Depuis l'Antiquité, la philosophie prétend à l'universalité. Les autres sciences roulent sur des objets particuliers, la philosophie promet une considération universelle de l'être dans sa totalité, le plus souvent afin d'en expliquer le principe. La philosophie, dans son acception onto-théologique, s'est ainsi comprise comme science a priori de ce qui est. La découverte moderne de l'ordre interprétatif l'a cependant mise dans un embarras : car si tous les savoirs, y compris la philosophie, ne sont que des interprétations, aucune prétention à (...) l'universalité ne paraît plus possible. A tout le moins, la philosophie ne peut défendre sa légitimité que si elle s'établit sur l'universalité de l'interprétation. Ce qui met en question la philosophie pourrait alors seulement devenir l'occasion d'une nouvelle attestation. Cette théorie est l'affaire de l'herméneutique. Ce livre se propose d'en reconstruire l'histoire afin de préparer une conception herméneutique de la philosophie, qui ne renonce ni à l'être, ni à l'a priori, ni à l'universalité. C'est l'enjeu de l'ontologie universelle du langage élaborée dans le sillage de Heidegger et Gadamer, en conformité avec le dessein implicite de toute la tradition herméneutique, de saint Augustin à Schleiermacher et Dilthey. Mais si l'herméneutique se met à l'écoute du langage, c'est pour montrer que le discours procède toujours d'un horizon de sens qui l'excède, qu'évoquait la primitive notion, réhabilitée ici, d'un " verbe intérieur ". L'herméneutique voudrait ainsi affoler la fixation sur le langage effectif et propositionnel qui régit plusieurs formes, analytiques et phénoménologiques, de la pensée contemporaine. J. G. (shrink)

In this interview with Jean Grondin, Gadamer discusses the meaning ‘linguisticality’ and acknowledges his intellectual debt to Heidegger, Augustine, Vico and classical Greek philosophy. Heidegger’s influence on Gadamer can be seen in Gadamer’s awareness of pernicious ontological effects of the Latinization of European language, his awareness of the centrality of technology to the understanding of contemporary philosophical problems and the idea that ‘language speaks’. From Augustine, Gadamer derived his theory of the word as that which cannot be known and (...) brought under control; from Vico the idea that language is rhetorical; and from classical philosophy the Aristotelian idea of phronesis and the Platonic idea that the idea of beauty is inseparable from the idea of the good. Gadamer concludes the interview with a discussion of the need for humanity to overcome its present fascination with technology. (shrink)

Grondin situates Gadamer's concerns in the context of traditional philosophical issues, showing, for example, how Gadamer both continues and significantly modifies Descartes' approach to the philosophical problem of method and advances rather than simply follows Heidegger's treatment of the relationship of thinking to language. In doing this Grondin shows that the issues of philosophical hermeneutics are relevant to contemporary concerns in science and history.

Jean Grondin completes the first history of metaphysics and respects both the analytical and the Continental schools while transcending the theoretical limitations of each. He reviews seminal texts by Parmenides, Plato, Aristotle, Plotinus, and Augustine. He follows the theological turn in the metaphysical thought of Avicenna, Anselm, Aquinas, and Duns Scotus, and he revisits Descartes and the cogito; Spinoza and Leibniz's rationalist approaches; Kant's reclaiming of the metaphysical tradition; and post-Kantian practice up to Hegel. He engages with twentieth century (...) innovations that upended the discipline, particularly Heidegger's revival of the question of Being and the rediscovery of the metaphysics of existence by Sartre and the Existentialists, language by Gadamer and Derrida, and transcendence by Levinas. Metaphysics is often dismissed as a form or epoch of philosophy that must be overcome, yet by promoting a full understanding of its platform and processes, Grondin reveals its cogent approach to reality and foundational influence on modern philosophy and science. By restoring the value of metaphysics for contemporary audiences, Grondin showcases the rich currents and countercurrents of metaphysical thought and its future possibilities. (shrink)

