Results for 'David J. Peterson'

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  1.  16
    Revoking the Moral Order: The Ideology of Positivism and the Vienna Circle.David J. Peterson - 1999 - Lexington Books.
    How did the concept of Western liberalism, rooted in the notions of religious toleration and universal human rights, evolve into the "anything goes" moral relativism of our own late twentieth century society? This is the question at the heart of David Peterson's fascinating examination of the Positivist tradition, one of the most far-reaching philosophical movements of the past two centuries. The book begins prior to the official birth of Positivism with the rise of British Empiricism under David (...)
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  2.  20
    General and Specific Dimensions of Mood Symptoms Are Associated With Impairments in Common Executive Function in Adolescence and Young Adulthood.Elena C. Peterson, Hannah R. Snyder, Chiara Neilson, Benjamin M. Rosenberg, Christina M. Hough, Christina F. Sandman, Leoneh Ohanian, Samantha Garcia, Juliana Kotz, Jamie Finegan, Caitlin A. Ryan, Abena Gyimah, Sophia Sileo, David J. Miklowitz, Naomi P. Friedman & Roselinde H. Kaiser - 2022 - Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 16.
    Both unipolar and bipolar depression have been linked with impairments in executive functioning. In particular, mood symptom severity is associated with differences in common EF, a latent measure of general EF abilities. The relationship between mood disorders and EF is particularly salient in adolescence and young adulthood when the ongoing development of EF intersects with a higher risk of mood disorder onset. However, it remains unclear if common EF impairments have associations with specific symptom dimensions of mood pathology such as (...)
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  3.  42
    Property rights and groundwater in Nebraska.E. Wesley, F. Peterson, J. David Aiken & Bruce B. Johnson - 1993 - Agriculture and Human Values 10 (4):41-49.
    Property rights are important institutions that influence economic performance and reflect the historical, cultural, and political realities of particular societies. Drawing on a variety of concepts from legal and economic studies, a framework for explaining the origin and evolution of property rights is developed and applied to the specific case of changing ground water rights in Nebraska. The Nebraska case is an interesting example of reliance on local control in regulating water use. Despite the importance of local initiatives in ground (...)
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  4. Science looks at spirituality David hay and spirituality as a natural phenomenon: Bringing Pawel M. Socha biological and psychological perspectives together Ellen Goldberg cognitive science and hathayoga.Harold J. Morowitz, Charley D. Hardwick, Ann Pederson, Gregory R. Peterson, Karl E. Peters, Nicole Schmitz-Moormann, James F. Salmon, S. J. Paul H. Carr, Michael W. DeLashmutt & James E. Huchingson - 2005 - Zygon 40 (3-4):788.
     
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  5.  36
    Ethics and Human–Animal Relations: Review Essay. [REVIEW]Anna Peterson - 2021 - Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics 34 (4):1-14.
    This review essay considers five recent books that address the ethical dimensions of human–animal relations. The books are David Favre, Respecting Animals: A Balanced Approach to our Relationship with Pets, Food, and Wildlife; T. J. Kasperbauer, Subhuman: The Moral Psychology of Human Attitudes to Animals; Ben Minteer, The Fall of the Wild: Extinction, De-Extinction, and the Ethics of Conservation; Heather Swanson, Marianne Lien, and Gro Ween, eds., Domestication Gone Wild: Politics and Practices of Multispecies Relations; and Thom van Dooren, (...)
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  6. What is the unity of consciousness?Timothy J. Bayne & David J. Chalmers - 2003 - In Axel Cleeremans (ed.), The Unity of Consciousness: Binding, Integration, and Dissociation. Oxford University Press.
    At any given time, a subject has a multiplicity of conscious experiences. A subject might simultaneously have visual experiences of a red book and a green tree, auditory experiences of birds singing, bodily sensations of a faint hunger and a sharp pain in the shoulder, the emotional experience of a certain melancholy, while having a stream of conscious thoughts about the nature of reality. These experiences are distinct from each other: a subject could experience the red book without the singing (...)
