Results for 'Mary Blair-Loy'

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  1.  9
    Misconceiving merit: paradoxes of excellence and devotion in academic science and engineering.Mary Blair-Loy - 2022 - London: University of Chicago Press. Edited by Erin A. Cech.
    In Misconceiving Merit, sociologists Mary Blair-Loy and Erin A. Cech uncover the cultural foundations of a paradox. On one hand, academic science, engineering, and math revere meritocracy, a system that recognizes and rewards those with the greatest talent and dedication. At the same time, women and some racial and sexual minorities remain underrepresented and often feel unwelcome and devalued in STEM. How can academic science, which so highly values meritocracy and objectivity, produce these unequal outcomes? Blair-Loy and (...)
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  2.  22
    Cultural constructions of family schemas: The case of women finance executives.Mary Blair-loy - 2001 - Gender and Society 15 (5):687-709.
    This article uses interview data to examine changes over time in the cultural constructions of executive women's family responsibilities. The author delineates two gendered cultural structures: the family devotion schema and the work devotion schema. Respondents are caught in the conflict between each schema's competing vision of a worthwhile life. Older respondents are more likely to accept the devotion schema's definition of an irreconcilable conflict between work and family, prompting many to avoid marriage or childbearing. In contrast, many members of (...)
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  3.  8
    Globalization, Work Hours, And The Care Deficit Among Stockbrokers.Jerry A. Jacobs & Mary Blair-Loy - 2003 - Gender and Society 17 (2):230-249.
    The authors study U.S. stockbrokers, workers directly affected by the technological and economic forces of globalization. Drawing on interviews with 61 brokers and managers in four firms, they find that competition from electronic communication networks and international markets has increased the pace of work for stockbrokers, spurred online and after-hours trading, and may prompt the major stock exchanges to establish later trading sessions known as extended-hours trading. These events are lengthening already long working days for brokers and contributing to a (...)
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  4.  3
    Book Review: Modern Day Mary Poppins: The Unintended Consequences of Nanny Work by Laura Bunyan. [REVIEW]Mary Blair-Loy - 2022 - Gender and Society 36 (3):458-459.
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  5.  9
    Book Review: Do Babies Matter? Gender and Family in the Ivory Tower by Mary Ann Mason, Nicholas H. Wolfinger, and Marc Goulden. [REVIEW]Mary Blair-Loy - 2014 - Gender and Society 28 (5):777-779.
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  6.  8
    Mary Blair-Loy and Erin A. Cech: Misconceiving Merit: Paradoxes in Excellence and Devotion in Academic Science and Engineering.Andrea R. Gammon - 2023 - Science and Engineering Ethics 29 (5):1-6.
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  7.  15
    Tattoos and male alliances.Kathryn Coe, Mary P. Harmon, Blair Verner & Andrew Tonn - 1993 - Human Nature 4 (2):199-204.
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  8.  74
    Models and Analogies in Science.Mary B. Hesse - 1963 - [Notre Dame, Ind.]: University of Notre Dame Press.
  9. Unjustified Sample Sizes and Generalizations in Explainable AI Research: Principles for More Inclusive User Studies.Uwe Peters & Mary Carman - forthcoming - IEEE Intelligent Systems.
    Many ethical frameworks require artificial intelligence (AI) systems to be explainable. Explainable AI (XAI) models are frequently tested for their adequacy in user studies. Since different people may have different explanatory needs, it is important that participant samples in user studies are large enough to represent the target population to enable generalizations. However, it is unclear to what extent XAI researchers reflect on and justify their sample sizes or avoid broad generalizations across people. We analyzed XAI user studies (N = (...)
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  10. Models and Analogies in Science.Mary Hesse - 1965 - British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 16 (62):161-163.
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  11. What is Philosophy For?Mary Midgley - 2018 - London: Bloomsbury Academic.
    Why should anybody take an interest in philosophy? Is it just another detailed study like metallurgy? Or is it similar to history, literature and even religion: a study meant to do some personal good and influence our lives? In her last published work, Mary Midgley addresses provocative questions, interrogating the various forms of our current intellectual anxieties and confusions and how we might deal with them. In doing so, she provides a robust, yet not uncritical, defence of philosophy and (...)
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  12. Models and Analogies in Science.Mary B. Hesse - 1966 - Philosophy and Rhetoric 3 (3):190-191.
