En raison de son statut de département japonais, la situation postcoloniale vécue par les habitants d'Okinawa reste peu visible de l'extérieur. TI n'en demeure pas moins que la double sujétion de l'île, au Japon et aux États-Unis, suscite depuis 1945 colère et indignation. Mais dans le cadre général de la seconde modernité japonaise, quelle peut être la portée pratique d'une pensée critique ? Cette interrogation­ servira de fil conducteur à notre texte qui se propose de suivre l'itinéraire d'une jeune chanteuse (...) qui, placée au croisement des mondes japonais et okinawais, tente de se frayer une voie qui mène vers des états de paix.Because of Okinawa's particular status as a Japanese constituency, the post-colonial situation experienced by its inhabitants has never been transparent to the outside world, although the island's dual dependency, on Japan and the United States, has been a source of anger and indignation ever since 1945. But in the more general context of Japan's second age of modernity, where does critical thinking lead in practice? This is the underlying thread of our narrative, in which we follow a young singer, caught between her Japanese and Okinawa backgrounds, as she tries to fight her way through to a state of peace. (shrink)

Du sollst dir kein Bildnis noch irgendein Gleichnis machen, fordert das zweite der zehn mosaischen Gebote. Aber wir müssen uns Bilder machen, indem wir denken. Das menschliche Denken lebt aus Bildern, es bewegt sich in Bildern, und diese entwickeln dabei ihr eigenes Leben. Wie lassen sich jenes Gebot und diese Notwendigkeit verbinden? Wie lässt sich eine jeweils zeitgemässe Ordnung in diese Bilderflut bringen, ohne sie dauerhaft zu fixieren und damit das lebendige Denken zu töten? In diese Fragen lässt sich die (...) denkerische Lebensaufgabe des Autors Nikolaus von Kues (1401-1464) zusammenfassen. Philosophen und Theologen, Historiker und Bildwissenschaftler versammelten sich im November 2017 im Geburtshaus von Nikolaus am Ufer der Mosel in Kues, um diese Fragen auf den neuesten Stand der Forschung zu bringen. Die Themen reichen von detaillierten Bild-Lektüren einschlägiger Kunstwerke aus West und Ost über Logik, Reichweite und Grenzen des konjekturalen Denkens. Grundzüge einer Mythologie der Vernunft, die elliptische Dis-zentralisierung des ego-zentrischen Denkens sowie die Rolle der Imagination für das Erkennen, bis zu einer Würdigung der einprägsamen Bilder aus der Lebenswelt im Werk des Cusanus und zu seinem neuen Entwurf eines Menschenbildes im Geist der Renaissance im Spiegel des Verborgen bleibenden Gottesbildes. Anlass dieser Sammlung von innovativen Cusanus-Studien war der 70. Geburtstage des japanischen Kollegen und verdienten Cusanusforschers Kazuhiko Yamaki. Yamaki ist Professor em. für Philosophie an der Waseda-Universität Tokyo. Sein Forschungsschwerpunkt liegt in der europäischen Philosophie des MIttelalters, doch seine besondere Liebe und Aufmerksamkeit gehören dem Philosophen Nikolaus von Kues und dessen Bildersprache, die Yamaki stets auch auf ihre Aktualität für unsere Gegenwart hin befragt. (shrink)

民俗社会における身体はどのように文化化・社会化されており、どのような意味づけを行ってきたか。また、そこにはどのような心性が宿っていたかという新しい視点で構想する。.