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  7. What is the unity of consciousness.Tim Bayne & David J. Chalmers - 2003 - In Axel Cleeremans (ed.), The Unity of Consciousness: Binding, Integration, and Dissociation. Oxford University Press. pp. 497-539.
    At any given time, a subject has a multiplicity of conscious experiences. A subject might simultaneously have visual experiences of a red book and a green tree, auditory experiences of birds singing, bodily sensations of a faint hunger and a sharp pain in the shoulder, the emotional experience of a certain melancholy, while having a stream of conscious thoughts about the nature of reality. These experiences are distinct from each other: a subject could experience the red book without the singing (...)
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  8. Aristotle's "Rhetoric": Philosophical Essays.Alexander Nehamas & David J. Furley - 1996 - Philosophy and Rhetoric 29 (4):441-444.
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  9.  88
    A descriptive multi-attribute utility model for everyday decisions.Jie W. Weiss, David J. Weiss & Ward Edwards - 2010 - Theory and Decision 68 (1-2):101-114.
    We propose a descriptive version of the classical multi-attribute utility model; to that end, we add a new parameter, momentary salience, to the customary formulation. The addition of this parameter allows the theory to accommodate changes in the decision maker’s mood and circumstances, as the saliencies of anticipated consequences are driven by concerns of the moment. By allowing for the number of consequences given attention at the moment of decision to vary, the new model mutes the criticism that SEU models (...)
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  10.  68
    Irrational: at the moment.Jie W. Weiss & David J. Weiss - 2012 - Synthese 189 (S1):173-183.
    Traditional scientific views of rationality are couched in economic terms; choosing an option that does not maximize expectancy is irrational. The construct has been extended metaphorically so that the term “irrational” now describes any decision deemed foolish by the evaluator. For everyday decisions that do not involve money, a decision maker’s utilities are generally not known to an onlooker. Therefore, the pejorative label may be applied inappropriately because the evaluation is distorted by incorrect assessment of the decision maker’s goals. We (...)
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  11. Mental Control: The War of the Ghosts.Daniel M. Wegner & David J. Schneider - unknown
    Sometimes it feels as though we can control our minds. We catch ourselves looking out the window when we should be paying attention to someone talking, for example, and we purposefully return our attention to the conversation. Or we wrest our minds away from the bothersome thought of an upcoming dental appointment to focus on anything we can find that makes us less nervous. Control attempts such as these can meet with success, leaving us feeling the masters of our consciousness. (...)
     
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  12. "It's like déjà-vu, all over again" : anticipating societal responses to nanotechnologies.Amy K. Wolfe & David J. Bjornstad - 2008 - In Kenneth H. David & Paul B. Thompson (eds.), What Can Nanotechnology Learn From Biotechnology?: Social and Ethical Lessons for Nanoscience From the Debate Over Agrifood Biotechnology and Gmos. Elsevier/Academic Press.
     
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  13.  98
    Business ethics: A cross-cultural comparison of managers' attitudes. [REVIEW]Helmut Becker & David J. Fritzsche - 1987 - Journal of Business Ethics 6 (4):289 - 295.
    A comparison of attitudes among managers from France, Germany and the United States is made with respect to codes of ethics and ethical business philosophy. Findings are also compared with past studies by Baumhart and by Brenner and Molander where data are available. While the current data appear to be consistent with the past studies, there appear to be differences in attitudes among the managers from the three countries.
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  14.  1
    Reply to Anthony Clayton.J. Markus & Tarla Rai Peterson - 1993 - Environmental Values 2 (2):160-161.
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  15.  3
    Does Activating the Human Identity Improve Health-Related Behaviors During COVID-19?: A Social Identity Approach.David J. Sparkman, Kalei Kleive & Emerson Ngu - 2022 - Frontiers in Psychology 13.
