Après le rapport du « Club de Rome », le débat écologique a acquis une très grande audience à l’Ouest. Les « limites de la croissance » étaient discutées publiquement dans de nombreux ouvrages à succès et faisaient l’objet de débats dans le champ politique, culturel, économique et social. Un mouvement environnemental s’est constitué qui, par la suite, a donné naissance aux partis verts. En RDA, en revanche, la croissance n’a pas fait l’objet de discussions à cette époque. Le parti-État (...) qu’était le SED était focalisé sur l’idée d’une croissance extensive et d’une consommation financée par la dette. L’objectif était de dépasser l’Ouest sur le plan économique. La « crise écologique » était donc perçue comme une arme idéologique contre la croissance du socialisme réel. À la fin des années 1970, Rudolf Bahro, Wolfgang Harich et Robert Havemann, auteurs marxistes de RDA critiques à l’égard du système, ont élaboré des utopies écologiques orientées vers des alternatives éco-communistes. L’article présente ces utopies et leurs auteurs et esquisse les grandes lignes de la réception dont elles ont bénéficié à l’époque et aujourd’hui. (shrink)

In seinen Erinnerungen schildert der 1933 in Stuttgart geborene Wissenschaftsphilosoph und -historiker Herbert Hörz seinen persönlichen Werdegang, der ihn aus dem nationalsozialistisch geprägten Kapitalismus über die antifaschistisch-demokratische Ordnung und Staatsdiktatur des Frühsozialismus in der DDR zur Kapitaldiktatur in der BRD führte. Er beschreibt Ideale und Illusionen eigenen Handelns, Handlungsmotive und Rahmenbedingungen seines Werdens und Wirkens, Philosophie und Politik in der DDR und die Entwicklung in den von ihm geprägten Einrichtungen.Auf manchen inhaltlichen Streit, wie den um Robert Havemann, hat (...) er seine eigene Sicht, durch Erlebnisse fundiert. Er verwahrt sich gegen die Diffamierung der DDR als Unrechtsstaat und begründet, warum er, trotz mancher Angebote, in der DDR blieb, die er reformieren wollte. Herbert Hörz begreift Philosophie als Welterklärung, Gedankenprovokation und Lebenshilfe. Sie kann sich, so seine Erfahrungen und Forderung, nur in der inter-, multi- und transdisziplinären Arbeit bewähren. Inhalte des eigenen philosophischen Denkens werden in konkreten Situationen und in der Auseinandersetzung gezeigt, Erfahrungen als Wissenschaftler in Funktionen, als Dekan, Sektionsdirektor und Akademie-Vizepräsident, in der FDJ und in der Gewerkschaft vermittelt. Als dialektischer Denker ist Hörz immer um die Erfassung der Widersprüchlichkeit von Ereignissen bemüht, ohne das persönliche Erleben mit Familie und Freunden auszusparen. Seine Erlebnisse und Erfahrungen vor, in und nach der "Wende" zeigen, dass kritische Sichten immer vorhanden waren, nicht ernst genommen wurden und die Implosion des Systems förderten. Hörz fordert eine solide Aufarbeitung der Vergangenheit, der Stärken und Schwächen der Wissenschaftsentwicklung in der DDR und danach. Das Buch zeigt, wie er die "Wende" theoretisch und praktisch verarbeitete und sich als Wissenschaftler unter widrigen Umständen weiter betätigte. Teil dieses Engagements war das Ringen um den Erhalt der Gelehrtensozietät der Akademie der Wissenschaften der DDR, die ihren öffentlich-rechtlichen Status durch Rechtsbruch am Einigungsvertrag verlor. Ihre Mitglieder ließen sich den Mund aber nicht verbieten. In ihrer Tradition entstand die Gelehrtengesellschaft der Leibniz-Sozietät, als deren Präsident er seit 1998 wirkt.Jeder, der sich ernsthaft mit Wissenschaft in der DDR, mit dem Verhalten von DDR-Bürgern, ihren Wurzeln und ihrer weiteren Entwicklung auseinandersetzt, sollte auf die Lektüre dieses Buches nicht verzichten. (shrink)

This book is the first complete survey and critical appraisal of the large body of research that has appeared during approximately the last decade concerning the analysis of knowing. Robert K. Shope pays special attention to the social aspects of knowing and proposes a new formulation of the fundamental structure of the Gettier problem. Originally published in 1983. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton (...) University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905. (shrink)

Robert John Ackermann deals decisively with the problem of relativism that has plagued post-empiricist philosophy of science. Recognizing that theory and data are mediated by data domains (bordered data sets produced by scientific instruments), he argues that the use of instruments breaks the dependency of observation on theory and thus creates a reasoned basis for scientific objectivity. Originally published in 1985. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished (...) backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905. (shrink)

Robert Wolfe writes about the nature of the ajata teachings, or the nature of emptiness and absolute reality.

