The aim of this study was to investigate the association between temperament and social support and the level of quantitatively rated PTSD symptoms in a sample of HIV+ and HIV/aids men and women. A total of 310 men and women, including 182 HIV+ and 128 HIV/aids, were studied. Social support was assessed with the Berlin Social Support Scales. Temperament was assessed with the Formal Characteristics of Behaviour - Temperament Inventory. Intensity of PTSD symptoms was assessed with the PTSDF. The best (...) predictors of intensity of PTSD symptoms in HIV+ participants were support seeking and sensory sensitivity. Support seeking was positively associated, and sensory sensitivity was negatively associated with intensity of PTSD symptoms. (shrink)

More than 15 years of human behaviour genetic research at the University of Warsaw Human behaviour genetic research has been conducted at the University of Warsaw for more than 15 years. The main focus of this work have been the origins of individual differences in temperament and other personality traits. Other areas of interest include attitudes, risk factors for human health, and posttraumatic stress disorder. The majority of the research is conducted using quantitative genetic methods although recently work using molecular (...) techniques has also begun to develop. This article reviews the most important directions and findings of this research. (shrink)

This is a study of the relationship between EAS temperament traits, age and gender, and religious fundamentalism in an adult Polish sample. Participants were sampled from among people who tended towards secularisation. A total of 902 participants, including 551 women and 351 men, aged 18 to 58 were studied. Participants were students in a variety of university faculties and adults with higher education representing a variety of professions. They all lived in the Warsaw area. Temperament was assessed with Buss and (...) Plomin’s EAS Temperament Survey. Religious fundamentalism was assessed using Altemeyer and Hunsberger’s Religious Fundamentalism Scale. The level of religious fundamentalism was found to be associated with the temperament traits of sociability and anger. All three variables decrease in intensity with age. Women have higher levels of religious fundamentalism than men. (shrink)

[…] redaktorom udała się rzecz dość rzadka w tego typu publikacjach, mianowicie stworzyli imponujących rozmiarów księgę pamiątkową, która jednak, poza walorami okolicznościowymi, charakteryzuje się wysokim poziomem naukowym i zawiera sporo oryginalnych, wartościowych treści, z konieczności prezentowanych w krótkich formach, co jednak nie obniża ich rangi teoretycznej. Ponadto […] udało się w tej publikacji zgromadzić bardzo liczne, a jednocześnie reprezentatywne grono najwybitniejszych polskich filozofów, którzy ofiarowali profesorowi Tyburskiemu swoje cenne teksty, co czyni tę książkę tym bardziej wartościową i spowoduje, jak można (...) przypuszczać, że jeszcze po wielu latach będzie się do niej sięgało jako o źródła oryginalnych i bardzo ciekawych przemyśleń. Prof. dr hab. Jarosław Rolewski. (shrink)

The text is a commentary to the phenomena in Polish modern art in the final years of the 20th century. It constitutes a “first-hand” account by a participant of the events and the host of the location. The location was the author’s private workshop in the attic of a Łódź tenement house in the very centre of the city, in the circles of artists creating situations, meetings, events and objects, which established Kultura Zrzuty [the Whip-round Culture], a phenomenon which described (...) the activities of artists independent of state institutions and officials patrons in the 1980s. The analysis of the events within the area of independent Okolice Sztuki inspired the author to discuss the form of other artists and his own, who created art in Strych [literally: attic] in an unchanging conflict between physical and social existence and freedom in art. (shrink)

Due to the Internet, the traditional media monopoly has been irretrievably broken. Available technologies have created unavailable earlier conditions for personalization and manipulation of information that is generating to the Internet users. It is sharply noticeable with reference to the computer games, media and the potential of Web 2.0, social networking. The freedom of information concerning the social networking seem to be a temporary phenomenon—effectively dominated by the commercialization.