    Taking a social identity approach to health behaviors, this research examines whether experimentally “activating” the human identity is an effective public-health strategy to curb the spread of COVID-19. Three goals of the research include examining: whether the human identity can be situationally activated using an experimental manipulation, whether activating the human identity causally increases behavioral intentions to protect the self and others from COVID-19, and whether activating the human identity causally increases behaviors that help protect vulnerable communities from COVID-19. Across (...)
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  16. Thomistic Pride and Liberal Vice.Paul J. Weithman - 1996 - The Thomist 60 (2):241-274.
    In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:THOMISTIC PRIDE AND LIBERAL VICE 1 PAUL J. WEITHMAN University of Notre Dame Notre Dame, Indiana L IBERALISM IS often portrayed, and sometimes portrays itself, as a moral and political view that rejects the claims of tradition. Thus liberals characteristically claim that the traditional standing of a social arrangement contributes little or nothing to its political legitimacy. Whether an arrangement is legitimate depends upon whether or not those who (...)
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  17.  12
    Undone science: social movements, mobilized publics, and industrial transitions. [REVIEW]David J. Hess - unknown
    Introduction -- Repression, ignorance, and undone science -- The epistemic dimension of the political opportunity structure -- The politics of meaning: from frames to design conflicts -- The organizational forms of counterpublic knowledge -- Institutional change, industrial transitions, and regime resistance politics -- Contemporary change: liberalization and epistemic modernization -- Conclusion.
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  18. The Conscious Mind: In Search of a Fundamental Theory (2nd edition).David J. Chalmers - 1996 - Oxford University Press.
    The book is an extended study of the problem of consciousness. After setting up the problem, I argue that reductive explanation of consciousness is impossible , and that if one takes consciousness seriously, one has to go beyond a strict materialist framework. In the second half of the book, I move toward a positive theory of consciousness with fundamental laws linking the physical and the experiential in a systematic way. Finally, I use the ideas and arguments developed earlier to defend (...)
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  19.  1
    Toward a causal model of curiosity and creativity.David J. Grüning & Joachim I. Krueger - 2024 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 47:e99.
    We extend Ivancovsky et al.'s finding on the association between curiosity and creativity by proposing a sequential causal model assuming that (a) curiosity determines the motivation to seek information and that (b) creativity constitutes a capacity to act on that motivation. This framework assumes that both high levels of curiosity and creativity are necessary for information-seeking behavior.
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  20.  5
    Examining the Factor Structure of the Home Mathematics Environment to Delineate Its Role in Predicting Preschool Numeracy, Mathematical Language, and Spatial Skills.David J. Purpura, Yemimah A. King, Emily Rolan, Caroline Byrd Hornburg, Sara A. Schmitt, Sara A. Hart & Colleen M. Ganley - 2020 - Frontiers in Psychology 11.
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  21.  12
    A bias-free test of human temporal bisection: Evidence against bisection at the arithmetic mean.David J. Sanderson - 2024 - Cognition 247 (C):105770.
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  22. Could a large language model be conscious?David J. Chalmers - 2023 - Boston Review 1.
    [This is an edited version of a keynote talk at the conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS) on November 28, 2022, with some minor additions and subtractions.] -/- There has recently been widespread discussion of whether large language models might be sentient or conscious. Should we take this idea seriously? I will break down the strongest reasons for and against. Given mainstream assumptions in the science of consciousness, there are significant obstacles to consciousness in current models: for example, their (...)
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  23. Natural law and human rights : continuities and discontinuities.Cary J. Nederman & Ben Peterson - 2022 - In Tom P. S. Angier, Iain T. Benson & Mark Retter (eds.), The Cambridge handbook of natural law and human rights. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
     
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  24.  9
    Peace in other primates.David J. Grüning & Joachim I. Krueger - 2024 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 47:e10.
    We elaborate on Glowacki's claim that humans are more capable of establishing peace than other mammals. We present three aspects suggesting caution. First, the social capabilities of nonhuman primates should not be underestimated. Second, the effect of these capabilities on peace establishment is nonmonotonous. Third, defining peace by human-centered values introduces a fallacy.