"Daß der philosophisch Interessierte ein aufwendig recherchiertes und... im Detail verläßliches Werk vor sich hat, attestiert man gern, wobei die Benutzerfreundlichkeit unter anderem durch die ausführliche Chronik im Anhang gewährleistet ist.... der Verfasser [stellt] sein sicheres Gespür für das Eigenartige und Markante sowie die ungewöhnliche Rhythmik des nachgezeichneten Lebens unter Beweis."Ulrich Horstmann in Süddeutsche Zeitung vom 19./20.6.1999, S. V"Die gründliche Gadamer-Biographie von Jean Grondin ist im wesentlichen frei von hagiographischen Zügen. Um so überzeugender entwirft sie das Porträt eines zunächst (...) zögernden und unsicheren, eines unpolitischen und anpassungsfähigen, aber stets liberalen und selbstkritischen, vom gutbürgerlichen Elternhaus mit Klugheit, Sensibilität und sicherem Blick ausgestatteten, humanistisch gebildeten und unabhängig urteilenden Geistes."Jürgen Habermas in Neue Zürcher Zeitung vom 12./13.2.2000, S. 49. (shrink)

Disciple de Heidegger, Hans-Georg Gadamer a exposé les fondements de son herméneutique dans son chef-d'œuvre Vérité et méthode (1960), dont la traduction française a été publiée en 1996. Il est donc enfin possible de s'expliquer avec ce qui représente sans doute la plus importante et la plus influente percée de la philosophie continentale depuis Être et temps (1927). Si la pensée de Gadamer s'inspire de Heidegger, elle a su prendre ses distances avec sa critique de l'humanisme et de la métaphysique. (...) Sa mise en évidence du travail de l'histoire en toute pensée doit, en effet, beaucoup à la tradition humaniste. C'est l'idée heideggérienne d'un nouveau départ et sa condamnation totalisante de la pensée occidentale qui restent secrètement métaphysiques. La thèse fondamentale de Gadamer est que le monopole revendiqué par la science moderne dans l'ordre du savoir représente une évolution unilatérale de notre civilisation. Il nous conduit à déformer et à manquer l'expérience de vérité des formes de compréhension qui ne se conforment pas à son modèle méthodique. C'est que les sciences qui aspirent à l'objectivation sont animées par une volonté de domination et de contrôle qui ne rend pas justice aux modes d'expérience où la participation à un événement de sens qui nous excède se révèle plus déterminante que l'idéal de maîtrise. Afin de mieux jauger les sciences humaines et notre appartenance au langage, Gadamer sera amené à réhabiliter des formes de connaissance, mieux d'éveil. comme l'art, la rhétorique et la sagacité pratique, où l'implication de la finitude - et la prise en compte de ses limites - fait partie de l'attestation de la vérité. Cette herméneutique de la finitude n'aperçoit pas l'accomplissement le plus intégral de la philosophie dans la souvent très vaine assurance d'un savoir démonstratif ou d'une fondation ultime, mais dans une vigilance inspirée par le travail de l'histoire. (shrink)

En science, en politique, en éthique la philosophie semble avoir échouée. Reste l'esthétique, la beauté. Peut-elle encore, sinon sauver le monde, ressusciter la pensée? Un appel à rénover l'héritage occidental à partir de l'art de la poésie, du sensible. Une métaphysique incarnée. Et si la métaphysique était le plus grand bienfait de l'histoire de l'humanité? Elle repose sur une expérience toute simple et déconcertante : celle de l'infinie beauté du monde qui s'impose à notre intelligence malgré le mal, la souffrance (...) et l'absurde que nous ne manquons pas de rencontrer et qui ne suscitent notre indignation que parce que l'attente métaphysique est première. L'idée de base de la métaphysique est que cette beauté a une raison, et que l'homme y a part. En découvrant la beauté des choses, dont la contemplation fait notre bonheur, en reconnaissant une dignité à l'humain et en osant penser sa capacité de transcendance, la métaphysique nous procure des raisons de vivre et d'espérer, réalisant ainsi la finalité de la philosophie elle-même. Toute philosophie est métaphysique ou triste de ne pas l'être. Cet ouvrage propose une rafraîchissante herméneutique et mise en oeuvre de la pensée métaphysique, qui va de pair avec une conception métaphysique de l'herméneutique elle-même. (shrink)