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  13.  12
    Revolutions and Reconstructions in the Philosophy of Science.Mary B. Hesse - 1980 - Harvester Press.
  14.  40
    Three Arguments Against Institutional Conscientious Objection, and Why They Are (Metaphysically) Unconvincing.Xavier Symons & Reginald Mary Chua - 2024 - Journal of Medicine and Philosophy 49 (3):298-312.
    The past decade has seen a burgeoning of scholarly interest in conscientious objection in healthcare. While the literature to date has focused primarily on individual healthcare practitioners who object to participation in morally controversial procedures, in this article we consider a different albeit related issue, namely, whether publicly funded healthcare institutions should be required to provide morally controversial services such as abortions, emergency contraception, voluntary sterilizations, and voluntary euthanasia. Substantive debates about institutional responsibility have remained largely at the level of (...)
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  15.  54
    Mathematics and Reality.Mary Leng - 2010 - Oxford: Oxford University Press.
    This book offers a defence of mathematical fictionalism, according to which we have no reason to believe that there are any mathematical objects. Perhaps the most pressing challenge to mathematical fictionalism is the indispensability argument for the truth of our mathematical theories (and therefore for the existence of the mathematical objects posited by those theories). According to this argument, if we have reason to believe anything, we have reason to believe that the claims of our best empirical theories are (at (...)
  16. Revolutions and Reconstructions in the Philosophy of Science.Mary Hesse - 1982 - British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 33 (3):331-334.
     
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  17.  16
    The role of bioethics services in paediatric intensive care units: a qualitative descriptive study.Denise Alexander, Mary Quirke, Jo Greene, Lorna Cassidy, Carol Hilliard & Maria Brenner - 2024 - BMC Medical Ethics 25 (1):1-12.
    Background There is considerable variation in the functionality of bioethical services in different institutions and countries for children in hospital, despite new challenges due to increasing technology supports for children with serious illness and medical complexity. We aimed to understand how bioethics services address bioethical concerns that are increasingly encountered in paediatric intensive care. Methods A qualitative descriptive design was used to describe clinician’s perspectives on the functionality of clinical bioethics services for paediatric intensive care units. Clinicians who were members (...)
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  18. Revolutions and Reconstructions in the Philosophy of Science.Mary Hesse - 1984 - International Journal for Philosophy of Religion 15 (1):97-98.
     
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  19. Oppressive speech.Mary Kate McGowan - 2009 - Australasian Journal of Philosophy 87 (3):389 – 407.
    I here present two different models of oppressive speech. My interest is not in how speech can cause oppression, but in how speech can actually be an act of oppression. As we shall see, a particular type of speech act, the exercitive, enacts permissibility facts. Since oppressive speech enacts permissibility facts that oppress, speech must be exercitive in order for it to be an act of oppression. In what follows, I distinguish between two sorts of exercitive speech acts (the standard (...)
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  20.  28
    Defining Disease in the Context of Overdiagnosis.Mary Jean Walker & Wendy Rogers - 2017 - Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy: A European Journal 20 (2):269-280.
    Recently, concerns have been raised about the phenomenon of 'overdiagnosis', the diagnosis of a condition that is not causing harm, and will not come to cause harm. Along with practical, ethical, and scientific questions, overdiagnosis raises questions about our concept of disease. In this paper, we analyse overdiagnosis as an epistemic problem and show how it challenges many existing accounts of disease. In particular, it raises questions about conceptual links drawn between disease and dysfunction, harm, and risk. We argue that (...)
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  21. Forces and fields: the concept of action at a distance in the history of physics.Mary B. Hesse - 1961 - Mineola, N.Y.: Dover Publications.
    This history of physics focuses on the question, "How do bodies act on one another across space?" The variety of answers illustrates the function of fundamental analogies or models in physics as well as the role of so-called unobservable entities. Forces and Fields presents an in-depth look at the science of ancient Greece, and it examines the influence of antique philosophy on seventeenth-century thought. Additional topics embrace many elements of modern physics--the empirical basis of quantum mechanics, wave-particle duality and the (...)
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  22.  10
    Technology and cultural values: on the edge of the third millennium.Peter D. Hershock, M. T. Stepanëiìanëtìs & Roger T. Ames (eds.) - 2003 - Honolulu: East-West Philosophers Conference.
