El realismo de Zubiri se sitúa en la superación del dualismo gnoseológico establecido por el realismo clásico y su crítica moderna. La superación pasa por su conocida inteligencia sentiente, con la que gracias a la congenereidad de inteligir y sentir o sentir e inteligir, tradicionalmente escindidas, se puede establecer una relación con la realidad y, consecuentemente, con uno mismo, radicalmente diversa. Esta accesibilidad se apoya en lo sentiente, que no tiene que ver solo con lo perceptivo –que también– sino que (...) es extensible a lo relacionado con el ámbito afectivo humano. No por ello hay que abandonar la inteligencia como tal, pues ello implicaría un irracionalismo totalmente ajeno al pensar zubiriano; todo lo contrario, hay que considerarla pero desde este nuevo cuadro de coordenadas establecido por la aprehensión intelectivo-sentiente de la realidad, verdadero antídoto para evitar una autorreferencialidad en un uso concipiente de la inteligencia abandonada a sí misma. En sus obras Zubiri ha tratado más el momento intelectivo, siempre incardinado en el seno de la inteligencia sentiente. Queda, pues, una tarea muy importante como es articular filosóficamente el otro momento, el sentiente, en el acto aprehensor de la realidad. En este sentido, su análisis estético puede presentar a mi modo de ver grandes posibilidades. (shrink)

El pensamiento estético ha sido una constante en la tradición filosófica española contemporánea, y seguramente no ha sido por casualidad. Podemos preguntarnos por qué. Como es sabido, nuestro pensamiento durante el siglo XX ha tenido como uno de sus principales focos de atención «lo vital» o, mejor dicho, la integración de razón y vida: desde el gran paso que supuso el raciovitalismo orteguiano, la preocupación por este tema ha sido una constante entre nuestros autores. Con su pensamiento Ortega se une (...) a una tradición de autores como Schopenhauer, Nietzsche o Bergson, en la que se pone de manifiesto cómo es preciso pensar en diversos modos de ejercer la razón al meramente conceptual o teorético. Esta nueva dimensión se encuentra vinculada al ámbito de lo estético. Así, lo estético deja de ser únicamente una reflexión sobre el arte y la belleza, para erigirse en un modo diverso de acceso a lo real, tal y como se puede apreciar en el mismo Ortega, en d’Ors, Zambrano... y Zubiri, quien con su inteligencia sentiente lleva a su máxima expresión —a mi modo de ver— el acceso estético a la realidad, tal y como explica en sus breves «Reflexiones filosóficas sobre lo estético». (shrink)

Nel colloquio svoltosi nel 1976 tra il grande filosofo tedesco e due inviati del settimanale "Der Spiegel", Heidegger risponde alle accuse che gli sono state rivolte di collusione con il nazismo. Il volume è completato da un saggio sul suo pensiero politico.

Nesse artigo, trato da comparatio entre dois personagens, como forma de pôr em evidência qualidades ou defeitos, em comum (simile) ou em pares de contrários (contrarium), partindo do exemplo de Tibério, nos seis primeiros livros dos Annales. Para ajudar a compor o retrato do imperador nessa obra, Tácito emprega o simile, associando Tibério ao cruel Sejano, chefe da guarda, e o contrarium, comparando sua personagem principal ao herói militar Germânico.

Resumen: El enfoque de máquinas nomológicas como esquema de funcionamiento de los modelos económicos supone la existencia de conjunciones constantes de eventos que tienen lugar en tanto se cumplan con determinadas cláusulasceteris paribus. Este enfoque supone causalidad del tipo lineal, una metodología del tipo macro-micro-macro, y un aislamiento respecto del entorno en el cual dicha máquina opera, lo cual lo hace congruente con el pensamiento neo-mecanicista. Consideramos que estos supuestos son cuestionables bajo el paradigma de la complejidad. En particular, dado (...) que gran parte de los fenómenos económicos responden a una causalidad no lineal, es necesario tener en consideración interacciones que no se dan en un nivel ni micro ni macro sinomeso, y que no es necesario ni conveniente hacer un aislamiento con el entorno, sino que es posible contemplarlo utilizando modelos de simulación.: The nomological machines approach as a scheme of operation of economic models presupposes the existence of constant conjunctions of events that take place as long as certain ceteris paribus clauses are fulfilled. This approach involves linear causality, a macro-micro-macro methodology, and an isolated environment in which the machine operates, which makes it consistent with the neo-mechanistic approach. We believe that these assumptions are questionable under the paradigm of complexity. Given that a large part of economic phenomena responds to non-linear causality, it is necessary to consider interactions that do not occur at a micro or macro level but rather at a meso-level, and that it is neither necessary nor desirable to isolate from the environment, but it is possible to contemplate it using simulation models. (shrink)