We have many reasons to be grateful to Gianni Vattimo for his ongoing contribution to philosophy and public life. Undoubtedly, his most decisive philosophical impulses have come from the German philosophical tradition, and mostly from the Holy Trinity of Nietzsche, Heidegger and Gadamer, who was his teacher. Yet, he was not German, but a proud Italian, and, for some reason, more able than others to carry this tradition further. The issue I would like to discuss here is whether hermeneutics, and (...) thus philosophy itself, must be seen as a form of nihilism. If nihilism only means a tolerance for the view of others to the extent that they do not violently limit the liberty of others, one can agree with Gianni Vattimo. But if one understands under “nihilism” the notion that there are no truths in the sense of adaequatio, one can challenge this view. Vattimo often faults Gadamer for not acknowledging fully the consequences of his own thought, i.e. the nihilistic consequences of his hermeneutic ontology. Yet one must ask: Why is it that Gadamer failed to proclaim a nihilistic hermeneutics? In other words, why did Gadamer resist the postmodernism of some of his followers? (shrink)

Jean Grondin’s starting point in his impressive book is what Hans-Georg Gadamer refers to as the universal claim of hermeneutics. Gadamer is better known for the limits his hermeneutics seems to place on universal claims. Against the reliance the Enlightenment placed on the insights of a reason common to humanity, Gadamer stresses the prejudiced and partial character of attempts to understand meaning. And against more contemporary attempts to ground Enlightenment conceptions in universal human competencies, he stresses the historicity and (...) finitude of human knowledge. Our attempts to understand the meaning of texts, conversations, historical events, and social actions and practices are conditioned by the horizon of our language, our own historical experiences, and our assumptions and expectations. Still, Gadamer ends his Truth and Method by stressing not only the linguistic character of understanding but the infinite capacity of all languages to find and express new dimensions of meaning. “Language,” he writes, “forestalls any objection to its jurisdiction. Its universality keeps pace with the universality of reason.”. (shrink)

Normal propositional modal systems This first chapter has two main aims. One is to give a general account of the propositional modal systems that we shall ...

An examination of verbal hallucinations and thought insertion as examples of "alienated self-consciousness.".

This book traces the intellectual revolution initiated by Thales in the sixth century BC to its culmination in the metaphysics of Parmenides.

RESUMEN Este artículo reconstruye la genealogia arendtiana de las formas extremas de la violencia, tomando como hilo conductor los procesos de desingularización con un doble propósito: por un lado, analizar las (dis)continuidades históricas de dicha genealogia que trasciende la dimensión fisico-instrumental de la violencia y entra conexión con la (des)configuración de la identidad personal; por otro lado, reivindicar la vigencia de la obra de Hannah Arendt para explorar los ecos presentes de esa violencia, sin perder de vista su especificad actual. (...) ABSTRACT This paper reconstructs the Arendtian genealogy of the extreme forms of violence, taking desingularization processes as its guiding thread, with a twofold goal: on the one hand, to analyze the historical (dis)continuities of that genealogy, that goes beyond the physical-instrumental dimension of violence and comes into connection with the (de)configuration of personal identity; on the other hand, to claim the validity of Arendt's work to explore the echoes of that violence, without losing sight of its current specificity. (shrink)

This entirely new work guides the reader through the most basic systems of modal propositional logic up to systems of modal predicate with identity, dealing with both technical developments and discussing philosophical applications.

In this wide-ranging historical introduction to philosophical hermeneutics, Jean Grondin discusses the major figures from Philo to Habermas, analyzes conflicts between various interpretive schools, and provides a persuasive critique of Gadamer's view of hermeneutic history, though in other ways Gadamer's Truth and Method serves as a model for Grondin's approach. Grondin begins with brief overviews of the pre-nineteenth-century thinkers Philo, Origen, Augustine, Luther, Flacius, Dannhauer, Chladenius, Meier, Rambach, Ast, and Schlegel. Next he provides more extensive treatments of (...) such major nineteenth-century figures as Schleiermacher, Böckh, Droysen, and Dilthey. There are full chapters devoted to Heidegger and Gadamer as well as shorter discussions of Betti, Habermas, and Derrida. Because he is the first to pay close attention to pre-Romantic figures, Grondin is able to show that the history of hermeneutics cannot be viewed as a gradual, steady progression in the direction of complete universalization. His book makes it clear that even in the early period, hermeneutic thinkers acknowledged a universal aspect in interpretation--that long before Schleiermacher, hermeneutics was philosophical and not merely practical. In revising and correcting the standard account, Grondin's book is not merely introductory but revisionary, suitable for beginners as well as advanced students in the field. (shrink)