The derivative is a basic concept of differential calculus. However, if we calculate the derivative as change in distance over change in time, the result at any instant is 0/0, which seems meaningless. Hence, Newton and Leibniz used the limit to determine the derivative. Their method is valid in practice, but it is not easy to intuitively accept. Thus, this article describes the novel method of differential calculus based on the double contradiction, which is easier to accept intuitively. Next, the (...) geometrical meaning of the double contradiction is considered as follows. A tangent at a point on a convex curve is iterated. Then, the slope of the tangent at the point is sandwiched by two kinds of lines. The first kind of line crosses the curve at the original point and a point to the right of it. The second kind of line crosses the curve at the original point and a point to the left of it. Then, the double contradiction can be applied, and the slope of the tangent is determined as a single value. Finally, the meaning of this method for the foundation of mathematics is considered. We reflect on Dehaene’s notion that the foundation of mathematics is based on the intuitions, which evolve independently. Hence, there may be gaps between intuitions. In fact, the Ancient Greeks identified inconsistency between arithmetic and geometry. However, Eudoxus developed the theory of proportion, which is equivalent to the Dedekind Cut. This allows the iteration of an irrational number by rational numbers as precisely as desired. Simultaneously, we can define the irrational number by the double contradiction, although its existence is not guaranteed. Further, an area of a curved figure is iterated and defined by rectilinear figures using the double contradiction. (shrink)

Determinants of synesthetic color choice for Japanese phonetic characters were studied in six Japanese synesthetes. The study used Hiragana and Katakana characters, which represent the same set of syllables although their visual forms are dissimilar. From a palette of 138 colors, synesthetes selected a color corresponding to each character. Results revealed that synesthetic color choices for Hiragana characters and those for their Katakana counterparts were remarkably consistent, indicating that color selection depended on character-related sounds and not visual form. This Hiragana–Katakana (...) invariance cannot be regarded as the same phenomenon as letter case invariance, usually reported for English grapheme-color synesthesia, because Hiragana and Katakana characters have different identities whereas upper and lower case letters have the same identity. This involvement of phonology suggests that cross-activation between an inducer brain region and that of the concurrent area in grapheme-color synesthesia is mediated by higher order cortical processing areas. (shrink)

Let A[ω]ω be a maximal almost disjoint family and assume P is a forcing notion. Say A is P-indestructible if A is still maximal in any P-generic extension. We investigate P-indestructibility for several classical forcing notions P. In particular, we provide a combinatorial characterization of P-indestructibility and, assuming a fragment of MA, we construct maximal almost disjoint families which are P-indestructible yet Q-destructible for several pairs of forcing notions . We close with a detailed investigation of iterated Sacks indestructibility.

武士道は思弁的な教条主義を排し、現実重視と結果尊重の立場を貫く。徳川日本の力量示す、その戦略的思考と行動の論理。.

We introduce the simpler and shorter proof of Hajek’s theorem that the mathematical induction on ω implies a contradiction in the set theory with the comprehension principle within Łukasiewicz predicate logic Ł ${\forall}$ (Hajek Arch Math Logic 44(6):763–782, 2005) by extending the proof in (Yatabe Arch Math Logic, accepted) so as to be effective in any linearly ordered MV-algebra.

We show that Kubota and Levine’s characterization of the HPSG-based theory of non-constituent coordination proposed in Yatabe Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar, CSLI, Stanford, pp 325–344, 2001) and later works is inaccurate, and that the theory in question does not require any ad hoc mechanisms to account for the long-known fact that right-node raising and left-node raising can affect semantic interpretation. In the course of demonstrating this, we fill in some details of this (...) HPSG-based theory that were left unspecified in the previous literature, and we also present novel accounts of split-antecedent relative clauses and of respectively interpretation that are consistent with the theory. Furthermore, we argue that the phenomenon of summative agreement may provide a reason to prefer this theory over CG-based theories like Kubota and Levine’s. (shrink)

Gareth Evans proved that if two objects are indeterminately equal then they are different in reality. He insisted that this contradicts the assumption that there can be vague objects. However we show the consistency between Evans's proof and the existence of vague objects within classical logic. We formalize Evans's proof in a set theory without the axiom of extensionality, and we define a set to be vague if it violates extensionality with respect to some other set. There exist models of (...) set theory where the axiom of extensionality does not hold, so this shows that there can be vague objects. (shrink)