    Recent history makes clear that the quantum leaps being made in technology are the leading edge of a groundswell of paradigm shifts taking place in science, politics, economics, social institutions, and the expression of cultural values. Indeed it is the simultaneity and interdependence of these changes occurring in every dimension of human experience and endeavor that makes the present so historically distinctive. The essays gathered here give voice to perspectives on the always improvised relationship between technology and cultural values from (...)
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  23. Analogy and confirmation theory.Mary Hesse - 1964 - Philosophy of Science 31 (4):319-327.
    The argument from analogy is examined from the point of view of Carnap's confirmation theory. It is argued that if inductive arguments are to be applicable to the real world, they must contain elementary analogical inferences. Carnap's system as originally developed (theλ -system) is not strong enough to take account of analogical arguments, but it is shown that the new system, which he has announced but not published in detail (theη -system), is capable of satisfying the conditions of inductive analogy. (...)
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  24.  18
    The Kids Are Not Alright: The Mental Health Toll of Environmental Injustice.McKenna F. Parnes, Mary Beth Bennett, Maya Rao, Katherine E. MacDuffie, Angela Y. Zhang, H. Mollie Grow & Elliott Mark Weiss - 2024 - American Journal of Bioethics 24 (3):40-44.
    We applaud Ray and Cooper (2024) for emphasizing environmental health as a bioethics issue. As a team of interdisciplinary pediatric researchers and providers who are part of an institutional clima...
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  25.  58
    Forces and fields.Mary B. Hesse - 1961 - Westport, Conn.,: Greenwood Press.
    An in-depth look at the science of ancient Greece, this volume examines the influence of antique philosophy on 17th-century thought. Additional topics embrace many elements of modern physics: the empirical basis of quantum mechanics, wave-particle duality and the uncertainty principle, and the action-at-a-distance theory of Wheeler and Feynman. 1961 edition.
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  26. Forces and Fields: The Concept of Action at a Distance in the History of Physics.Mary B. Hesse - 1961 - Synthese 13 (3):252-253.
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  27.  34
    Firearm Violence in the United States: An Issue of the Highest Moral Order.Chisom N. Iwundu, Mary E. Homan, Ami R. Moore, Pierce Randall, Sajeevika S. Daundasekara & Daphne C. Hernandez - 2022 - Public Health Ethics 15 (3):301-315.
    Firearm violence in the United States produces over 36,000 deaths and 74,000 sustained firearm-related injuries yearly. The paper describes the burden of firearm violence with emphasis on the disproportionate burden on children, racial/ethnic minorities, women and the healthcare system. Second, this paper identifies factors that could mitigate the burden of firearm violence by applying a blend of key ethical theories to support population level interventions and recommendations that may restrict individual rights. Such recommendations can further support targeted research to inform (...)
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  28.  49
    A Serious Proposal to the Ladies.Mary Astell (ed.) - 2002 - Peterborough, CA: Broadview Press.
    Mary Astell's A Serious Proposal to the Ladies is one of the most important and neglected works advocating the establishment of women's academies. Its reception was so controversial that Astell responded with a lengthy sequel, also in this volume. The cause of great notoriety, Astell's Proposal was imitated by Defoe in his "An Academy for Women," parodied in the Tatler, satirized on the stage, plagiarized by Bishop Berkeley, and later mocked by Gilbert and Sullivan in Princess Ida.
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  29. Models in physics.Mary B. Hesse - 1953 - British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 4 (15):198-214.
  30. Theories and the transitivity of confirmation.Mary Hesse - 1970 - Philosophy of Science 37 (1):50-63.
    Hempel's qualitative criteria of converse consequence and special consequence for confirmation are examined, and the resulting paradoxes traced to the general intransitivity of confirmation. Adopting a probabilistic measure of confirmation, a limiting form of transitivity of confirmation from evidence to predictions is derived, and it is shown to what extent its application depends on prior probability judgments. In arguments involving this kind of transitivity therefore there is no necessary "convergence of opinion" in the sense claimed by some personalists. The conditions (...)
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  31. My Brother's Keeper: What the Social Sciences Do (and Don't) Tell Us About Masculinity.Mary Stewart Van Leeuwen - 2002
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  32.  20
    Michael Polanyi and his generation: origins of the social construction of science.Mary Jo Nye - 2011 - London: University of Chicago Press.
