L’article analyse le système des dots de charité mis en place dans la Rome pontificale et le rôle joué dans ce système par des institutions de réclusion (les « conservatoires ») destinées à sauvegarder l’honneur des jeunes filles, en les préparant à leur rôle d’adultes, c’est-à-dire d’épouse ou de religieuse. Le système de dotation est utilisé, par l’intermédiaire des conservatoires, en tant qu’observatoire pour saisir les dynamiques qui s’instauraient entre institutions, individus et familles, et pour mettre en évidence le rôle (...) joué par ces institutions dans la définition de l’identité féminine. Les négociations nécessaires pour obtenir une dot plus consistante offraient aux femmes une occasion de mettre en évidence leur personnalité et leur capacité à se servir de l’institution. (shrink)

The oral transmission of the Quran has long been the subject of dispute. Some scholars have asserted that the canonical reading traditions are products of attempts at deciphering the ʿUthmānic text without reference to a living oral tradition. Although our understanding of the written Quran in early Islam has advanced considerably in recent years, the same cannot be said for the oral Quran. A careful study of the consonantal dotting patterns between the canonical readings reveals independent Medinan, Meccan-Basran, and Kufan (...) regional traditions. Through additional statistical analysis and corresponding manuscript evidence, I demonstrate the existence of an inherited oral tradition that likely dates to the time of the ʿUthmānic recension and among the first generation of the followers of Muḥammad. (shrink)

La dot n’est pas une véritable « richesse de la femme » : au moment même où elle en devient, nominalement, propriétaire, la femme en perd la gestion et l’usufruit, qui vont à son mari. Mais, quand elle rédige son testament et quand elle se remarie, la femme dispose personnellement de sa dot. Dans la bourgeoisie vénitienne, les femmes désignent souvent leurs filles comme héritières, mais elles démontrent aussi une grande liberté dans leurs choix successoraux. Les veuves qui se remarient, (...) après avoir récupéré leur dot selon une procédure complexe, dont les origines remontent aux Statuts du XIIIe siècle, sont souvent bien déterminées à la défendre. (shrink)

La dot n’est pas une véritable « richesse de la femme » : au moment même où elle en devient, nominalement, propriétaire, la femme en perd la gestion et l’usufruit, qui vont à son mari. Mais, quand elle rédige son testament et quand elle se remarie, la femme dispose personnellement de sa dot. Dans la bourgeoisie vénitienne, les femmes désignent souvent leurs filles comme héritières, mais elles démontrent aussi une grande liberté dans leurs choix successoraux. Les veuves qui se remarient, (...) après avoir récupéré leur dot selon une procédure complexe, dont les origines remontent aux Statuts du XIIIe siècle, sont souvent bien déterminées à la défendre. (shrink)

Cette communication sur la dot - le don fait par les parents de la fiancée - est présentée par deux historiennes spécialisées dans l’étude de sociétés très éloignées dans l’espace et dans le temps, mais persuadées que le choix d’un tel objet de recherche exige de croiser l’histoire et l’anthropologie de la parenté et de pratiquer le comparatisme. Elle procède d’un travail à quatre mains, entrepris depuis plus de quinze ans et plusieurs fois recommencé, sur la pratique de ce type (...) de transaction matrimoniale dans deux « sociétés à maisons », l’Athènes classique et le Pays-de-Sault. Cette dernière « reprise » n’apporte rien d’inédit sur les deux groupes sociaux étudiés. Elle entend, en revanche, essayer de repérer, à partir de deux groupes sociaux qu’apparemment tout sépare, mais qui ont fait certains choix structurels semblables - l’organisation en maisons du système de parenté, une filiation à deux lignées à inclination plus ou moins patrilinéaire, l’absence de communauté conjugale - à quels objectifs peut répondre le choix de ce type de transaction matrimoniale et dans quels systèmes, indifféremment qualifiés de dotaux, il est susceptible d’être incorporé. Cette contribution s’insère donc dans le débat sur le débat sur « le prix de la fiancée et de la dot », un débat inauguré par J. Goody et S.J. Tambiah en 1973 et très récemment actualisé par A. Testart. (shrink)

