The ‘ars inveniendi’ of Cicero has been discussed in studies on Rhetoric, but hardly within the framework of philosophy. This article stresses its importance for philosophical reflection by analysing the ‘ars inveniendi’ in the works of Cicero and tracing its further development (Boethius, Agricola, Ramus). Its effect can be retraced in later philosophers who are using the topic of ‘ars inveniendi’, referring to Cicero, such as Bacon and Leibniz.

The ‘ars inveniendi’ of Cicero has been discussed in studies on Rhetoric, but hardly within the framework of philosophy. This article stresses its importance for philosophical reflection by analysing the ‘ars inveniendi’ in the works of Cicero and tracing its further development . Its effect can be retraced in later philosophers who are using the topic of ‘ars inveniendi’, referring to Cicero, such as Bacon and Leibniz.

Bacon is not an empiricist. His critique concerns equally sense-experience and conceptformation. He uses the term „experience” in a wider sense, closely related to „wisdom”. Bacon is not an inductionist. The falsification-principle is explicit in his philosophy. The new meaning of „induction” in Bacon implies that judgements are not mainly guided by the presence of phenomena but by their absence. Bacon is not het precursor of modern science as regards their contents. He has been, on this point, too much influenced (...) by Renaissance natural magic. Bacon anticipates, however, modern sciences with regard to their method. The central issue of his philosophy is, according to his own words, the „ars inveniendi”. In modern terminology: the context of discovery is the main objective of his new methodology. (shrink)

This paper deals with what has been called "ars inveniendi" (’art of finding‘) in antiquity, medieval and early modern times. A survey of different techniques of finding tenable and relevant arguments is presented (among them, the Topical tradition, Status theory, Debate theory, Encyclopedic systems, Creativity techniques). Their advantages and disadvantages are critically compared. It is suggested that a mixture of strategies of finding arguments should be used. Finally, a few remarks showing the relationship beween the strategies of finding arguments (...) and creativity in general are given. (shrink)

Vers la fin du XVI e siècle, le ramisme se répandit en Allemagne, gagna un grand nombre de prosélytes et fit preuve d'une remarquable vitalité. L'histoire de ses effets constitue un intéressant, néanmoins peu recherché chapitre de l'historiographie de la philosophie, et la question portant sur les ‹dettes› éventuelles de Leibniz envers le ramisme se tiend au coeur de cet essai. En premier lieu, quelques caractères théoriques du ramisme allemand et surtout du philippo-ramisme sont mis en évidence, après cela on (...) analyse l'emploi de Leibniz des notions ‹dialectic›, ‹topica› et ‹ars inveniendi› et l'on découvre une syntonisation conceptuelle entre cet emploi et la manière de penser des ramistes. Sans en tirer des conclusions hasardeuses, on peut comprendre le ramisme comme un ingrédient essentiel de l'univers leibnizien complexe et comme un thème de plus en plus important pour Leibniz. (shrink)

L'hypothèse formulée par Tschirnhaus avec la proposition d'une "medicina mentis" répond à la précise question de la notion de salut mental et de la nature pathologique de l'erreur; l'ars inveniendi résoud dans la philosophie de Tschirnhaus le problème de la sagesse par le lien veriîas - delectatio sur la même ligne spinoziènne de la correspondance entre Bien et Plaisir. On recherche ainsi la nature du lien entre Plaisir et Perfection chez Tschirnhaus et Spinoza, en dédiant un espace au rôle (...) de la propriété imaginative dans l'élaboration des lois morales, ainsi qu' à l'importance de la différence entre l'éveil et le sommeil qui mettent en question une philosophie vouée à une longue préparation à la mort pour une notion de vie liée au thème de la delectatio, de l'activité à mesure du faire politique. (shrink)

The article focuses on the complex positioning of people from disempowered backgrounds with respect to liberalism and liberal dividends. The author offers the term liberal bargain, paraphrasing Deniz Kandiyoti’s “patriarchal bargain” and Cynthia Cockburn’s “ethnic bargain,” and dwells on the interconnections between the three. The liberal bargain indicates the particular consciousness and symbolic whitening that “colorized” people tend to adopt when they attempt to cash in on the liberal promise. Within the discourse of postcolonial feminism, the concept is intended to (...) promote the discussion of power differentials among women, through refining the analytically dissatisfactory color metaphors habitually used to address issues of hegemony and ethnocentrism. (shrink)

Articles on 20th century modern philosophy, postmodernism and imperialism.

The current research investigates how religiosity can influence unethicality in a consumption context. In particular, considering the link between extrinsic religious orientations and unethicality, this research clarifies why and when extrinsic religiosity leads to unethical decisions. Across two studies, findings show that ethnocentrism is both a mediator and a moderator of the effects of extrinsic religiosity on consumers’ ethical judgments. This is because extrinsic religiosity leads to ethnocentrism, and in-group loyalty manifested through ethnocentrism increases support for unethical consumer actions, thus (...) establishing ethnocentrism as a mediator. At the same time, different levels of ethnocentrism can also influence how extrinsic religiosity leads to supporting unethical consumption via self-righteousness, thus establishing ethnocentrism as a moderator. The findings from this research have significant implications for diverse stakeholders who have an interest in religiosity and consumer behavior. (shrink)

Various studies on the impact of religiousness on consumer ethics have produced mixed results and suggested further clarification on the issue. Therefore, this article examines the effect of religiousness, materialism, and long-term orientation on consumer ethics in Indonesia. The results from 356 respondents in Indonesia, the largest Muslim population in the world, showed that intrinsic religiousness positively affected consumer ethics, while extrinsic social religiousness negatively affected consumer ethics. However, extrinsic personal religiousness did not affect consumer ethical beliefs dimensions. Unlike other (...) studies in developed countries, materialism and long-term orientation influenced only a few of the consumer ethical beliefs dimensions in this study. To date, the study is one of the first empirical studies to explore the impact of religiousness on consumer ethics in Indonesia. The study contributes to the debate on the impact of religiousness on consumer ethics and can assist managers and public policymakers in their effort to mitigate unethical consumer activities in Indonesia. (shrink)