Determinants of synesthetic color choice for the Japanese logographic script, Kanji, were studied. The study investigated how synesthetic colors for Kanji characters, which are usually acquired later in life than other types of graphemes in Japanese language , are influenced by linguistic properties such as phonology, orthography, and meaning. Of central interest was a hypothesized generalization process from synesthetic colors for graphemes, learned prior to acquisition of Kanji, to Kanji characters learned later. Results revealed that color choices for Kanji characters (...) depend on meaning and phonological information. Some results suggested that colors are generalized from Hiragana characters and Arabic digits to Kanji characters via phonology and meaning, respectively. Little influence of orthographic information was observed. The findings and approach of this study contributes to a clarification of the mechanism underlying grapheme-color synesthesia, especially in terms of its relationship to normal language processing. (shrink)

In ${\mathbf{H}}$ , a set theory with the comprehension principle within Łukasiewicz infinite-valued predicate logic, we prove that a statement which can be interpreted as “there is an infinite descending sequence of initial segments of ω” is truth value 1 in any model of ${\mathbf{H}}$ , and we prove an analogy of Hájek’s theorem with a very simple procedure.

We investigated cultural differences between U.S. and Japanese color preferences and the ecological factors that might influence them. Japanese and U.S. color preferences have both similarities and differences. Complex gender differences were also evident that did not conform to previously reported effects. Palmer and Schloss's weighted affective valence estimate procedure was used to test the Ecological Valence Theory's prediction that within-culture WAVE-preference correlations should be higher than between-culture WAVE-preference correlations. The results supported several, but not all, predictions. In the second (...) experiment, we tested color preferences of Japanese–U.S. multicultural participants who could read and speak both Japanese and English. Multicultural color preferences were intermediate between U.S. and Japanese preferences, consistent with the hypothesis that culturally specific personal experiences during one's lifetime influence color preferences. (shrink)

We prove a set-theoretic version of Hájek, Paris and Shepherdson's theorem [HPS00] as follows: The set ω of natural numbers must contain a non-standard natural number in any natural Tarskian semantics of CŁ0, the set theory with comprehension principle within Lukasiewicz's infinite-valued predicate logic. The key idea of the proof is a generalization of the derivation of Moh Shaw-Kwei's paradox, which is a Russell-like paradox for many-valued logic.

Graphical Abstract2013 marks the 50th annual Drew festival in Uto City, Japan, celebrating the work of University of Manchester botanist, Dr. Kathleen Drew-Baker. Her insight into the reproductive biology of algae was the key to efficient farming of the seaweed “nori” which is a familiar component of Japanese food.

Name der Zeitschrift: Das Mittelalter Jahrgang: 19 Heft: 1 Seiten: 146-166.

熊本大学生命倫理論集第3巻のテーマは「生命の価値」そのものである。生命倫理が前提とする生命という価値についての根本的問いかけに、哲学、倫理学、法学、医学、脳科学、生物学等の様々な分野の専門家が本気で取 り組み、学問の境界を越えた議論を展開する。.

Employing an aero-acoustic levitator, the Fe 2 O 3 -16.5 mol% La 2 O 3 eutectic alloy was levitated, melted, undercooled and then solidified under a containerless condition when a continuous laser beam heating system was incorporated. By revealing the surface and cross-sectional microstructures, copious nucleation is confirmed to take place in the undercooled melts solidified by either an external seeding or spontaneous crystallization. The nucleation behaviour of eutectic alloys is summarized, indicating that copious nucleation may be an intrinsic attribute (...) of a eutectic system with the exact eutectic composition in unconstrained solidification. Considering the complexity level of crystal structures of eutectic oxide phases in the Fe 2 O 3 -La 2 O 3 alloy, the linear kinetic constants are approximately estimated and the growth kinetics are discussed. The sluggish growth kinetics of the perovskite-type phase, that is LaFeO 3 with a higher complexity level in a unit cell leads to a decoupled growth within a single eutectic colony when the melt is undercooled to exceed the critical undercooling j T = 125 K. It is the decoupled growth that results in the formation of anomalous eutectics. The present concept based on the kinetic constant of different phases can also be applicable to account for the growth behaviour of other oxide eutectics when considering the stable and metastable eutectic reactions in different solidification conditions. The nucleation behaviour and growth modes in some oxide eutectic systems have been predicted in the free solidification from an undercooled state. (shrink)