Cette communication sur la dot - le don fait par les parents de la fiancée - est présentée par deux historiennes spécialisées dans l’étude de sociétés très éloignées dans l’espace et dans le temps, mais persuadées que le choix d’un tel objet de recherche exige de croiser l’histoire et l’anthropologie de la parenté et de pratiquer le comparatisme. Elle procède d’un travail à quatre mains, entrepris depuis plus de quinze ans et plusieurs fois recommencé, sur la pratique de ce type (...) de transaction matrimoniale dans deux « sociétés à maisons », l’Athènes classique et le Pays-de-Sault. Cette dernière « reprise » n’apporte rien d’inédit sur les deux groupes sociaux étudiés. Elle entend, en revanche, essayer de repérer, à partir de deux groupes sociaux qu’apparemment tout sépare, mais qui ont fait certains choix structurels semblables - l’organisation en maisons du système de parenté, une filiation à deux lignées à inclination plus ou moins patrilinéaire, l’absence de communauté conjugale - à quels objectifs peut répondre le choix de ce type de transaction matrimoniale et dans quels systèmes, indifféremment qualifiés de dotaux, il est susceptible d’être incorporé. Cette contribution s’insère donc dans le débat sur le débat sur « le prix de la fiancée et de la dot », un débat inauguré par J. Goody et S.J. Tambiah en 1973 et très récemment actualisé par A. Testart. (shrink)

Se marier avec une dot, voilà une coutume qui, du moins en France, paraît révolue depuis longtemps, tant l'idée que l'on puisse associer mariage et argent heurte aujourd'hui nos sensibilités, attachées à la norme de la gratuité des sentiments amoureux. L'ampleur des changements dans les pratiques matrimoniales du monde moderne occidental ne doit pourtant pas occulter le fait qu'ils sont relativement récents. La dot a encore une importance sociale et économique considérable dans certains...

L’article analyse le système des dots de charité mis en place dans la Rome pontificale et le rôle joué dans ce système par des institutions de réclusion (les « conservatoires ») destinées à sauvegarder l’honneur des jeunes filles, en les préparant à leur rôle d’adultes, c’est-à-dire d’épouse ou de religieuse. Le système de dotation est utilisé, par l’intermédiaire des conservatoires, en tant qu’observatoire pour saisir les dynamiques qui s’instauraient entre institutions, individus et familles, et pour mettre en évidence le rôle (...) joué par ces institutions dans la définition de l’identité féminine. Les négociations nécessaires pour obtenir une dot plus consistante offraient aux femmes une occasion de mettre en évidence leur personnalité et leur capacité à se servir de l’institution. (shrink)

This paper argues for the inclusion of ethnography as a research methodology for understanding the effects of public health policy. To do this, the implementation of DOTS (Directly Observed Therapy, Short-course) is explored in the context of Nepal. A brief history of DOTS and its implementation in Nepal is outlined, and the way it has been represented by those within the Nepal Tuberculosis Programme (NTP) is described. This is followed by an outline of the research done in relation to this, (...) and the ethnographic methods used. These ethnographic data are then interpreted and analysed in relation to two specific areas of concern. Firstly, the effects around the epidemiological uses of is explored; it is argued that a tightening of the definitional categories so necessary for the programme to be stabilized for comparative purposes has profound material effects in marginalizing some from treatment. Secondly, the paper examines some of the implications and effects relating to the way that the component was implemented. The discussion explores how current debate on DOTS has been played out in some medical journals. It argues for the importance of ethnography as a method for understanding certain questions that cannot be answered by particular, and increasingly dominant, research ideologies informed by randomized controlled trials. This raises important issues about the nature of in debates on the relationship of research to policy. (shrink)

La « richesse des femmes » tient en Normandie une place bien particulière. Le cadre juridique de la coutume normande repousse singulièrement le régime de droit commun des époux, et confère à la dot un régime spécifique qui exclut les filles des successions paternelles en présence de frères, et qui met le mari en position d’usufruitier de la dot. Cependant, l’étude - élargie à d’autres variables que la seule quantification de la dot - des pratiques matrimoniales des milieux marchands rouennais (...) au tournant des 17 et 18e siècles, et d’un lignage noble de la région d’Evreux de 1662 à 1759, montre qu’il existe une distance entre coutume et pratique. Chez les marchands de Rouen, on constate une rupture entre une phase d’atonie dans la décennie 1690, caractérisée par une assez forte endogamie socioprofessionnelle et topographique dans laquelle la dot joue un rôle compensatoire, et les premières années du 18e où les cas d’exogamie associée à des conventions matrimoniales et une publicité sans précédent marquent un processus de distanciation sociale dans lequel la dot n’intervient plus que comme une variable parmi d’autres. Les alliances matrimoniales du vieux lignage normand des Lombelons dévoilent à la fois une ouverture vers d’autres groupes sociaux, et une fermeture par des conventions matrimoniales et successorales discriminatoires pour la femme, dont la dot, entre autres, est un élément central de la stratégie de maintien. (shrink)

