We present a complete and cut-free proof-system for a fragment of MTL, where modal operators are only labelled by bounded intervals with rational endpoints.

We investigate axiomatizability of various fragments of first order computational tree logic showing that the fragments with the modal operator F are non axiomatizable. These results shows that the only axiomatizable fragment is the one with the modal operator next only.

As COVID-19 emerged as a phenomenon of the total environment, and despite the intertwined and complex relationships that make humanity an organic part of the Bio- and Geospheres, the majority of our responses to it have been corrective in character, with few or no consideration for unintended consequences which bring about further vulnerability to unanticipated global events. Tackling COVID-19 entails a systemic and precautionary approach to human-nature relations, which we frame as regaining diversity in the Geo-, Bio-, and Anthropospheres. Its (...) implementation requires nothing short of an overhaul in the way we interact with and build knowledge from natural and social environments. Hence, we discuss the urgency of shifting from current to precautionary approaches to COVID-19 and look, through the lens of diversity, at the anticipated benefits in four systems crucially affecting and affected by the pandemic: health, land, knowledge and innovation. Our reflections offer a glimpse of the sort of changes needed, from pursuing planetary health and creating more harmonious forms of land use to providing a multi-level platform for other ways of knowing/understanding and turning innovation into a source of global public goods. These exemplary initiatives introduce and solidify systemic thinking in policymaking and move priorities from reaction-based strategies to precautionary frameworks. (shrink)

This review discussed the effects of the impact of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 pandemic on the psychological wellbeing of people with Parkinson's disease focusing specifically on depressive symptoms, anxiety levels, sleep, and quality of life. Together with motor symptoms, psychological symptoms are common and disabling conditions in the clinical course of PD becoming a relevant topic as a result of the lockdown measure due to alter their everyday life. We searched on PubMed online electronic databases for English articles published between (...) January 2020 and 31 December 2021. Twenty-eight relevant studies were found and included in the review. Heterogeneous data emerged from the topics analyzed. Overall, data from depression studies showed significant depressive symptoms if the patient was analyzed longitudinally or vs. a control group consisting in healthy subjects, while these differences become minimal when the control group is a family member. Differently, in most of the studies reviewed there is no evidence of a statistically significant impact on anxiety disorders, nor on the quality of sleep. Conversely, PD patients showed a statistically significant negative impact of QoL compared with control groups or other neurological conditions. Although these findings must be interpreted carefully in the light of the studies' limitations, both in methodology and design, collectively our review showed that COVID-19 pandemic has had negative effects on the mental health of people with PD, due to disruption of healthcare services, loss of usual activities and supports and reduction in physical activity. (shrink)

Dealing with fragmentary texts is an unavoidable task for anyone working on the Greco-Roman world with the awareness that only a tiny portion of the texts produced in antiquity has survived the perilous process of transmission. Since the Renaissance, generations of scholars have painstakingly collected and sifted quotations, paraphrases and allusions in later authors and grammatical sources, laying the foundation for our knowledge of large parts of that lost world. More recently a spectacular increase was made possible by the papyrological (...) discoveries. Even so, after centuries of explorations in this field, the evidence provided by the indirect sources and, in particular, by the still partly unpublished troves of medieval lexicographical excerpts and compilations is far from having been exhaustively exploited. (shrink)

For families all over the world, going through a pandemic has presented a number of challenges. In particular, social distancing measures involving the closure of schools and day care centers, as well as increasing work hours at home, made parents face very demanding situations. However, we know little about whether parents’ burnout levels are influenced by the age of their children. This study sought to determine whether levels of parental burnout are higher in families with at least one child under (...) the age of four than in families with older children. The second goal was to explore whether having children under 4 years of age moderates the relationship between parental cooperation and PB. A cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of 651 participants since May 18th until August 27th, 2020. The main results showed that child age is a predictor of PB. Besides, having a child aged 0–4 years old moderates the relationship between parental cooperation and PB. Finally, it was found that in cases where there was at least one child under 4 years of age in the family, with one of the partners who worked remotely, the respondent’s PB rose by 7.9 points. The implications of these results with respect to the consideration of children’s ages in the different parental scenarios were discussed. (shrink)

"Die vorliegende Fassung des Textes wurde anhand des englischen Originalmanuskriptes von Franco Selleri unter Mitarbeit von Roman U. Sexl erstellt."--T.p. verso.