Children often personify non-living objects, such as puppets and stars. This attribution is considered a healthy phenomenon, which can simulate social exchange and enhance children's understanding of social relationships. In this study, we considered that the tendency of children to engage in personification could potentially be observed in abstract entities, such as numbers. We hypothesized that children tend to attribute personalities to numbers, which diminishes during the course of development. By consulting the methodology to measure ordinal linguistic personification (OLP), which (...) is a type of synesthesia, we quantified the frequency with which child and adult populations engage in number personification. Questionnaires were completed by 151 non-synesthetic children (9--12 years old) and 55 non-synesthetic adults. Children showed a higher tendency than adults to engage in number personification, with respect to temporal consistency and the frequency of choosing meaningful answers. Additionally, children tended to assign unique and exclusive descriptions to each number from zero to nine. By synthesizing the series of analyses, we revealed the process in which number personification diminishes throughout development. In the discussion, we examined the possibility that number personification serves as a discrimination clue to aid children's comprehension of the relationships between numbers. (shrink)

This study examines the food flow in Tianjin, divided into three areas (urban, suburban, and rural), as a case study to gain a better understanding of local and regional food flows and ecosystem performance. The study has the following objectives: (1) to evaluate the capacity for self-sufficiency within Tianjin’s administrative boundary by estimating a self-sufficiency ratio (SSR) using statistical data at both the city and local scales, (2) to estimate food flow at the city scale from field surveys of the (...) local markets and statistics provided by the local government, and (3) to examine the real flows of the two primary types of arable crops (cereal grains and vegetables) at the local level by conducting semi-structured household interviews. The results of this study show that Tianjin has experienced a rapid increase of self-sufficiency capacity since the 1980s, and it appears to have the capacity to support the citizens within its borders. Rural areas have had a surplus in all of the studied food categories since the 1980s, and suburban areas have a history of high estimated SSR for vegetables, poultry, and fish. However, a low degree of locally sourced product flow was observed in this study. Most of the local cereal crops were consumed in the agricultural production areas, but 70 % of the vegetables produced in the rural areas flowed outside of Tianjin and did not support Tianjin local consumption. To reduce its vulnerability to food security issues and to promote a more environmentally desirable local food system, Tianjin needs to recognize the high productivity of its local ecosystem and reduce its dependence on other remote ecosystems for its food needs. A stronger relationship between urban and rural areas should also be established. (shrink)

Indic across the Millennia: From the Rigveda to Modern Indo-Aryan. 14th World Sanskrit Conference, Kyoto, Japan, September 1st–5th, 2009. Proceedings of the Linguistic Section. Edited by Jared S. Klein and Kazuhiko Yoshida. Bremen: Hempen Verlag, 2012. Pp. viii + 249.

A theory of truth is usually demanded to be consistent, but -consistency is less frequently requested. Recently, Yatabe has argued in favour of -inconsistent first-order theories of truth, minimising their odd consequences. In view of this fact, in this paper, we present five arguments against -inconsistent theories of truth. In order to bring out this point, we will focus on two very well-known -inconsistent theories of truth: the classical theory of symmetric truth FS and the non-classical theory of naïve (...) truth based on ᴌukasiewicz infinitely valued logic: PAᴌT. (shrink)

According to [M.S. Kurilić, Cohen-stable families of subsets of the integers, J. Symbolic Logic 66 257–270], adding a Cohen real destroys a splitting family on ω if and only if is isomorphic to a splitting family on the set of rationals, , whose elements have nowhere dense boundaries. Consequently, implies the Cohen-indestructibility of . Using the methods developed in [J. Brendle, S. Yatabe, Forcing indestructibility of MAD families, Ann. Pure Appl. Logic 132 271–312] the stability of splitting families in (...) several forcing extensions is characterized in a similar way . Also, it is proved that a splitting family is preserved by the Sacks forcing if and only if it is preserved by some forcing which adds a new real. The corresponding hierarchy of splitting families is investigated. (shrink)