La « richesse des femmes » tient en Normandie une place bien particulière. Le cadre juridique de la coutume normande repousse singulièrement le régime de droit commun des époux, et confère à la dot un régime spécifique qui exclut les filles des successions paternelles en présence de frères, et qui met le mari en position d’usufruitier de la dot. Cependant, l’étude - élargie à d’autres variables que la seule quantification de la dot - des pratiques matrimoniales des milieux marchands rouennais (...) au tournant des 17 et 18e siècles, et d’un lignage noble de la région d’Evreux de 1662 à 1759, montre qu’il existe une distance entre coutume et pratique. Chez les marchands de Rouen, on constate une rupture entre une phase d’atonie dans la décennie 1690, caractérisée par une assez forte endogamie socioprofessionnelle et topographique dans laquelle la dot joue un rôle compensatoire, et les premières années du 18e où les cas d’exogamie associée à des conventions matrimoniales et une publicité sans précédent marquent un processus de distanciation sociale dans lequel la dot n’intervient plus que comme une variable parmi d’autres. Les alliances matrimoniales du vieux lignage normand des Lombelons dévoilent à la fois une ouverture vers d’autres groupes sociaux, et une fermeture par des conventions matrimoniales et successorales discriminatoires pour la femme, dont la dot, entre autres, est un élément central de la stratégie de maintien. (shrink)

Several versions of the dot probe detection task are frequently used to assess maladaptive attentional processes associated with a broad range of psychopathology and health behavior, including eating behavior and weight. However, there are serious concerns about the reliability of the indices derived from the paradigm as measurement of attentional bias toward or away from salient stimuli. The present paper gives an overview of different attentional bias indices used in psychopathology research and scrutinizes three types of indices calculated from a (...) pictorial version of the dot probe task to assess food-related attentional biases in children and youngsters with and without obesity. Correlational analyses reveal that dynamic scores are dependent on general response speed. Reliability estimates are low for the traditional and probability indices. The higher reliability for the dynamic indices is at least partially explained by general response speed. No significant group differences between youth with and without obesity are found, and correlations with weight are also non-significant. Taken together, results cast doubt on the applicability of this specific task for both experimental and individual differences research on food-related attentional biases in youth. However, researchers are encouraged to make and test adaptations to the procedure or computational algorithm in an effort to increase psychometric quality of the task and to report psychometric characteristics of their version of the task for their specific sample. (shrink)

In this study, we investigate the three-dot sign as a discourse marker (DM) with textual, subjective and intersubjective discourse functions. As a graphical marker that is used across languages, the three-dot sign is especially suitable for comparative studies and dynamics in language contact. Our corpus study targeting instant messages of different languages (English, German, Greek, Russian, Turkish) and speaker groups (monolinguals and bilingual heritage speakers) suggests that graphical DMs are prone to cross-linguistic influence. This depends on the specific contact situation (...) and does not seem to be a general effect of bilingualism. The societal status of a language might further influence the use of such markers in digital informal writing. Language-specific developments that relate to emerging functions indicate that functional versatility promotes frequent use of (graphical) DMs. (shrink)

Se marier avec une dot, voilà une coutume qui, du moins en France, paraît révolue depuis longtemps, tant l'idée que l'on puisse associer mariage et argent heurte aujourd'hui nos sensibilités, attachées à la norme de la gratuité des sentiments amoureux. L'ampleur des changements dans les pratiques matrimoniales du monde moderne occidental ne doit pourtant pas occulter le fait qu'ils sont relativement récents. La dot a encore une importance sociale et économique considérable dans certains...