Introduction Families of patients with dementia may need support in difficult end-of-life decision making. Such guidance may be culturally sensitive. Methods To support families in Canada, a booklet was developed to aid decision making on palliative care issues. For reasons of cost effectiveness and promising effects, we prepared for its implementation in Italy, the Netherlands and Japan. Local teams translated and adapted the booklet to local ethical, legal and medical standards where needed, retaining guidance on palliative care. Using qualitative content (...) analyses, we grouped and compared adaptations to understand culturally sensitive aspects. Results Three themes emerged: (1) relationships among patient, physician and other professionals—the authority of the physician was more explicit in adapted versions; (2) patient rights and family position—adding detail about local regulations; and (3) typology of treatments and decisions. Considerations underlying palliative care decisions were detailed (Dutch and Italian versions), and the Japanese version frequently referred to professional and legal standards, and life-prolongation was a competing goal. Text on artificial feeding or fluids and euthanasia was revised extensively. Conclusions Providing artificial feeding and fluids and discussing euthanasia may be particularly sensitive topics, and guidance on these subjects needs careful consideration of ethical aspects and possible adaptations to local standards and practice. The findings may promote cross-national debate on sensitive, core issues regarding end-of-life care in dementia. (shrink)

In this paper we give a rather detailed algebraic investigation of interpolation and Beth’s property in propositional many-valued logics extending Hájek’s Basic Logic [P. Hájek, Metamathematics of Fuzzy Logic, Kluwer, 1998], and we connect such properties with amalgamation and strong amalgamation in the corresponding varieties of algebras. It turns out that, while the most interesting extensions of in the language of have deductive interpolation, very few of them have Beth’s property or Craig interpolation. Thus in the last part of the (...) paper we look for conservative extensions of having such properties. (shrink)

El objetivo de este trabajo es estudiar los modos en los que la documentación árabe emitida por las notarías mozárabes de Toledo es incluida en dos cartularios elaborados en el scriptorium catedralicio: Toledo, Biblioteca Capitular, 42-20 (1190) y Madrid, Archivo Histórico Nacional, 987B (1257 p. q.). Estos volúmenes tienen en común que no copian las cartas árabes de forma literal, sino que las traducen y resumen. No obstante, también presentan diferencias importantes: mientras que Toledo, Biblioteca Capitular, 42-20 copia algunas firmas (...) árabes, en Madrid, Archivo Histórico Nacional, 987B el árabe está completamente ausente. Además, los volúmenes también se diferencian en la colocación de los resúmenes del árabe en el conjunto de documentos copiados y, sobre todo, en la lengua meta de las traducciones: latín en el primer caso, romance en el segundo. De este modo, el análisis de los mecanismos de recepción del árabe en estos dos cartularios nos proporciona información sobre la convivencia de lenguas en la Toledo medieval y documenta los cambios en el panorama lingüístico en el periodo que medió entre la elaboración de los dos cartularios. (shrink)

Estudio bibliográfico de: / A Bibliographical Study of: D.P. Verene, Vico e il mondo anglosassone (1995); Gustavo Costa, Vico e I'Europa. Contro la boria delle nazioni (1996); Aniello Montano, Storia e convenzione. Vico contro Hobbes. (1996); E. Grassi, Arte e mito (1996); AA.VV., Studi in memoria di Ernesto Grassi, Emilio Hidalgo-Serna & Massimo Marassi eds. (1996).

For every sequence |p n } n of formulas of Peano ArithmeticPA with, every formulaA of the first-order theory diagonalizable algebras, we associate a formula 0 A, called the value ofA inPA with respect to the interpretation. We show that, ifA is true in every diagonalizable algebra, then, for every, 0 A is a theorem ofPA.