    Scientific culture in Europe and the refugee generation -- Germany and Weimar Berlin as the City of Science -- Origins of a social perspective: doing physical chemistry in Weimar Berlin -- Chemical dynamics and social dynamics in Berlin and Manchester -- Liberalism and the economic foundations of the "Republic of Science" -- Scientific freedom and the social functions of science -- Political foundations of the philosophies of science of Popper, Kuhn, and Polanyi -- Personal knowledge: argument, audiences, and sociological engagement (...)
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  33.  30
    Habit and Habituation: Governance and the Social.Megan Watkins, Mary Poovey, Greg Noble, Francis Dodsworth & Tony Bennett - 2013 - Body and Society 19 (2-3):3-29.
    This article examines the issues that are at stake in the current resurgence of interest in the subject of habit. We focus on the role that habit has played in conceptions of the relations between body and society, and the respects in which such conceptions have been implicated in processes of governance. We argue that habit has typically constituted a point of leverage for regulatory practices that seek to effect some realignment of the relations between different components of personhood – (...)
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  34.  40
    The linguistic interpretation of aphasic syndromes: Agrammatism in Broca's aphasia, an example.Mary-Louise Kean - 1977 - Cognition 5 (1):9-46.
  35.  6
    Understanding cultural values, norms and beliefs that may impact participation in genome‐editing related research: Perspectives of local communities in Botswana.Setlhomo Koloi-Keaikitse, Mary Kasule, Irene Kwape, Dudu Jankie, Dimpho Ralefala, Dolly Mogomotsi Ntseane & Gaonyadiwe George Mokone - forthcoming - Developing World Bioethics.
    Gene‐editing research is a complex science and foreign in most communities including Botswana. Adopting a qualitative deliberative framework with 109 participants from 7 selected ethnic communities in Botswana, we explored the perceptions of local communities on cultural values, norms, and beliefs that may motivate or deter likely participation in the use of gene‐editing related research. What emerged as the ethnic community's motivators for research participation include the potential for gene‐editing technologies to promote access to individualized medications, and the possibility of (...)
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  36.  73
    Truth and the Growth of Scientific Knowledge.Mary Hesse - 1976 - PSA: Proceedings of the Biennial Meeting of the Philosophy of Science Association 1976:261 - 280.
  37. The Creation of the Essentialism Story: An Exercise in Metahistory.Mary P. Winsor - 2006 - History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences 28 (2):149 - 174.
    The essentialism story is a version of the history of biological classification that was fabricated between 1953 and 1968 by Ernst Mayr, who combined contributions from Arthur Cain and David Hull with his own grudge against Plato. It portrays pre-Darwinian taxonomists as caught in the grip of an ancient philosophy called essentialism, from which they were not released until Charles Darwin's 1859 Origin of Species. Mayr's motive was to promote the Modern Synthesis in opposition to the typology of idealist morphologists; (...)
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  38.  19
    Probing Lexical Ambiguity: Word Vectors Encode Number and Relatedness of Senses.Barend Beekhuizen, Blair C. Armstrong & Suzanne Stevenson - 2021 - Cognitive Science 45 (5):e12943.
    Lexical ambiguity—the phenomenon of a single word having multiple, distinguishable senses—is pervasive in language. Both the degree of ambiguity of a word (roughly, its number of senses) and the relatedness of those senses have been found to have widespread effects on language acquisition and processing. Recently, distributional approaches to semantics, in which a word's meaning is determined by its contexts, have led to successful research quantifying the degree of ambiguity, but these measures have not distinguished between the ambiguity of words (...)
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  39.  12
    Relevance in belief revision.Pavlos Peppas, Mary-Anne Williams, Samir Chopra & Norman Foo - 2015 - Artificial Intelligence 229 (C):126-138.
  40.  58
    An Ethic of Care: Feminist and Interdisciplinary Perspectives.Mary Jeanne Larrabee (ed.) - 1992 - Routledge.
    Published in 1982, Carol Gilligan's _In a Different Voice_ proposed a new model of moral reasoning based on care, arguing that it better described the moral life of women. ____An Ethic of Care__ is the first volume to bring together key contributions to the extensive debate engaging Gilligan's work. It provides the highlights of the often impassioned discussion of the ethic of care, drawing on the literature of the wide range of disciplines that have entered into the debate. _Contributors:_ Annette (...)
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  41.  8
    Adding sense: context and interest in a grammar of multimodal meaning.Mary Kalantzis & Bill Cope (eds.) - 2020 - New York: Cambridge University Press.