Refining big data is a new multipurpose way to find, collect, and analyze information obtained from the web and off-line information sources about any research subject. It gives the opportunity to investigate (with an assumed level of statistical significance) the past and current status of information on a subject, and it can even predict the future. The refining of big data makes it possible to quantitatively investigate a wide spectrum of raw information on significant human issues—social, scientific, political, business, and (...) others. Refining creates a space for new, rich sources of information and opens innovative ways for research. The article describes a procedure for refining big data and gives examples of its use. (shrink)

Author: Lorenc Włodzimierz Title: HABERMAS’ PHILOSOPHY AS AN EXPRESSION OF FORGETTING ABOUT ONESELF AND COMMUNITY. CONSEQUENCES OF EXCESSIVE UNIVERSALITY OF PHILOSOPHY (Filozofia Jürgena Habermasa jako wyraz zapominania o sobie i wspólnocie. Konsekwencje nadmiernego uniwersalizowania filozofii) Source: Filo-Sofija year: 2006, vol:.6, number: 2006/1, pages:153-170 Keywords: HABERMAS, COMMUNITY, HUMAN EXISTENCE, UNDERSTANDING Discipline: PHILOSOPHY Language: POLISH Document type: ARTICLE Publication order reference (Primary author’s office address): E-mail:The task of the article is to show the consequences of the understanding of philosophy by Jürgen (...) Habermas, one of the most outstanding philosophers of our time. Some limitations in his philosophy appear in his utterances on the problems of man related to the possibilities offered by the recent achievements in genetics. As a philosopher he seems to be very distant from the reality of human existence. He proposes to cultivate a pure philosophy, striving first of all to ensure a universality for its solutions. This way he narrows the tasks confronting modern philosophy; besides, he wants to answer the questions concerning the humankind in a way valid for all times, making absolute the legal and constitutional frame being now in force. (shrink)

Przemysł farmaceutyczny oferuje coraz to nowe leki, które mają przedłużać życie osób cierpiących na nieuleczalne choroby. Innowacyjne terapie są często w jakimś stopniu skuteczniejsze, ale też (w co najmniej takim samym stopniu) droższe. Upoważnieni decydenci reprezentujący społeczeństwo muszą zatem rozstrzygać, które z nich będą finansowane ze środków publicznych. Jednym z głównych kryteriów, na których podstawie podejmuje się takie decyzje, jest stosunek dodatkowych kosztów, związanych z nową terapią, do czerpanych z niej dodatkowych korzyści. Dodatkowe korzyści, wynikające z nowych leków dla osób (...) śmiertelnie chorych, wydają się jednak często niezbyt wielkie w porównaniu do ich zawrotnych dodatkowych kosztów. Rodzi się zatem wątpliwość, czy refundacja tych leków, do której opinia społeczna skądinąd na ogół się skłania, daje się pogodzić z równie powszechnie akceptowaną zasadą ekonomicznej efektywności. Pewną próbą uzgodnienia tych postaw byłoby przyjęcie, że z pozoru niewielkie korzyści, przysparzane osobom zbliżającym się do śmierci — jak marginalne zwiększenie długości ich życia lub nieznaczne podniesienie jego jakości — w rzeczywistości mają większą wartość, ponieważ życie tych osób trzeba cenić wyżej. W przedstawianym artykule zastanawiam się nad tym, czy ta koncepcja jest do utrzymania — czy wartość życia wzrasta wobec bliskiej śmierci. (shrink)

This collection of 12 essays at the 100th anniversary of Roman Ingarden is to show the actuality of the outstanding Polish representative of twentieth century philosophy. The authors take up Ingarden's main philosophical topics and, accordingly, deal with phenomenological and ontological problems on the various modes of givenness and existence in the wide range of real and intentional being, true and fictional existence, and they devote particular interest to Ingarden's conception of reality as well as to his aesthetics and theory (...) of arts. (shrink)

This collection of 12 essays at the 100th anniversary of Roman Ingarden is to show the actuality of the outstanding Polish representative of twentieth century philosophy. The authors take up Ingarden's main philosophical topics and, accordingly, deal with phenomenological and ontological problems on the various modes of givenness and existence in the wide range of real and intentional being, true and fictional existence, and they devote particular interest to Ingarden's conception of reality as well as to his aesthetics and theory (...) of arts. (shrink)

The task of corrective justice in Aristotle’s ethics is the rectification of harms or injuries resulting from voluntary or involuntary interactions between persons. However, the scope of this form of justice is not clear. In its widest conception it would include all harms done to a person against her will and without her fault. According to a narrower conception, instead, it is only an injury caused by an unjust or wrongful action that requires compensation. But in fact Aristotle distinguishes several (...) concepts of unjust action. As a result, the narrower conception appears in various versions which are discussed in this paper. (shrink)

Definicja geniusza jest definicją warunkową – jest to osoba o nieprzeciętnych zdolnościach. Zdolności takie związane są ze strukturą i fizjologią mózgu, które są zdeterminowane genetycznie, a środowisko i edukacja mogą co najwyżej przeszkodzić w rozwoju geniusza. Na przykładzie prostego modelu przestrzeni fazowej mózgu formułujemy dwie hipotezy dotyczące dynamiki procesów myślowych w mózgu geniusza i różnicy między myśleniem geniusza a chorobą psychiczną lub szaleństwem.