In this paper we provide a categorical equivalence for the category \ of product algebras, with morphisms the homomorphisms. The equivalence is shown with respect to a category whose objects are triplets consisting of a Boolean algebra B, a cancellative hoop C and a map \ from B × C into C satisfying suitable properties. To every product algebra P, the equivalence associates the triplet consisting of the maximum boolean subalgebra B, the maximum cancellative subhoop C, of P, and the (...) restriction of the join operation to B × C. Although several equivalences are known for special subcategories of \ , up to our knowledge, this is the first equivalence theorem which involves the whole category of product algebras. The syntactic counterpart of this equivalence is a syntactic reduction of classical logic CL and of cancellative hoop logic CHL to product logic, and viceversa. (shrink)

This book is dedicated to the first ten years of Chaos and Complexity Letters - International Journal of Dynamical Systems Research. This journal was born to collect and disseminate complexity science related information to anybody interested in the topic; to speed up the evolutionary development of complexity science; to extend its interactions crossing over disciplines, levels of knowledge and geography; and to foster finding new pathways in research and new applications. The structure of CCL was specifically designed to add value (...) to the trans-disciplinary approach while, at the same time, differentiating the epistemology of different contributions. In this enterprise we were sustained and inspired by two great companions that in different ways shared our project during its prehistory: Ilya Prigogine and Francisco Varela. This book collects 16 papers appeared on the first ten volumes of Chaos and Complexity Letters. They range from the life sciences, to STEM and economy, in accordance with the interdisciplinary mission of the journal. A special highlight starts with Acceleration and entropy: a macroscopic analogue of the twin paradox, possibly the last paper written by the Nobel Prize Ilya Prigogine with Gonzalo Ordonez. Important academic specialists who wrote in our scientific journal passed away. For example, Walter Freeman, Tullio Minelli, Ilya Prigogine, and Joseph P. Zbilut. This special issue is also dedicated to them. We are in opinion that their trajectories in life and research designed some contours of the shape of a new science to come. (shrink)

In this paper, I fill out the received view of logical positivism within professional philosophy against which Thomas Kuhn’s Structure appeared. To do this, I look at the methodological dimensions of ordinary language criticisms of logical positivist analysis from P.F. Strawson and J.L. Austin. While no one would confuse Strawson and Austin for philosophers of science, I look to their criticisms given the general porousness of sub-disciplinary boundaries in mid-20th century philosophy, the prominence of ordinary language philosophy in the 1950s, (...) and also because Kuhn was likely aware of their criticisms via Stanley Cavell. Their main charge is that the positivists base their ideal language analysis on an impoverished, yet overreaching account of meaning because they ignore ordinary linguistic practices. I then show how these methodological criticisms run parallel to points Kuhn makes against logical positivist approaches to the study of scientific knowledge. The parallels I draw emphasize methodological, rather than doctrinal dissatisfaction in mid-20th century philosophy with logical positivism’s perceived neglect of linguistic and scientific practices. An insight shared by these parallel criticisms is that logical positivists cannot declare linguistic and scientific practices irrelevant to their philosophical aims without an antecedent investigation of the practices under question. (shrink)

The considerable prominence of internet addiction (IA) in adolescence is at least partly explained by the limited knowledge thus far available on this complex phenomenon. In discussing IA, it is necessary to be aware that this is a construct for which there is still no clear definition in the literature. Nonetheless, its important clinical implications, as emerging in recent years, justify the lively interest of researchers in this new form of behavioral addiction. Over the years, studies have associated IA with (...) numerous clinical problems. However, fewer studies have investigated what factors might mediate the relationship between IA and the different problems associated with it. Ours is one such study. The Italian version of the SCL-90 and the IAT were administered to a sample of almost 800 adolescents aged between 16 and 22 years. We found the presence of a significant association between IA and two variables: somatization (β = 7.80; p < 0.001) and obsessive-compulsive symptoms (β = 2.18; p < 0.05). In line with our hypothesis, the results showed that somatization predicted the relationship between obsessive-compulsive symptoms and IA (β = −2.75; t = −3.55; p < 0.001), explaining 24.5% of its variance (ΔR2 = 1.2%; F = 12.78; p < 0.01). In addition, simple slopes analyses revealed that, on reaching clinical significance (+1 SD), somatization showed higher moderation effects in the relationship between obsessive-compulsive symptoms and IA (β = 6.13; t = 7.83; p < 0.001). These results appear to be of great interest due to the absence of similar evidence in the literature, and may open the way for further research in the IA field. Although the absence of studies in the literature does not allow us to offer an exhaustive explanation of these results, our study supports current addiction theories which emphasize the important function performed by the enteroceptive system, alongside the more cited reflexive and impulsive systems. (shrink)