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  25.  3
    UK junior doctors’ strikes and patients with cancer: a morally questionable association.David J. P. Wilkinson - forthcoming - Journal of Medical Ethics.
    Doctors’ strikes are legally permissible in the UK, with the situation differing in other countries. But are they morally permissible? Doug McConnell and Darren Mann have systematically attempted to dismiss the arguments for the moral impermissibility of doctors’ strikes and creatively attempted to provide further moral justification for them. Unfortunately for striking doctors, they fail to achieve this. Meanwhile, junior doctors’ strikes have continued in the UK through 2023 and have now extended into 2024. In this response, which focuses on (...)
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  26. Retooling peace philosophy : a critical look at Israel's separation strategy.J. Peterson-Overton Kristofer, D. Schmidt Johannes & Jaques Hersh - 2010 - In Candice C. Carter & Ravindra Kumar (eds.), Peace Philosophy in Action. Palgrave-Macmillan.
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  27.  1
    Kierkegaard’s Descriptive Philosophy of Religion: The Imagination Poised between Possibility and Actuality.David J. Gouwens - 2024 - Philosophies 9 (3):84.
    Rethinking the powers of the imagination, Søren Kierkegaard both anticipates and challenges contemporary approaches to a descriptive philosophy of religion. In contrast to the reigning approaches to religion in his day, Kierkegaard reconceives philosophy as, first of all, descriptive of human, including specifically ethical and religious, existence. To this end, he develops conceptual tools, including a descriptive ontology of human existence, a “pluralist epistemology” exploring both cognitive and passional dimensions of religion, and a role for the poetic in philosophy, strikingly (...)
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  28.  3
    Building on Success: editorial.David J. Mossley - 2002 - Discourse: Learning and Teaching in Philosophical and Religious Studies 1 (2):83-83.
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  29.  3
    World modeling for the dynamic construction of real-time control plans.David J. Musliner, Edmund H. Durfee & Kang G. Shin - 1995 - Artificial Intelligence 74 (1):83-127.
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  30. Does conceivability entail possibility.David J. Chalmers - 2002 - In Tamar Gendler & John Hawthorne (eds.), Conceivability and Possibility. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 145--200.
    There is a long tradition in philosophy of using a priori methods to draw conclusions about what is possible and what is necessary, and often in turn to draw conclusions about matters of substantive metaphysics. Arguments like this typically have three steps: first an epistemic claim , from there to a modal claim , and from there to a metaphysical claim.
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  31.  5
    Jacques Maritain's Philosophy of Freedom and its Contemporary Relevance.David J. Klassen - 2022 - Maritain Studies/Etudes Maritainiennes 38:88-118.
    This paper is in three parts. In the first part, I consider Maritain’s definition of freedom. He differentiates between two types of freedom: freedom of choice, which he also calls freedom from necessity, and freedom of autonomy or terminal freedom, also called freedom from constraint. The second part considers the three types of political philosophy of freedom identified by Maritain. They may respectively be called liberal individualism, statesponsored collectivism, and communal and personalist philosophy. The third political philosophy, communal and personalist, (...)
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  32. Foxes in the Hen House: Animals, Agribusiness, and the Law.David J. Wolfson, Senior Associate At Milbank, Tweed, Hadley &, L. L. P. McCloy, Lecturer in Law Harvard Law School, Adjunct Professor at the Benjamin N. Cardozo School Of Law, Mariann Sullivan, Deputy Chief Court Attorney at the New York State Appellate Division, First Department & Former Chair of the Animal Law Committee of the Association of the Bar of the City of New York - 2004 - In Cass R. Sunstein & Martha Craven Nussbaum (eds.), Animal rights: current debates and new directions. New York: Oxford University Press.
