We present a self-contained exposition of the basic aspects of simple theories while developing the fundamentals of forking calculus. We expound also the deeper aspects of S. Shelah's 1980 paper Simple unstable theories. The concept of weak dividing has been replaced with that of forking. The exposition is from a contemporary perspective and takes into account contributions due to S. Buechler, E. Hrushovski, B. Kim, O. Lessmann, S. Shelah and A. Pillay.

This article examines one of Italo Calvino’s most beloved novels, (1957), contextualizing it in its landscape and exploring the multifaceted strands of its environmental creativity. Unsuspected paths of political ecology, environmental history, and even biosemiotics and plant neurophysiology will emerge, thus showing the timeliness and clairvoyance of his books vis-à-vis our planetary crises. Written in a seminarrative form, this piece is an invitation to read literary works not only along with their landscapes, but their landscapes, and to consider the potential (...) of more-than-human stories for the shaping of our ethical-environmental imagination. (shrink)

This article examines one of Italo Calvino’s most beloved novels, (1957), contextualizing it in its landscape and exploring the multifaceted strands of its environmental creativity. Unsuspected paths of political ecology, environmental history, and even biosemiotics and plant neurophysiology will emerge, thus showing the timeliness and clairvoyance of his books vis-à-vis our planetary crises. Written in a seminarrative form, this piece is an invitation to read literary works not only along with their landscapes, but their landscapes, and to consider the potential (...) of more-than-human stories for the shaping of our ethical-environmental imagination. (shrink)

Toward a New Socialism offers a critical analysis of capitalism's failings and the imminent need for socialism as an alternative form of government. Dr. Richard Schmitt joins with Dr. Anatole Anton to compile a volume of essays exploring the benefits and consequences of a socialist system as an avenue of increased human solidarity and ethical principle.

We study connections between asymptotic structure in a Banach space and model theoretic properties of the space. We show that, in an asymptotic sense, a sequence $$ in a Banach space X generates copies of one of the classical sequence spaces $\ell_p$ or $c_0$ inside X if and only if the quantifier-free types approximated by $$ inside X are quantifier-free definable. More precisely, if $$ is a bounded sequence X such that no normalized sequence of blocks of $$ converges, then (...) the following two conditions are equivalent. There exists a sequence $$ of blocks of $$ such that for every finite dimensional subspace E of X, every quantifier-free type over $E +\overline{\rm span}\{y_n\mid n\in \mathbb{N}\}$ is quantifier-free definable. One of the following two conditions holds: there exists $1\le p 0$ and every finite dimensional subspace E of X there exists a sequence of blocks of $$ which is $$-equivalent over E to the standard unit basis of $\ell_p$; for every $\epsilon>0$ and every finite dimensional subspace E of X there exists a sequence of blocks of $$ which is $$-equivalent over E to the standard unit basis of $c_0$. Several byproducts of the proof are analyzed. (shrink)

We present a framework for model theoretic forcing in a non first order context, and present some applications of this framework to Banach space theory.

We study a class of [0,1][0,1]-valued logics. The main result of the paper is a maximality theorem that characterizes these logics in terms of a model-theoretic property, namely, an extension of the omitting types theorem to uncountable languages.

Material Ecocriticism offers new ways to analyze language and reality, human and nonhuman life, mind and matter, without falling into well-worn paths of thinking. Bringing ecocriticism closer to the material turn, the contributions to this landmark volume focus on material forces and substances, the agency of things, processes, narratives and stories, and making meaning out of the world. This broad-ranging reflection on contemporary human experience and expression provokes new understandings of the planet to which we are intimately connected.

An international and interdisciplinary team of scholars offer innovative models of thinking about environmentality in the humanities and in Anthropocene discourse in the environmental sciences.