    Mary Kalantzis was from 2006 to 2016 Dean of the College of Education at the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign. Bill Cope is a Professor in the College of Education at the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign. They are co-authors of multiple books including Making Sense: Reference, Agency, and Structure in a Grammar of Multimodal Meaning (Cambridge, forthcoming), New Learning: Elements of a Science of Education (Cambridge, 2008, 2012), Literacies (Cambridge 2012, 2016) and e-Learning Ecologies (2017).
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  42.  32
    Analogy and confirmation theory.Mary Hesse - 1963 - Dialectica 17 (2-3):284-292.
    The argument from analogy is examined from the standpoint of Carnap's confirmation theory. Carnap's own discussion of analogy in relation to his c*— function is restricted to cases where the analogues are known to be similar, but not known to be different in any respect. It has been argued by the author in a previous work,, and by P. Achinstein, that typical analogy arguments involve known differences between the analogues as well as similarities. Achinstein shows that for such arguments none (...)
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  43. Aristotle's logic of analogy.Mary Hesse - 1965 - Philosophical Quarterly 15 (61):328-340.
  44.  27
    Aquinas, Aristotle, and the Promise of the Common Good.Mary M. Keys - 2006 - New York: Cambridge University Press.
    Aquinas, Aristotle, and the Promise of the Common Good, first published in 2006, claims that contemporary theory and practice have much to gain from engaging Aquinas's normative concept of the common good and his way of reconciling religion, philosophy, and politics. Examining the relationship between personal and common goods, and the relation of virtue and law to both, Mary M. Keys shows why Aquinas should be read in addition to Aristotle on these perennial questions. She focuses on Aquinas's Commentaries (...)
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  45. Ramifications of 'grue'.Mary Hesse - 1969 - British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 20 (1):13-25.
  46. Contract cheating: a new challenge for academic honesty?Mary Walker & Cynthia Townley - 2012 - Journal of Academic Ethics 10 (1):27-44.
    ‘Contract cheating’ has recently emerged as a form of academic dishonesty. It involves students contracting out their coursework to writers in order to submit the purchased assignments as their own work, usually via the internet. This form of cheating involves epistemic and ethical problems that are continuous with older forms of cheating, but which it also casts in a new form. It is a concern to educators because it is very difficult to detect, because it is arguably more fraudulent than (...)
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  47. The Moral Significance of Birth.Mary Anne Warren - 1989 - Hypatia 4 (3):46 - 65.
    Does birth make a difference to the moral rights of the fetus/infant? Should it make a difference to its legal rights? Most contemporary philosophers believe that birth cannot make a difference to moral rights. If this is true, then it becomes difficult to justify either a moral or a legal distinction between late abortion and infanticide. I argue that the view that birth is irrelevant to moral rights rests upon two highly questionable assumptions about the theoretical foundations of moral rights. (...)
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  48. What's wrong with indispensability?Mary Leng - 2002 - Synthese 131 (3):395 - 417.
    For many philosophers not automatically inclined to Platonism, the indispensability argument for the existence of mathematical objectshas provided the best (and perhaps only) evidence for mathematicalrealism. Recently, however, this argument has been subject to attack, most notably by Penelope Maddy (1992, 1997),on the grounds that its conclusions do not sit well with mathematical practice. I offer a diagnosis of what has gone wrong with the indispensability argument (I claim that mathematics is indispensable in the wrong way), and, taking my cue (...)
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  49. Sincerity Silencing.Mary Kate Mcgowan - 2014 - Hypatia 29 (2):458-473.
    Catharine MacKinnon claims that pornography silences women in a way that violates the right to free speech. This claim is, of course, controversial, but if it is correct, then the very free speech reasons for protecting pornography appear also to afford reason to restrict it. For this reason, it has gained considerable attention. The philosophical literature thus far focuses on a type of silencing identified and analyzed by Jennifer Hornsby and Rae Langton (H&L). This article identifies, analyzes, and argues for (...)
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  50. On 'Whites Only' Signs and Racist Hate Speech: Verbal Acts of Racial Discrimination.Mary Kate McGowan - 2012 - In Ishani Maitra & Mary Kate McGowan (eds.), Speech and Harm: Controversies Over Free Speech. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 121-147.
    This paper argues that racist speech in public places ought to be regulable even with teh strict free speech protections of the First Amendment. McGowan argues that the same justification for regulating the hanging of a 'Whites Only' sign applies to racist utterances in public spaces.
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