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  33. Foxes in the Hen House: Animals, Agribusiness, and the Law.David J. Wolfson, Senior Associate At Milbank, Tweed, Hadley &, L. L. P. McCloy, Lecturer in Law Harvard Law School, Adjunct Professor at the Benjamin N. Cardozo School Of Law, Mariann Sullivan, Deputy Chief Court Attorney at the New York State Appellate Division, First Department & Former Chair of the Animal Law Committee of the Association of the Bar of the City of New York - 2004 - In Cass R. Sunstein & Martha Craven Nussbaum (eds.), Animal rights: current debates and new directions. New York: Oxford University Press.
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  34. Legal ethics.David J. Brewer - 1904 - [Albany?:
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  35.  3
    Teacher Perceptions of Their Curricular and Pedagogical Shifts: Outcomes of a Project-Based Model of Teacher Professional Development in the Next Generation Science Standards.David J. Shernoff, Suparna Sinha, Denise M. Bressler & Dawna Schultz - 2017 - Frontiers in Psychology 8.
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  36. Verbal Disputes.David J. Chalmers - 2011 - Philosophical Review 120 (4):515-566.
    The philosophical interest of verbal disputes is twofold. First, they play a key role in philosophical method. Many philosophical disagreements are at least partly verbal, and almost every philosophical dispute has been diagnosed as verbal at some point. Here we can see the diagnosis of verbal disputes as a tool for philosophical progress. Second, they are interesting as a subject matter for first-order philosophy. Reflection on the existence and nature of verbal disputes can reveal something about the nature of concepts, (...)
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  37. Conceptual analysis and reductive explanation.David J. Chalmers & Frank Jackson - 2001 - Philosophical Review 110 (3):315-61.
    Is conceptual analysis required for reductive explanation? If there is no a priori entailment from microphysical truths to phenomenal truths, does reductive explanation of the phenomenal fail? We say yes . Ned Block and Robert Stalnaker say no.
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  38. Consciousness and the Collapse of the Wave Function.David J. Chalmers & Kelvin J. McQueen - 2022 - In Shan Gao (ed.), Consciousness and Quantum Mechanics. Oxford University Press, Usa.
    Does consciousness collapse the quantum wave function? This idea was taken seriously by John von Neumann and Eugene Wigner but is now widely dismissed. We develop the idea by combining a mathematical theory of consciousness (integrated information theory) with an account of quantum collapse dynamics (continuous spontaneous localization). Simple versions of the theory are falsified by the quantum Zeno effect, but more complex versions remain compatible with empirical evidence. In principle, versions of the theory can be tested by experiments with (...)
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  39. Phenomenal Structuralism.David J. Chalmers - 2012 - In David John Chalmers (ed.), Constructing the World. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 412-422.
  40. The representational character of experience.David J. Chalmers - 2004 - In Brian Leiter (ed.), The future for philosophy. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 153--181.
    This chapter analyzes aspects of the relationship between consciousness and intentionality. It focuses on the phenomenal character and the intentional content of perceptual states, canvassing various possible relations among them. It argues that there is a good case for a sort of representationalism, although this may not take the form that its advocates often suggest. By mapping out some of the landscape, the chapter tries to open up territory for different and promising forms of representationalism to be explored in the (...)
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  41. The singularity: A philosophical analysis.David J. Chalmers - 2010 - Journal of Consciousness Studies 17 (9-10):9 - 10.
    What happens when machines become more intelligent than humans? One view is that this event will be followed by an explosion to ever-greater levels of intelligence, as each generation of machines creates more intelligent machines in turn. This intelligence explosion is now often known as the “singularity”. The basic argument here was set out by the statistician I.J. Good in his 1965 article “Speculations Concerning the First Ultraintelligent Machine”: Let an ultraintelligent machine be defined as a machine that can far (...)
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  42. The Foundations of Two-Dimensional Semantics.David J. Chalmers - 2006 - In Manuel García-Carpintero & Josep Macià (eds.), Two-Dimensional Semantics. New York: Oxford: Clarendon Press. pp. 55-140.
