungmin yulli t'ŭkkang -- Ch'oe Che-u non -- Silla munhwa wa p'ungnyu chŏngsin.

The challenge of developing a business ethics in China in response to today's increasing demands of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is examined within the context of recent business scandals, food scare, labor issues, and environmental degradations the country is now experiencing. Two surveys on CSR are reported. This paper reports the recent CSR development in China and oudines the profile of a prospective business ethics for China. The formal constraints and substantive components of this business ethics are proposed against the (...) background of China's cultural and ideological heritage. (shrink)

Are there objective moral truths, i.e. things that are morally right, wrong, good, or bad independently of what anybody thinks about them? To answer this question more and more scholars have recently turned to evidence from psychology, neuroscience, cultural anthropology, and evolutionary biology. This book investigates this novel scientific approach in a comprehensive, empirically-focused, and partly meta-theoretical way. It suggests that while it is possible for the empirical sciences to contribute to the moral realism/anti-realism debate, most arguments that have so (...) far been proposed fail (because they misrepresent, cherry-pick, or overlook the invalidity of (parts of) the available scientific evidence). The book’s main chapters address five prominent science-based arguments for or against the existence of objective moral truths: the argument from moral disagreement, the evolutionary debunking argument, the sentimentalist argument, the presumptive argument, and the projectivist argument. Thomas Pölzler investigates in which sense the underlying empirical hypotheses would have to be true in order for these arguments to work, and then shows how the available scientific evidence fails to support them. Finally, he makes suggestions as to how to test these hypotheses in a more valid way. Moral Reality and the Empirical Sciences is an important contribution to the moral realism/anti-realism debate that will appeal to philosophers and scientists interested in moral psychology and metaethics. (shrink)

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) has become increasingly popular in advanced economies in the West. In contrast, CSR awareness in Asia is rather low, both on the corporate and state level. However, recent events have shown that the CSR is receiving more attention by corporations in Asia. Recent development in CSR in Taiwan is one example of such a trend. A 2005 survey on the 700 publicly listed companies in Taiwan on␣CSR has highlighted the current CSR situation. Concurrently, the numbers of (...) corporate scandals and corruption have dramatically increased over the past 6 years. Corporate CSR activities co-existing with pervasive corporate scandals create a phenomenon of contradictions. This article aims to report via the survey findings the current development of business ethics in corporate Taiwan; and to interpret the findings in context of Taiwan’s business ethos, especially its Confucian familism and crony capitalism. (shrink)

Collected works of ʼJam-dbyaṅs Blo-gter-dbaṅ-po on Nyingmapa and Sakyapa doctrines, philosophy, rituals etc.

Since China's Reform Era began in 1979, corporations of all shapes and sizes mushroomed in the economic landscape. Among these companies, a few have distinguished themselves by their unique corporate cultures and financial performance. The Chinese state–owned enterprises (SOEs) are notorious for their inefficiency, conservatism, bloated bureaucracy, and obsoleteness. However, a few good SOEs stand out as corporations of excellence with commitment to business ethics. Very little study has been done on SOE corporate cultures and business ethics, especially in the (...) western literature. This paper provides an insight into one such organisation – the Double Star Group of Qingdao. This paper includes the results of an empirical survey on Double Star's employees’ perception of its corporate culture and business ethics. (shrink)

Since China's Reform Era began in 1979, corporations of all shapes and sizes mushroomed in the economic landscape. Among these companies, a few have distinguished themselves by their unique corporate cultures and financial performance. The Chinese state–owned enterprises (SOEs) are notorious for their inefficiency, conservatism, bloated bureaucracy, and obsoleteness. However, a few good SOEs stand out as corporations of excellence with commitment to business ethics. Very little study has been done on SOE corporate cultures and business ethics, especially in the (...) western literature. This paper provides an insight into one such organisation – the Double Star Group of Qingdao. This paper includes the results of an empirical survey on Double Star's employees’ perception of its corporate culture and business ethics. (shrink)

I show how the Taoist philosophy, as examplified by both Lao Tzu and Chuang Tzu, is capable of providing a metaphysical foundation for environmental ethics. The Taoist concept of nature, the notions of ontological equality and axiological equality of beings, together with the doctrine of Wu Wei can fulfil, at least in a preliminary way, our purpose. The notion of a minimally coherent ethics is introduced and is shown to be pertinent to the construction of an ethics which bears a (...) close relationship to science. (shrink)

Queer theorists have considered the problems concerning the political strategy of using LGBT rights to justify racist xenophobia and using homo/transphobia to consolidate heterosexist nationalism. Their timely interventions are important in exposing state violence in the name of human rights and sovereign equality, but they have offered no alternative. They may also have reinforced the assumption of state science. This assumption is based on a trinity structure of the nation-state-sovereignty of ‘modern, self-determining men’, who are against each other and thereby (...) co-built the so-called ‘international’. State-centric internationalism produces exclusionary effects that undermine the rights of sexual and gender minorities. To address this, I first consider the debate over ‘LGBT rights as human rights’, and identify two types of cultural relativism (epistemological and political) as the categories to formulate a decolonial response to the debate. In this article, queer political theorising is pushed forward to: 1) critically evaluate universalism, 2) differentiate cultural relativism (opposing the political version of it) and 3) revise the epistemological version with decolonial-queer praxis. I propose a pluralist approach to sovereignty and human rights; informed by this approach, the lack of international consensus is remedied by recognising the polyvocality within transnational queer activism beyond the monopoly of states’ representation of their own peoples. This proposal also aims to decentre modern statecraft from the political imagination of contemporary international studies scholarship. (shrink)

Philosophical naturalism faces a dilemma: take it as an ideology, and you face charges of internal incoherence, since the ideological stance itself does not look to be a deliverance of science. Forgo the ideological aspect, on the other hand, and naturalism becomes a merely subjective assessment, a cry of “yay for science!” that carries no normative weight for those who are not inclined to agree. I first argue that both horns of this dilemma are sharp, and that current attempts to (...) negotiate them have failed. I then give a plausible construal of methodological naturalism that is both ideological and internally coherent, and so threads this dilemma. Finally, I consider objections to this formulation of naturalism. (shrink)

This essay examines the depiction of French ragout in eighteenth-century English literature, arguing that the dish reflects social apprehension regarding ideological, cultural, and military conflicts between England and France. This essay first traces a brief history of ragout, along with an overview of the dish’s cultural connotation and complexity, in eighteenth-century English society. It next delves into the concept of eighteenth-century English Francophobia, demonstrating that this sentiment was a mixture of national pride and anxiety amid England’s identity crisis under the (...) potential French cultural threat. Finally, the essay examines ragout in eighteenth-century English literature and identifies the dish as the target of French pretension and cultural invasion. This research highlights the fact that eighteenth-century English authors’ satirical portrait of ragout underscored xenophobic gastronomy and cautioned against a simple interpretation of the dish. The caricature and representation of ragout as a feminized, artificial, and laughable dish reinforces eighteenth-century English writers’ concern for the invasion of foreign culture by emphasizing the contrast between authentic ‛Anglo’ meat consumption and ‛Franco’ sophistication. (shrink)