Innovation is fundamental to the pharmaceutical industry and a key to improvements in healthcare. Its effectiveness depends on huge, constant investments in research. This innovative industry directly affects the course of studies in healthcare and medicine. Its efforts translate directly into the length and quality of our lives. For several years now, the progress underway in pharmaceutical industry has produced measurable benefits. Doctors have new pharmaceuticals at their disposal, including many types of antibiotics and anti-viral drugs, vaccines and a wide (...) range of drugs which save lives or make them more comfortable. In the near future, ever more efficient cures for neoplastic, rheumatic, neurological, psychic, metabolic, circulatory or respiratory diseases can be expected. (shrink)

This paper considers Adam Grobler's fallibilism as an attractive alternative for both epistemological fundationalism and nihilism. Fallibilism claims that science is only a collection of temporary opinions, which entails rejecting of the idea of justification in aid of establishing critical preferences. In Grobler's thought that role is played by the conclusion to the best explanation (abductionism). Grobler's ideas dismantle the belief that relativity implies relativism. This paper deals with several Grobler's problems, such as theory-ladeness thesis (interpretation of observation), problems of (...) facts, litigation of absolutism with relativism. I claim that problem of epistemic interests should be viewed as theoretical, e.g. considered as an element of our background knowledge, or wider philosophical framework (for example metaphysics). Some formulations of local internal realism are subject to paradox of self-referentiality. (shrink)

"Traum des Seins, Todt des Seiendes" sketches centuries-old history, transformations, and consequences of the baroque identification of dream and reality. The first part of the essay demonstrates that, despite commonly accepted opinion this identification originates with Descartes. In the second part of the essay, the main theme – the claim that ontological positions are dependent on the grammar of ethic languages – is introduced within the context of Schopenhauer's remarks on life and dreams. The third part of the essay further (...) develops the main theme in the course of an analysis of Descartes' "Meditation II". From a linguistic point of view, there are two following consequences for ego and cogito: either the subject (ego) does not exist, or its existence is temporarily non-continuous; either it does not exist as consciousness; or it is an unconscious being. Obviously, Descartes would accept neither. In the last analysis, ego exists merely grammatically, while (conscious) being differs from being in that it happens but is not. Since conscious being, only occurs in speech directed to somebody, death touches merely being, while being either dreams or remains silent. (shrink)

Nadzieja radykalna to nadzieja obecna dotąd w dyskursie religijnym. Począwszy od Nietzschego tematyka ta zaczęła się również pojawiać w dyskursie filozoficznym. Punktem wyjścia artykułu jest myśl Ernesta Blocha, który uczynił z nadziei centralną kwestię rozważań filozoficznych, choć nie udało mu się rozwinięcie tej idei. W tym względzie pierwszeństwo przypada Nietzschemu, który dążył do złączenia filozofii z problematyką nadziei. Ostatnim filozofem, którego poglądy zostaną wzięte pod uwagę jest Quentin Meillassoux, dążący w ostatnich latach do filozoficznego podtrzymania nadziej dotąd kojarzącej się z (...) religią. Punktem docelowym rozważań, oprócz próby oceny propozycji każdego ze wspomnianych filozofów, jest sformułowanie wniosków odnoszących się do konsekwencji pojawienia się problematyki nadziei radykalnej na gruncie filozofii. Wskażę na sposób współczesnego filozofowania, który zdaje się otwierać szanse na powiązanie tej problematyki z filozofią. Can Philosophy substitute for religion? Philosophies of Radical Hope from Nietzsche to Meillassoux Radical hope is hope that could be found in religious discourse. Starting from Nietzsche, the concept entered also philosophical discourse. The article takes as its starting point the thought of Ernest Bloch, who placed hope at the center of philosophical thought, although, he was not able to develop the idea. In this respect, priority should be given to Nietzsche, whose views were taken up by Quentin Meillasoux, who has been aiming to philosophically uphold hope that has been usually associated with religion. The end point of the present deliberation, in addition to an attempt at evaluating the abovementioned philosophers’ propositions, is formulation conclusions concerning the consequences of the appearance of the problematics of radical hope in the field of philosophy. I will point to a way of contemporary practice of philosophy, which appears to open up opportunities to tie in this problematics with philosophy. (shrink)