    Why is two-dimensional semantics important? One can think of it as the most recent act in a drama involving three of the central concepts of philosophy: meaning, reason, and modality. First, Kant linked reason and modality, by suggesting that what is necessary is knowable a priori, and vice versa. Second, Frege linked reason and meaning, by proposing an aspect of meaning (sense) that is constitutively tied to cognitive signi?cance. Third, Carnap linked meaning and modality, by proposing an aspect of meaning (...)
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  43. Perception and the fall from Eden.David J. Chalmers - 2006 - In Tamar Gendler & John Hawthorne (eds.), Perceptual experience. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 49--125.
    In the Garden of Eden, we had unmediated contact with the world. We were directly acquainted with objects in the world and with their properties. Objects were simply presented to us without causal mediation, and properties were revealed to us in their true intrinsic glory.
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  44. Queens Botanical Garden Visitor and Administration Center.David J. Yocca & Gerhard Hauber - 2008 - Topos 65:89.
     
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  45.  95
    A theologian's typology for science and religion.David J. Zehnder - 2011 - Zygon 46 (1):84-104.
    Abstract: A 1991 article by psychologist John D. Carter offers an underdeveloped insight that typologies for relating science and religion might be fruitfully formulated in discipline-specific perspectives. This essay thus covers a specifically theological perspective only briefly outlined in Carter, and it expands four models that theologians have used to relate religion and science. This essay renames these models and expands their implications, especially for addressing the behavioral sciences. (1) The contrarian model generally opposes science, (2) the apologetic makes theology (...)
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  46.  33
    Basic Concepts of Aristotelian Philosophy.David J. Zoller - 2010 - International Philosophical Quarterly 50 (2):272-275.
  47.  62
    Realism and belief attribution in Heidegger’s phenomenology of religion.David J. Zoller - 2011 - Continental Philosophy Review 45 (1):101-120.
    This essay offers a new reading of Heidegger’s early “formally indicative” view of religious life as a broad critique of popular representations of religious life in the human sciences and public discourse. While it has frequently been understood that Heidegger’s work aims at the “enactment” of religious life, the logic and implications of this have been rather unclear to most readers. Presenting that logic, I argue that Heidegger’s point parallels that of Alfred Schutz in suggesting that typical academic discussions of (...)
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  48. The Virtual and the Real.David J. Chalmers - 2017 - Disputatio 9 (46):309-352.
    I argue that virtual reality is a sort of genuine reality. In particular, I argue for virtual digitalism, on which virtual objects are real digital objects, and against virtual fictionalism, on which virtual objects are fictional objects. I also argue that perception in virtual reality need not be illusory, and that life in virtual worlds can have roughly the same sort of value as life in non-virtual worlds.
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  49. Ontological anti-realism.David J. Chalmers - 2009 - In Ryan Wasserman, David Manley & David Chalmers (eds.), Metametaphysics: New Essays on the Foundations of Ontology. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press.
    The basic question of ontology is “What exists?”. The basic question of metaontology is: are there objective answers to the basic question of ontology? Here ontological realists say yes, and ontological anti-realists say no. (Compare: The basic question of ethics is “What is right?”. The basic question of metaethics is: are there objective answers to the basic question of ethics? Here moral realists say yes, and moral anti-realists say no.) For example, the ontologist may ask: Do numbers exist? The Platonist (...)
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  50. "Diversity, Inclusion, Equity and the Threat to Academic Freedom": Preface.Martín López Corredoira, Tom Todd & Erik J. Olsson - 2022 - In M. López-Corredoira, T. Todd & E. J. Olsson (eds.), Diversity, Inclusion, Equity and the Threat to Academic Freedom. Imprint Academic.
    There can be no doubt that discrimination based on sex, race, ethnicity, religion or beliefs should not be tolerated in academia. Surprisingly, however, in recent years, policies of Diversity, Inclusion and Equity(DIE), officially introduced to counteract discrimination, have increasingly led to quite the opposite result: the exclusion of individuals who do not share a radical 'woke' ideology on identity politics (feminism, other gender activisms, critical race theory, etc.), and to the suppression of the academic freedom to discuss such dogmas. This (...)
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