In 1950, B.A. Trakhtenbrot showed that the set of first-order tautologies associated to finite models is not recursively enumerable. In 1999, P. Hájek generalized this result to the first-order versions of Łukasiewicz, Gödel and Product logics, w.r.t. their standard algebras. In this paper we extend the analysis to the first-order versions of axiomatic extensions of MTL. Our main result is the following. Let \ be a class of MTL-chains. Then the set of all first-order tautologies associated to the finite models (...) over chains in \, fTAUT\, is \ -hard. Let TAUT\ be the set of propositional tautologies of \. If TAUT\ is decidable, we have that fTAUT\ is in \. We have similar results also if we expand the language with the Δ operator. (shrink)

This paper investigates a quasi-variety of representable integral commutative residuated lattices axiomatized by the quasi-identity resulting from the well-known Wajsberg identity → q ≤ → p if it is written as a quasi-identity, i. e., → q ≈ 1 ⇒ → p ≈ 1. We prove that this quasi-identity is strictly weaker than the corresponding identity. On the other hand, we show that the resulting quasi-variety is in fact a variety and provide an axiomatization. The obtained results shed some light (...) on the structure of Archimedean integral commutative residuated chains. Further, they can be applied to various subvarieties of MTL-algebras, for instance we answer negatively Hájek's question asking whether the variety of ΠMTL-algebras is generated by its Archimedean members. (shrink)

L’articolo affronta il problema delle implicazioni politiche dei tumulti causati dalle ondate di cattivi raccolti e scarsità di cereali in Gran Bretagna nel XVIII secolo. Il dibattito e i documenti dell’epoca non sembrano convalidare le ipotesi critiche connesse con l’idea foucaultiana di governamentalità o con la difesa smithiana di libero commercio dei grani. Più feconde appaiono le tesi di E.P. Thompson e J. Bohstedt, entrambe legate al rapporto tra sussistenze, deferenza e stabilità sociale. Sono anche prese in considerazione le misure (...) relative ai distillati e le reazioni popolari alle stesse. (shrink)

Jean-Claude Forquin é professor da UFR de Psychologie, Sociologie et Sciences de l'Education da Universidade de Rouen, na França, e desde a década de 70, tem elaborado uma série de escritos sobre educação. Seu livro Escola e Cultura é uma versão abreviada de sua tese de doutorado de estado em Letras e Ciências Humanas, defendida em 1987, na Universidade de Ciências Humanas de Estrasburgo, cujo título é Le débat sur l 'école et la culture chez les théoriciens et sociologues de (...) l'education en Grande-Bretagne (1960-1985). A problemática central desta obra é discutir o que a escola deve ensinar, que cultura ela deve transmitir, quais conteúdos devem fazer parte do currículo escolar. O autor preocupa-se com estas questões porque considera que o fator essencial da crise da educação, desde os anos 60, é a crise na sua função específica de transmissão cultural - os professores não têm mais certeza do que devem ensinar para seus alunos. Por isso, ele defende que a teoria da educação, além de examinar as relações entre a escola e fatores externos a ela como o contexto econômico, político-administrativo, deve deter-se mais na análise interna desta instituição social, dos conteúdos e saberes escolares. (shrink)

The first research report of the APDA project. Findings include that "gender is a significant predictor of type of placement (i.e. permanent versus temporary). The intercept tells us that the odds for male participants to have a permanent academic placement within the first two years after graduation are statistically significant at .37, p < 0.001 when year of graduation is held constant. The odds for female participants to have a permanent academic placement are 1.85, p < 0.001 when graduation year (...) is held constant. In terms of differences, the odds of having a permanent (versus temporary) academic placement are 85% greater for females as compared to males.". (shrink)

Originally published in 1950, this book contains an edited version of the French text of Ernest Renan's 1871 work La réforme intellectuelle et morale, in which Renan makes suggestions intended to improve France in the wake of its defeat by Germany in the Franco-Prussian War. Charvet supplies a biographical note at the beginning of the book explaining Renan's life and opinions. This book will be of value to anyone with an interest in French history and the work of Renan.