In this paper we analyze some aspects of the question of using methods from model theory to study structures of functional analysis.By a well known result of P. Lindström, one cannot extend the expressive power of first order logic and yet preserve its most outstanding model theoretic characteristics (e.g., compactness and the Löwenheim-Skolem theorem). However, one may consider extending the scope of first order in a different sense, specifically, by expanding the class of structures that are regarded as models (e.g., (...) including Banach algebras or other structures of functional analysis), and ask whether the resulting extensions of first order model theory preserve some of its desirable characteristics.A formal framework for the study of structures based on Banach spaces from the perspective of model theory was first introduced by C. W. Henson in [8] and [6]. Notions of syntax and semantics for these structures were defined, and it was shown that using them one obtains a model theoretic apparatus that satisfies many of the fundamental properties of first order model theory. For instance, one has compactness, Löwenheim-Skolem, and omitting types theorems. Further aspects of the theory, namely, the fundamentals of stability and forking, were first introduced in [10] and [9].The classes of mathematical structures formally encompassed by this framework are normed linear spaces, possibly expanded with additional structure,e.g., operations, real-valued relations, and constants. This notion subsumes wide classes of structures from functional analysis. However, the restriction that the universe of a structure be a normed space is not necessary. (This restriction has a historical, rather than technical origin; specifically, the development of the theory was originally motivated by questions in Banach space geometry.) Analogous techniques can be applied if the universe is a metric space. Now, when the underlying metric topology is discrete, the resulting model theory coincides with first order model theory, so this logic extends first order in the sense described above. Furthermore, without any cost in the mathematical complexity, one can also work in multi-sorted contexts, so, for instance, one sort could be an operator algebra while another is. say, a metric space. (shrink)

We introduce the concepts of Morley rank and Morley degree for structures based on Banach spaces. We characterize ω-stability in terms of Morley rank, and prove the existence of prime models for ω-stable theories.

The role played by real-valued functions in functional analysis is fundamental. One often considers metrics, or seminorms, or linear functionals, to mention some important examples. We introduce the notion of definable real-valued function in functional analysis: a real-valued function f defined on a structure of functional analysis is definable if it can be "approximated" by formulas which do not involve f. We characterize definability of real-valued functions in terms of a purely topological condition which does not involve logic.

In un periodo in cui la storiografia filosofica italiana andava ridefinendo la sua identità, dopo la crisi dell’"egemonia" crociana e gentiliana, quella di Valerio Verra è stata senz’altro una delle figure più notevoli. A lui si deve infatti la ridefinizione di alcune tra le più importanti categorie storiografiche, e l’idea che la ricerca storica sia indispensabile per riconoscere, al di là di preconcetti teorici, la natura e i compiti della filosofia contemporanea. A due anni dalla morte, queste pagine ne analizzano (...) l’attività di storico della filosofia nel contesto in cui si è formata, mettendone in evidenza tematiche, metodi e criteri. (shrink)

Ende des Sommers 1818, während seines Aufenthalts in München, trifft Victor Cousin Schelling und läßt sich Fichtes Leben in Jena für seine Fragments philosophiques schildern. Der Philosoph wird als »le plus sincère, le plus vertueux, mais aussi le plus obstiné des hommes« charakterisiert. Er stellt ihn dann Goethe gegenüber, damals Geheimrat des Großherzogs Karl-August von Sachsen-Weimar: »Jamais deux hommes ne se convinrent moins que le grand poète et le grand philosophe«, sagt Cousin. Und die Gründe für diese Urteile sind mannigfaltig. (...) Wenn einerseits Fichte in Jena als Verfasser des Beitrags zur Berichtigung der Urtheile des Publikums über die französische Revolution auch erkannt worden war und - obwohl er jede auffälligen Äußerungen zu vermeiden suchte - er auch kein Geheimnis aus seinen demokratischen Überzeugungen machte, hatte sich andererseits Goethe sowohl in seinen Werken als auch in seiner politischen Tätigkeit immer gegen jede gewalttätige Revolution erklärt, die danach strebte, die angestammte Obrigkeit zu vernichten. Diese seine Haltung entspringt unmittelbar Goethes Idee, daß die Natur - und mit ihr die Geschichte - im Grunde eher der Ort ununterbrochener und langsamer Metamorphosen als unvorhersehbarer Brüche sei. Hier wirkt das gleiche Motiv, daß sich Wilhelm Meister von einem angehenden Schauspieler durch Einfluß einer geheimen Gesellschaft auch seelisch zu einem Arzt wandeln läßt, und es ist im Grunde auch das Gleiche, wenn Goethe in der Geologie den Neptunismus Werners dem Vulkanismus vorzieht. Der Vielseitigkeit der Interessen eines Goethe, der gleichsam Dichter und Naturforscher, Minister und Weltmann war, steht die Gestalt eines Fichtes gegenüber, der sein ganzes Leben der monolithischen Konstruktion der philosophischen Wissenschaftslehre gewidmet hat. Aber auch philosophisch trennt sie ein Abgrund zutiefst. (shrink)