This chapter discusses a central problem in Sebastian Rödl’s Self-Consciousness & Objectivity (SC&O) and in Wittgenstein’s Tractatus. In a statement of the form “I think p”, the words “I think” do not contribute to the content and yet they are not redundant. What comes to the same, a thinking subject is not something and yet not nothing. But then in what sense is a thinking subject a part of the world? The problem is intractable on a merely negative understanding of (...) “I think”, like Anscombe’s merely negative thesis, endorsed by SC&O, that “I” is not a referring expression. In search of a positive understanding, this chapter proposes to understand “I think” by comparison to “hello”. A speaking subject is the expression of mutual presence in conversation — in that sense a limit of the world. Such expression may be compared to facial expression, with the crucial difference that a verbal expression can be taken up - repeated - in the third person. A speaking subject, then, is potentially absent from conversation — in that sense a part of the world. (shrink)

According to the received view, eighteenth-century British mathematicians were responsible for a decline of mathematics in the country of Newton; a decline attributed to chauvinism and a preference for geometrical thinking. This paper challenges this view by first describing the complexity of Newton's mathematical heritage and its reception in the early decades of the eighteenth century. A section devoted to Maclaurin's monumental Treatise of Fluxions describes its attempt to reach a synthesis of the different strands of Newton's mathematical legacy, and (...) compares it with contemporary Continental work. It is shown that in the middle of the eighteenth century academic Continental mathematicians such as Euler and Lagrange were driven by local cultural assumptions in directions which sensibly diverged from the ones followed by Maclaurin and his fellow countrymen. (shrink)

Chervenak and McCullough, authors of the most acknowledged ethical framework for maternal–fetal surgery, rely on the ‘ethical–obstetrical’ concept of the fetus as a patient in order to determine what is morally owed to fetuses by both physicians and the women who gestate them in the context of prenatal surgery. In this article, we reconstruct the argumentative structure of their framework and present an internal criticism. First, we analyse the justificatory arguments put forward by the authors regarding the moral status of (...) the fetus qua patient. Second, we discuss the internal coherence and consistency of the moral obligations those authors derive from that concept. We claim that some of the dilemmas their approach is purported to avoid, such as the debate about the independent moral status of the fetus, and the foundation of the moral obligations of pregnant women (towards the fetuses they gestate) are not, all things considered, avoided. Chervenak and McCullough construct the obligations of physicians as obligations towards entities with equal moral status. But, at the same time, they assume that the woman has an independent moral status while the moral status of the fetus is dependent on the decision of the woman to present it to a physician for care. According to the logic of their own argumentation, Chervenak and McCullough implicitly admit a different moral status of the woman and the fetus, which will lead to different ascription of duties of the physician than those they ascribed. (shrink)

The purpose of this paper is to introduce an exceptional document preserved at the Louvre Museum under the mark MAO 2098. The manuscript is a calligraphic genealogical scroll relating to the Ḫwāğas, members of a Sufi Naqšbandi lineage of East Turkestan which was extremely powerful during the 17th and the 18th centuries. Striving to join the dots literally as well as figuratively, I propose to read the šağara in several different ways. Most obviously, the text provides some limited new information (...) on members of the Āfāqi branch of the Ḫwāğa family. At the same time, we can read the text as a communicative device serving to advance two intertwined social practices: family strategies and the construction of power. Produced within a forum of competition with other aristocratic households, prestigious Sufi lineages in particular, the scroll serves to highlight both the Šarīfian origin of the family and the hereditary succession of its spiritual leaders. At the same time, the manuscript’s remarkable aesthetic qualities served to impress upon those who saw in it the numinous force of the Ḫwāğas’ supernatural authority. (shrink)

The few abbreviations employed in the body of the article are explained in the bibliography.

The Peanese convention for the use of dots as brackets has the disadvantage that it gives only an awkward method for representing chains of indefinite length, such as the compound implicationSuch chains occur frequently in logical investigations of a metatheoretic nature, and it is convenient to have a systematic method of abbreviating them. The most obvious method of doing this would be to leave the parentheses out entirely, and to understand that in such cases the implication sign or other operation (...) appearing on the extreme left is the most inclusive; but this method, which has been followed by Quine, is at variance with our ordinary algebraic usage, in which we write a − b + c − d for ((a − b) + c) − d, and consequently leads to confusion. It is desirable to have a modification of the Peanese convention which gives a simple method of representing such chain implications, and at the same time avoids this difficulty.Such a modification is easily obtained by generalizing somewhat a procedure of Church. The latter author uses only a single dot, which he writes on the right of an operator to signify a bracket extending from that point to the end of the formula (or parenthesized expression). If dots are used only on the right of operations this is all that can be desired. But the essential idea of this device can be extended to the case where dots are used also on the left, as follows: let us suppose that a group of dots on the right of an operation or prefix denotes the beginning of a bracket which extends to the right until it meets a group with an equal or larger number of dots on the left of an operation; and that the scope of a group of dots on the left of an operation shall extend to the left until it reaches a larger group of dots on the right of some operation. (shrink)

The few abbreviations employed in the body of the article are explained in the bibliography.