Normal 0 21 false false false ES X-NONE X-NONE MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Tabla normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} After a brief introduction in which I underline the acknowledgment that Emil Kettering makes about the importance of the concept of nearness in Martin Heidegger’s philosophy, but in which I also take distance from his approach to (...) the fundamental relation between language and nearness, which I consider limited, I state that the late Heideggerian conception of language can be better understood if these two concepts are considered, in a rigorous Heideggerian sense, as “the same” [das Selbe]. With the aim of giving this thesis a phenomenological foundation I approach the Heideggerian reflection on the nearness in five levels, beginning with the usual definition of nearness as “short distance” and ending with its identification with the language. My approach to this matter focuses exclusively on the late work of Heidegger. (shrink)

I. Pragmatismus und Neukantianismus Marc Rölli: Die Durchquerung des Absoluten. Zur Hegel-Rezeption John Deweys Wolfgang Bonsiepen: Hegel und der Neukantianismus Matthias Wunsch: Phänomenologie des Symbolischen? Die Hegelrezeption Ernst Cassirers II. Phänomenologie - Ontologie - Lebensphilosophie Annette Sell: Das Geheimnis des Anfangs. Die Aufnahme des Hegelschen Anfangsbegriffs in der Philosophie Martin Heideggers Hans-Ulrich Lessing: Hegel und Helmuth Plessner: Die verpaßte Rezeption Walter Jaeschke: Der Geist und sein Sein. Nicolai Hartmann auf Hegelschen Wegen Holger Glinka: Aus Phänomenologie mach Dialektik. Jean-Paul Sartres Anverwandlung (...) Hegels III. Marxistische Tradition und kritische Theorie Andreas Arndt: Lenin liest Hegel Daniel Althof: Das "Geklapper der Triplizität" - Adornos Hegelrezeption Christoph J. Bauer: Mit Hegel gegen den 'Positivismus' - mit Hegel zum 'Wesen des Menschen'. Herbert Marcuses Interpretation der Hegelschen Urteilslehre IV. Postmoderne und Gegenwart Karin de Boer: Differenz: zwischen Hegel und Derrida Robert B. Pippin: Brandoms Hegel. (shrink)

Pretendemos neste trabalho sustentar a ideia de que, seguindo um percurso que vai de Sein und Zeit aos textos mais tardios, a compreensão do pensar, especialmente tendo em conta a íntima relação desta compreensão com o conceito de existência, esteve caracterizada pela concepção de finitude. Assim, segundo esta hipótese, o pensamento da história do ser teria como meta revelar ao mesmo tempo o retraimento do ser que se opera por um pensar – chamemo-lo de “expropriador” – e a necessidade (...) de se inaugurar um novo pensar, que é o que estaria em jogo na viragem. Intuídos já em Sein und Zeit morte e finitude, firmar-se-iam como conceitos nucleares para a compreensão da importância, do alcance e da posteridade da filosofia heideggeriana. (shrink)

We performed a critical review of the historiographical studies on biogeography. We began with the pioneering works of Augustin and Alphonse de Candolle. Then, we analyzed the historical accounts of biogeography developed by (1) Martin Fichman and his history on the extensionism-permanentism debate; (2) Gareth Nelson and his critique of the Neo-Darwinian historiography of biogeography; (3) Ernst Mayr, with his dispersalist viewpoint; (4) Alan Richardson, who wrote a microhistory on the biogeographic model constructed by Darwin; (5) Michael Paul Kinch and (...) the ideas discussed in the 19th century about the geographical distribution of living beings; (6) Janet Browne, who highlighted the importance of the pre-Darwinian naturalists; (7) Peter Bowler, who focused mainly on the influence of paleontology on biogeography; (8) James Larson, who looked into the practices of the naturalists of Northern Europe in the late 18th century; and (9) Malte Ebach, who like Larson, was more interested in analysing the practices rather than the ideas of naturalists who studied the geographical distribution of organisms. Finally, these works are compared with each other. There has not been a dominant paradigm in the construction of historical narratives of biogeography; however, they provide a useful context for understanding problems of biogeography that continue to be debated to this day. (shrink)

The phenomenon of altruism extends from the biological realm to the human sociocultural realm. This article sketches a coherent outline of multiple types of altruism of progressively increasing scope that span these two realms and are grounded in an ever-expanding sense of “self.” Discussion of this framework notes difficulties associated with altruism at different levels. It links scientific ideas about the evolution of cooperation and about hierarchical order to perennial philosophical and religious concerns. It offers a conceptual background for inquiry (...) into societal challenges that call for altruistic behavior, especially the challenge of environmental and social sustainability. (shrink)

We give an exposition of Hrushovskiʼs New Strongly Minimal Set : A strongly minimal theory which is not locally modular but does not interpret an infinite field. We give an exposition of his construction.