Ende des Sommers 1818, während seines Aufenthalts in München, trifft Victor Cousin Schelling und läßt sich Fichtes Leben in Jena für seine Fragments philosophiques schildern. Der Philosoph wird als »le plus sincère, le plus vertueux, mais aussi le plus obstiné des hommes« charakterisiert. Er stellt ihn dann Goethe gegenüber, damals Geheimrat des Großherzogs Karl-August von Sachsen-Weimar: »Jamais deux hommes ne se convinrent moins que le grand poète et le grand philosophe«, sagt Cousin. Und die Gründe für diese Urteile sind mannigfaltig. (...) Wenn einerseits Fichte in Jena als Verfasser des Beitrags zur Berichtigung der Urtheile des Publikums über die französische Revolution auch erkannt worden war und - obwohl er jede auffälligen Äußerungen zu vermeiden suchte - er auch kein Geheimnis aus seinen demokratischen Überzeugungen machte, hatte sich andererseits Goethe sowohl in seinen Werken als auch in seiner politischen Tätigkeit immer gegen jede gewalttätige Revolution erklärt, die danach strebte, die angestammte Obrigkeit zu vernichten. Diese seine Haltung entspringt unmittelbar Goethes Idee, daß die Natur - und mit ihr die Geschichte - im Grunde eher der Ort ununterbrochener und langsamer Metamorphosen als unvorhersehbarer Brüche sei. Hier wirkt das gleiche Motiv, daß sich Wilhelm Meister von einem angehenden Schauspieler durch Einfluß einer geheimen Gesellschaft auch seelisch zu einem Arzt wandeln läßt, und es ist im Grunde auch das Gleiche, wenn Goethe in der Geologie den Neptunismus Werners dem Vulkanismus vorzieht. Der Vielseitigkeit der Interessen eines Goethe, der gleichsam Dichter und Naturforscher, Minister und Weltmann war, steht die Gestalt eines Fichtes gegenüber, der sein ganzes Leben der monolithischen Konstruktion der philosophischen Wissenschaftslehre gewidmet hat. Aber auch philosophisch trennt sie ein Abgrund zutiefst. (shrink)