Quantum dots (3–4 nm) of Zn1− x Cd x S (both free of Mn2+ and with Mn2+ incorporated) were synthesized through a novel solvothermal-microwave irradiation technique. Detailed structural analysis of the Zn1− x Cd x S and Zn1− x Cd x S:Mn2+ (x = 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1) materials was carried out using powder X-ray diffraction technique. For all the compositions, the crystallite size was controlled to less than 1.5 nm. The optical energy gap for Zn1− x Cd (...) x S was found to vary from 3.878 to 2.519 eV and for Zn1−x Cd x S:Mn2+ it varies from 3.830 to 2.442 eV when x is increased from 0 to 1. Overall, the optical energy gap could be tuned from a minimum of 2.442 eV to a maximum of 3.878 eV. DC conductivity analysis (from 40°C to 150°C) and electrical energy gap analysis for all the compositions were also performed. The dc conductivity for Zn1− x Cd x S solid solutions varies from 0.3840 × 10−10 to 8.7782 × 10−10 mho/m at 150°C and for Zn1− x Cd x S:Mn2+ it varies from 0.5751 × 10−10 to 9.8078 × 10−10 mho /m at 150°C (for x = 0 to x = 1). The method of synthesis and the results observed in this investigation may assist in the fabrication of optical devices when the required operational performance falls under the range observed in the study. (shrink)

This article adopts the combined perspectives of critical discourse studies and (critical) intersectionality studies to examine efforts at movement-building by Pink Dot SG, an LGBTQ group, which has developed within the illiberal geopolitical space of Singapore. The term ‘intersectionalisation’ is introduced to refer to a reflexive meta-discursive strategy which mobilizes the intersectionality of social identities (such as gender, sexuality, race, class, generation, and nationality) to advance particular sociopolitical objectives. The article illustrates three ways intersectionalisation operates in Pink Dot’s official videos: (...) (i) to create solidarities within the LGBTQ community; (ii) to advocate for the LGBTQ community by straight allies, and (iii) to forge alliances dialogically between queer and straight communities in Singapore. The analysis of the videos shows that interactions between various assemblages of intersectional identities of privilege and marginality are brought to the fore in building the social movement, and how its discourse navigates a terrain of complicated power dynamics. (shrink)

Two recent articles [Gronchi et al., Citation2018. Automatic and controlled attentional orienting in the elderly: A dual-process view of the positivity effect. Acta Psychologica, 185, 229–234; Wirth & Wentura, Citation2020. It occurs after all: Attentional bias towards happy faces in the dot-probe task. Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics, 82(5), 2463–2481] report attentional biases for happy facial expressions in the dot-probe paradigm, albeit in different directions. While Wirth and Wentura report a bias towards happy expressions, Gronchi et al. found a reversed effect. (...) A striking difference between the studies was the task performed by the participants. While in Wirth and Wentura, participants performed a discrimination task, they performed a location task in Gronchi et al. In Experiment 1, we directly compared the two versions of the dot-probe paradigm. With the discrimination task, the bias towards happy faces was replicated. However, the location task yielded a null effect. In Experiment 2, we found a cueing effect with an abrupt onset cue in both tasks. However, for the location task a congruence-sequence effect (a typical characteristic of response-priming processes) occurred. This result suggests that in the location task, attentional processes are confounded with response-priming processes. We recommend to generally use discrimination tasks. (shrink)

The indeterminacy problem is one of the most prominent objections against naturalistic theories of content. In this essay I present this difficulty and argue that extant accounts are unable to solve it. Then, I develop a particular version of teleosemantics, which I call ’explanation-based teleosemantics’, and show how this outstanding problem can be addressed within the framework of a powerful naturalistic theory.