Robert Zafft presents the too-often abstract language of business ethics in straight-forward language, laying out two themes commonly ignored: in the real world, it is often easy to lay out an ethical path but often very difficult to implement and encourage adherence to that path, and reputation is the single most important asset in business.

In this book, Robert Sokolowski argues that being a person means to be involved with truth. He shows that human reason is established by syntactic composition in language, pictures, and actions and that we understand things when they are presented to us through syntax. Sokolowski highlights the role of the spoken word in human reason and examines the bodily and neurological basis for human experience. Drawing on Husserl and Aristotle, as well as Aquinas and Henry James, Sokolowski here employs (...) phenomenology in a highly original way in order to clarify what we are as human agents. (shrink)

In “Conditions and Analyses of Knowledge”, Robert Shope focuses on the conditions that must be satisfied for a person to have knowledge, specifically knowledge that something is so. Traditionally, knowledge has been analyzed in terms of justified true belief. Shope addresses philosophers’ disagreements concerning the truth and belief conditions. After introducing the justification condition, he presents challenges that have provoked several attempts to replace or to supplement the justification condition for knowledge. Shope presents and assesses several of these, including (...) early causal theories, the nonaccidentality requirement, reliable process and conditional analyses, the reliable‐indicator analysis, the conclusive reasons analysis, defeasibility analyses, analyses in terms of cognitive or intellectual virtues, and proper functionalism as well as his own account of knowledge. (shrink)

This is an interview by the Erasmus Journal for Philosophy and Economics with Robert Sugden. The interview covers the intellectual trajectory of Sugden, from his early critique of Amartya Sen’s liberalism, to his interactions with James Buchanan and his contributions to behavioural economics. A major theme in the interview is Sugden’s development of a rival program of normative economics based on modern behavioural economics. The interview also discusses Sugden’s recent book The Community of Advantage which synthesizes many of the (...) themes he worked on. (shrink)

What is compassion? I suggest that it is, as Adam Smith and David Hume once argued, a moral sentiment that is subject to a great many constraints and variations but is nonetheless “natural.” I also consider Nietzsche's rather vehement attack on Mitleid and current social psychological literature on empathy.

There seems to be no end to moralizing about the vices, but there is too little appreciation of them as mere human foibles and an essential part of the “human circus.” There are also serious questions about whether some of the so-called deadly sins are sinful at all.

Too often, since the 19th century, sensitivity is dismissed as mere “sentimentality” in philosophy and in literature. It is charged that sentimentality is distorting, self-indulgent, self-deceptive. I argue that all of these charges are misplaced or themselves distorted and betray a suspicion of emotions and the tender sentiments that is unwarranted.

Do we love for reasons? Most romantics would insist not. In fact, we love despite good reasons not to love. I argue that love necessarily involves reasons. I discuss the problem of loving someone for his or her looks and what I call Plato's Problem, loving only the properties of a person. I end by discussing some dubious and perverse reasons for love.

Spirituality is often dismissed as mere sentimentality. It is also often opposed to science and the scientific worldview, as if the one is anathema to the other. I suggest that spirituality has distinct advantages over religion and is not at all opposed to science or scientific thinking.

How do movies evoke and express ethical ideas? What role does our emotional involvement play in this process? What makes the aesthetic power of cinema ethically significant? Cinematic Ethics: _Exploring Ethical Experience through Film_ addresses these questions by examining the idea of cinema as a medium of ethical experience with the power to provoke emotional understanding and philosophical thinking. In a clear and engaging style, Robert Sinnerbrink examines the key philosophical approaches to ethics in contemporary film theory and philosophy (...) using detailed case studies of cinematic ethics across different genres, styles, and filmic traditions. Written in a lucid and lively style that will engage both specialist and non-specialist readers, this book is ideal for use in the academic study of philosophy and film. Key features include annotated suggestions for further reading at the end of each chapter and a filmography of movies useful for teaching and researching cinematic ethics. (shrink)

A bridge between semipopular works for the general reader and technical treatises written for specialists, this excellent work discusses the foundational ideas and background of modern physics. It is not a text on theoretical physics, but a discussion of the methods of physic description and construction of theory. As such, it is especially valuable for the physicist with a background in elementary calculus who is interested in the ideas which give meaning to the data and tools of modern physics.

This volume collects thirty years worth of articles on the emotions written by the distinguished philosopher Robert Solomon. Solomon's thesis is that we are significantly responsible for our emotions, which are evaluative judgments that in effect we choose. This is the first of several volumes that document work in the emotions.

Numerous labor-management issues possess ethical dimensions and pose ethical questions. In this article, the authors discuss four labor-management issues that present important contemporary problems: union organizing, labor-management negotiations, employee involvement programs, and union obligations of fair representation. In the authors view, labor and management too often view their ethical obligations as beginning and ending at the law''s boundaries. Contemporary business realities suggest that cooperative and enlightened modes of interaction between labor and management seem appropriate.

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