We extend the construction of a global square sequence in extender models from Zeman [8] to a construction of coherent non-threadable sequences and give a characterization of stationary reflection at inaccessibles similar to Jensen’s characterization in L.

The International Bill of Human Rights (IBHR) enjoys universal acclaim as the source of the best standards and definition of human rights. This paper argues that the IBHR is inspired by liberalism and harbours ambiguities that open the door to a neoliberal seizure of the rights agenda; and that this effectively destabilises the focus on the IBHR on socio-economic and community rights, and therefore its stated ideal of the equal value of all human rights. I argue that Kwame Gyekye's moderate (...) communitarian political philosophy affords a viable philosophical basis for justification of a more balanced conception of human rights than the theoretical basis of the IBHR does. (shrink)

A political challenge facing constitutional democracies in Africa is the lack of adequate representation and participation of citizens in democratic processes and institutions. This challenge is manifest in the vesting of power solely in, and the exercise of this power by, a sectional group – the majority party – to the exclusion of others; as evinced in the liberal democratic systems extensively practised on the continent. Wiredu proposes as a solution to these challenges the adoption of consensual democracy; an indigenous, (...) non-party democratic system rooted in the traditional African humanist and communitarian conceptions of the individual and the community, in which political decisions are characteristically reached by consensus. In this article, I present a critical exposition of Wiredu’s consensual democracy and defend it against liberal democracy on the one hand, and criticisms levelled against it on the other hand. I also offer some modifications to Wiredu’s theory in a bid to render it more suitable for practice in Africa. (shrink)

A physician and spokesman for the French Ideologues, Pierre-JeanGeorges Cabanis (1757-1808) stands at the crossroads of several influential developments in modern culture--Enlightenment optimism about human perfectibility, the clinical method in medicine, and the formation and adaptation of liberal social ideals in the French Revolution. This first major study of Cabanis in English traces the influences of these developments on his thought and career. Originally published in 1980. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously (...) out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905. (shrink)

This paper examines the question of whether human rights are related to ontology. It examines perspectives on this question from human rights theories in the Western and African traditions of philosophy and defends the thesis that a good account of human rights requires an explicit ontology of the human, and that taking this seriously engenders divergent conclusions about what rights are. It then proceeds to claim that the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights adds substantive features to the International (...) Bill of Human Rights, and that the Charter expresses Kwame Gyekye’s ontology of the human being. (shrink)

For the computability of subsets of real numbers, several reasonable notions have been suggested in the literature. We compare these notions in a systematic way by relating them to pairs of ‘basic’ ones. They turn out to coincide for full-dimensional convex sets; but on the more general class of regular sets, they reveal rather interesting ‘weaker/stronger’ relations. This is in contrast to single real numbers and vectors where all ‘reasonable’ notions coincide.

Lighting upon Weber as a history student in the late 1950s led to all round engagement with his work to the present day, beginning with rationality and bureaucracy, passing through appreciation of his synoptic vision of modernity, and arguing for the continuing relevance of his rationalization thesis. This emphasis on Weber’s contribution to understanding the course of modernity led in the 1990s to pointing out that his approach to epochal shift provides the basis for understanding the global age. The ever-developing (...) nature of his thought can be further illustrated in his studies of China. (shrink)

We congratulate Fox and her colleagues (2007) for contributing to the published empirical literature on ethics consultation in United States hospitals. Their study demonstrates the continued wide v...

I propose a novel way to understand the stringency of Kant’s conception of beneficence. This novel understanding can ground our intuition that we do not have to forego (almost) all pursuit of our personal ends. I argue that we should understand the application of imperfect duties to specific cases according to the framework set by the adoption and promotion of ends. Agents have other ends than obligatory ones and they must weigh obligatory ends against these other ends. Obligatory ends are (...) special among ends only insofar as their adoption is not optional. My reading of the normative status of imperfect duties affords a way of thinking about beneficence modelled on the everyday ways in which agents pursue their personal projects and weigh different ends against each other. This establishes a middle-ground between an extremely demanding conception of beneficence and an overly latitudinarian one. Furthermore, it helps us understand why we do not have to be maximally beneficent and why there is a bias towards the near in our thinking about rescue cases. (shrink)