Biological evolution is a complex blend of ever changing structural stability, variability and emergence of new phe- notypes, niches, ecosystems. We wish to argue that the evo- lution of life marks the end of a physics world view of law entailed dynamics. Our considerations depend upon dis- cussing the variability of the very ”contexts of life”: the in- teractions between organisms, biological niches and ecosys- tems. These are ever changing, intrinsically indeterminate and even unprestatable: we do not know ahead of (...) time the ”niches” which constitute the boundary conditions on selec- tion. More generally, by the mathematical unprestatability of the ”phase space”, no laws of mo- tion can be formulated for evolution. We call this radical emergence, from life to life. The purpose of this paper is the integration of variation and diversity in a sound concep- tual frame and situate unpredictability at a novel theoretical level, that of the very phase space. Our argument will be carried on in close comparisons with physics and the mathematical constructions of phase spaces in that discipline. The role of symmetries as invariant preserving transformations will allow us to under- stand the nature of physical phase spaces and to stress the differences required for a sound biological theoretizing. In this frame, we discuss the novel notion of ”enablement”. Life lives in a web of enablement and radical emergence. This will restrict causal analyses to differential cases. Mutations or other causal differ- ences will allow us to stress that ”non conservation princi- ples” are at the core of evolution, in contrast to physical dynamics, largely based on conservation principles as sym- metries. Critical transitions, the main locus of symmetry changes in physics, will be discussed, and lead to ”extended criticality” as a conceptual frame for a better understanding of the living state of matter. (shrink)

Hume's Reception in Early America: Expanded Edition brings together the original American responses to one of Britain's greatest men of letters, David Hume. Now available as a single volume paperback, this new edition includes updated further readings suggestions and dozens of additional primary sources gathered together in a completely new concluding section. From complete pamphlets and booklets, to poems, reviews, and letters, to extracts from newspapers, religious magazines and literary and political journals, this book's contents come from a wide variety (...) of sources published in colonial America and the early United States between 1758 and 1850. As well as classics by Thomas Jefferson, John Adams and Alexander Hamilton, it contains scores of unknown and hard-to-locate items, many of which have not been reprinted since their original publication. These responses are divided into four parts covering Hume's Essays; his Philosophical Writings; his History of England; and his Character and Death. Each of those parts has a separate introductory essay, and every selection is introduced by a short headnote that sets the piece in its historical context and provides bibliographical references. Packed with new insights into Hume and American thought and culture, Hume's Reception in Early America reveals the relevance and impact of Hume on American political, philosophical, historical, religious, and aesthetic debates. (shrink)

Editor James Fetzer presents an analytical and historical introduction and a comprehensive bibliography together with selections of many of Carl G. Hempel's most important studies to give students and scholars an ideal opportunity to appreciate the enduring contributions of one of the most influential philosophers of science of the 20th century.

Grondin situates Gadamer's concerns in the context of traditional philosophical issues, showing, for example, how Gadamer both continues and significantly modifies Descartes' approach to the philosophical problem of method and advances rather than simply follows Heidegger's treatment of the relationship of thinking to language. In doing this Grondin shows that the issues of philosophical hermeneutics are relevant to contemporary concerns in science and history.

One of Hume's most well-known works and a masterpiece of philosophy, A Treatise of Human Nature is indubitably worth taking the time to read.

Hans-Georg Gadamer (1900-2002) was one of the greatest philosophers of his era. He was also at the center of some of the century's darkest, most complex historical events. In this magisterial book, Grondin appraises Gadamer's life and achievement. 30 illustrations.

This is a welcome reprint of a book that continues to grow in importance.

This book provides an introduction to the historical sources of philosophical hermeneutics as it has come to fruition in the work of Heidegger and Gadamer.