Level statistics and nodal point distribution in a rectangular semiconductor quantum dot are studied for different degrees of spin-orbit coupling. The chaotic features occurring from the spin-orbit coupling have no classical counterpart. Using experimental values for GaSb/InAs/GaSb semiconductor quantum wells we find that level repulsion can lead to the semi-Poisson distribution for nearest level separations. Nodal lines and nodal points are also investigated. Comparison is made with nodal point distributions for fully chaotic states.

In September 2008, the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) scientists successfully switched on the historic biggest physics device, the Large ...

This work examines how the conceptualization of knowledge as both problem and solution reconfigured intelligence and law enforcement after 9/11. The idea was that more information should be collected, and better analyzed. If the intelligence that resulted was shared, then terrorists could be identified, their acts predicted, and ultimately prevented. Law enforcement entered into this scenario in the United States, and internationally. "Policing terrorism" refers to the engagement of state and local law enforcement in intelligence, as well as approaching terrorism (...) as a legal crime, in addition to or as opposed to an act of war. Two venues are explored: fusion centers in the United States and the international organization of police, Interpol. The configuration can be thought of schematically as operating through the set of law, discipline and security. Intelligence is predominantly a security approach. It modulates that within its purview, wielding the techniques and technologies that are here discussed.The dissertation is divided into two sections: Intelligence and Policing Terrorism. In the first, intelligence is taken up as a term, and its changes in referent and concept are examined. The Preface and Chapter One present a general introduction to the contemporary situation and intelligence, via Sherman Kent, as knowledge, organization and activities. Chapter Two traces the development of intelligence in the United States as a craft and profession. Chapter Three discusses some of the issues involving the intersection of intelligence and policy, and how those manifested in the aftermath of 9/11 and the lead up to the 2003 invasion of Iraq. The second section examines the turn to policing terrorism, beginning, in Chapter Four, with how Interpol has dealt with bioterrorism, and an examination of the shifting conceptualization of biological threats in international law. Moving from threats to their consequences, Chapter Five takes up the concept of an event in order to analyze the common comparison of Pearl Harbor and 9/11. Chapters Six and Seven turn to fieldwork done in the United States, with an examination of the suspicious activity reporting system and law enforcement's inclusion in the Information Sharing Environment, focusing on fusion centers and data mining. (shrink)

The term gurlesque refers to an aesthetics that mixes feminism, femininity, the grotesque and the cute. This article explores how contemporary Swedish feminist comic books do gurlesque theory with the aim of contributing to the theoretical conversation about feminine aesthetics and gurlesque. The study focuses on two contemporary Swedish comic books, Jag är din flickvän nu by Nina Hemmingsson and Allt kommer bli bra by Lisa Ewald. The article views gurlesque as a queer aesthetics, as a form of wilful misinterpretation (...) and taunting of perceptions of femininity. The word gurlesque draws from the word ‘girl’, and questions the connection between girlhood and young age from a queer perspective. Although the gurlesque is rooted in images of girlhood, it has the potential to grasp femininities of all ages. (shrink)

Morphological EvoDevo is a field of biological inquiry in which explicit relations between evolutionary patterns and growth or morphogenetic processes are made. Historically, morphological EvoDevo results from the coming together of several traditions, notably Naturphilosophie, embryology, the study of heterochrony, and developmental constraints. A special feature binding different approaches to morphological EvoDevo is the use of formalisms and mathematical models. Here we will introduce anatomical network analysis, a new approach centered on connectivity patterns formed by anatomical parts, with its own (...) concepts and tools specifically designed for the study of morphological EvoDevo questions. Riedl’s concept of burden is tightly related to the use of anatomical networks, providing a nexus between the evolutionary patterns and the structural constraints that shape them. (shrink)

Research on automatic attention to emotional faces offers mixed results. Therefore we examined validity effects for facial expressions of different emotions with a dot-probe paradigm in seven studies. Systematic variations of type of emotion, CTI, task, cue size, and masking allow for a differentiated assessment of attentional capture by emotions and possible moderating factors. Results indicate a general absence of emotional validity effects as well as a lack of significant interactions with either of the manipulated factors, indicating that facial expressions (...) of emotions do not capture attention in a fully automatic fashion. These findings suggest that situational and contextual factors have to be taken into account when investigating attentional capture of emotional faces. (shrink)