Ende des Sommers 1818, während seines Aufenthalts in München, trifft Victor Cousin Schelling und läßt sich Fichtes Leben in Jena für seine Fragments philosophiques schildern. Der Philosoph wird als »le plus sincère, le plus vertueux, mais aussi le plus obstiné des hommes« charakterisiert. Er stellt ihn dann Goethe gegenüber, damals Geheimrat des Großherzogs Karl-August von Sachsen-Weimar: »Jamais deux hommes ne se convinrent moins que le grand poète et le grand philosophe«, sagt Cousin. Und die Gründe für diese Urteile sind mannigfaltig. (...) Wenn einerseits Fichte in Jena als Verfasser des Beitrags zur Berichtigung der Urtheile des Publikums über die französische Revolution auch erkannt worden war und - obwohl er jede auffälligen Äußerungen zu vermeiden suchte - er auch kein Geheimnis aus seinen demokratischen Überzeugungen machte, hatte sich andererseits Goethe sowohl in seinen Werken als auch in seiner politischen Tätigkeit immer gegen jede gewalttätige Revolution erklärt, die danach strebte, die angestammte Obrigkeit zu vernichten. Diese seine Haltung entspringt unmittelbar Goethes Idee, daß die Natur - und mit ihr die Geschichte - im Grunde eher der Ort ununterbrochener und langsamer Metamorphosen als unvorhersehbarer Brüche sei. Hier wirkt das gleiche Motiv, daß sich Wilhelm Meister von einem angehenden Schauspieler durch Einfluß einer geheimen Gesellschaft auch seelisch zu einem Arzt wandeln läßt, und es ist im Grunde auch das Gleiche, wenn Goethe in der Geologie den Neptunismus Werners dem Vulkanismus vorzieht. Der Vielseitigkeit der Interessen eines Goethe, der gleichsam Dichter und Naturforscher, Minister und Weltmann war, steht die Gestalt eines Fichtes gegenüber, der sein ganzes Leben der monolithischen Konstruktion der philosophischen Wissenschaftslehre gewidmet hat. Aber auch philosophisch trennt sie ein Abgrund zutiefst. (shrink)

We show that a formula φ(x, y) is stable if and only if φ is the pairing map on the unit ball of E x E * , where E is a reflexive Banach space. The result remains true if the formula φ is replaced by a set of formulas $p(\bar{x},\bar{y})$.

Given a convergence theorem in analysis, under very general conditions a model-theoretic compactness argument implies that there is a uniform bound on the rate of metastability. We illustrate with three examples from ergodic theory.

In 2018, the Chinese scientist He Jiankui presented his research at the Second International Summit on Human Genome Editing in Hong Kong. While it was intended that he facilitate a workshop, he was instead called on to present his research in heritable human genome editing, where he made the announcement that he had taken great strides in advancement of his research, to the extent that he had gene-edited human embryos and that this had resulted in the live births of two (...) children. While his research ethic and methodology was interrogated, he insisted that two children, twin girls, had been born healthy and that there was another pregnancy (at the time) where birth of a third gene edited child would be imminent. This announcement generated a ripple effect in the scientific community and exposed the gaps in regulation and absence of law relating to the technology. This resulted in a flurry of activity and conversation around regulation of the technology, which scientists stated was not ready for human trials. This article reviews the Third Summit which was held in London in March 2023 and comments on the latest developments in the regulation of heritable human genome editing. (shrink)

Contributed articles on relations in Indian philosophy and Sanskrit grammar.

In print for the first time in over ten years, Act and Crime provides a unified account of the theory of action presupposed by both Anglo-American criminal law and the morality that underlies it. The book defends the view that human actions are always volitionally caused bodily movements and nothing else. The theory is used to illuminate three major problems in the drafting and the interpretation of criminal codes: 1) what the voluntary act requirement both does and should require; 2) (...) what complex descriptions of actions prohibited by criminal codes both do and should require ; and 3) when two actions are 'the same' for purposes of assessing whether multiple prosecutions and multiple punishments are warranted. The book both contributes to the development of a coherent theory of action in philosophy, and it provides both legislators and judges a grounding in three of the most basic elements of criminal liability. (shrink)

Biography of Jayatīrtha, fl. 1365-1388, Indian philosopher.

Biography of Madhva, 13th cent. Hindu religious leader and founder of Mādhva sect.

Classical verse work, expounding the early Vedantic approach in Hindu philosophy; Sanskrit text with Hindi translation and exhaustive introduction.

Supercommentary on Jayatīrtha's R̥gbhāṣyaṭīkā, which in turn is a supercommentary on Madhva's R̥gbhāṣya, setting forth the Dvaita point of view in Hindu philosophy.